src/h3.c

/*
 * HTTP/3 protocol processing
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2.1
 * exclusively.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
 */

#include <import/ist.h>

#include <haproxy/api.h>
#include <haproxy/buf.h>
#include <haproxy/chunk.h>
#include <haproxy/connection.h>
#include <haproxy/dynbuf.h>
#include <haproxy/h3.h>
#include <haproxy/h3_stats.h>
#include <haproxy/http.h>
#include <haproxy/http-hdr-t.h>
#include <haproxy/http_htx.h>
#include <haproxy/htx.h>
#include <haproxy/intops.h>
#include <haproxy/istbuf.h>
#include <haproxy/mux_quic.h>
#include <haproxy/pool.h>
#include <haproxy/qpack-dec.h>
#include <haproxy/qpack-enc.h>
#include <haproxy/quic_conn-t.h>
#include <haproxy/quic_enc.h>
#include <haproxy/stats-t.h>
#include <haproxy/tools.h>
#include <haproxy/trace.h>

/* trace source and events */
static void h3_trace(enum trace_level level, uint64_t mask,
                     const struct trace_source *src,
                     const struct ist where, const struct ist func,
                     const void *a1, const void *a2, const void *a3, const void *a4);

static const struct trace_event h3_trace_events[] = {
#define           H3_EV_RX_FRAME      (1ULL <<  0)
	{ .mask = H3_EV_RX_FRAME,     .name = "rx_frame",    .desc = "receipt of any H3 frame" },
#define           H3_EV_RX_DATA       (1ULL <<  1)
	{ .mask = H3_EV_RX_DATA,      .name = "rx_data",     .desc = "receipt of H3 DATA frame" },
#define           H3_EV_RX_HDR        (1ULL <<  2)
	{ .mask = H3_EV_RX_HDR,       .name = "rx_hdr",      .desc = "receipt of H3 HEADERS frame" },
#define           H3_EV_RX_SETTINGS   (1ULL <<  3)
	{ .mask = H3_EV_RX_SETTINGS,  .name = "rx_settings", .desc = "receipt of H3 SETTINGS frame" },
#define           H3_EV_TX_DATA       (1ULL <<  4)
	{ .mask = H3_EV_TX_DATA,      .name = "tx_data",     .desc = "transmission of H3 DATA frame" },
#define           H3_EV_TX_HDR        (1ULL <<  5)
	{ .mask = H3_EV_TX_HDR,       .name = "tx_hdr",      .desc = "transmission of H3 HEADERS frame" },
#define           H3_EV_TX_SETTINGS   (1ULL <<  6)
	{ .mask = H3_EV_TX_SETTINGS,  .name = "tx_settings", .desc = "transmission of H3 SETTINGS frame" },
#define           H3_EV_H3S_NEW       (1ULL <<  7)
	{ .mask = H3_EV_H3S_NEW,      .name = "h3s_new",     .desc = "new H3 stream" },
#define           H3_EV_H3S_END       (1ULL <<  8)
	{ .mask = H3_EV_H3S_END,      .name = "h3s_end",     .desc = "H3 stream terminated" },
	{ }
};

static const struct name_desc h3_trace_lockon_args[4] = {
	/* arg1 */ { /* already used by the connection */ },
	/* arg2 */ { .name="qcs", .desc="QUIC stream" },
	/* arg3 */ { },
	/* arg4 */ { }
};

static const struct name_desc h3_trace_decoding[] = {
#define H3_VERB_CLEAN    1
	{ .name="clean",    .desc="only user-friendly stuff, generally suitable for level \"user\"" },
#define H3_VERB_MINIMAL  2
	{ .name="minimal",  .desc="report only qcc/qcs state and flags, no real decoding" },
	{ /* end */ }
};

struct trace_source trace_h3 = {
	.name = IST("h3"),
	.desc = "HTTP/3 transcoder",
	.arg_def = TRC_ARG1_CONN,  /* TRACE()'s first argument is always a connection */
	.default_cb = h3_trace,
	.known_events = h3_trace_events,
	.lockon_args = h3_trace_lockon_args,
	.decoding = h3_trace_decoding,
	.report_events = ~0,  /* report everything by default */
};

#define TRACE_SOURCE    &trace_h3
INITCALL1(STG_REGISTER, trace_register_source, TRACE_SOURCE);

#if defined(DEBUG_H3)
#define h3_debug_printf fprintf
#define h3_debug_hexdump debug_hexdump
#else
#define h3_debug_printf(...) do { } while (0)
#define h3_debug_hexdump(...) do { } while (0)
#endif

#define H3_CF_SETTINGS_SENT     0x00000001  /* SETTINGS frame already sent on local control stream */
#define H3_CF_SETTINGS_RECV     0x00000002  /* SETTINGS frame already received on remote control stream */
#define H3_CF_UNI_CTRL_SET      0x00000004  /* Remote H3 Control stream opened */
#define H3_CF_UNI_QPACK_DEC_SET 0x00000008  /* Remote QPACK decoder stream opened */
#define H3_CF_UNI_QPACK_ENC_SET 0x00000010  /* Remote QPACK encoder stream opened */

/* Default settings */
static uint64_t h3_settings_qpack_max_table_capacity = 0;
static uint64_t h3_settings_qpack_blocked_streams = 4096;
static uint64_t h3_settings_max_field_section_size = QUIC_VARINT_8_BYTE_MAX; /* Unlimited */

struct h3c {
	struct qcc *qcc;
	struct qcs *ctrl_strm; /* Control stream */
	enum h3_err err;
	uint32_t flags;

	/* Settings */
	uint64_t qpack_max_table_capacity;
	uint64_t qpack_blocked_streams;
	uint64_t max_field_section_size;

	uint64_t id_goaway; /* stream ID used for a GOAWAY frame */

	struct buffer_wait buf_wait; /* wait list for buffer allocations */
	/* Stats counters */
	struct h3_counters *prx_counters;
};

DECLARE_STATIC_POOL(pool_head_h3c, "h3c", sizeof(struct h3c));

#define H3_SF_UNI_INIT  0x00000001  /* stream type not parsed for unidirectional stream */
#define H3_SF_UNI_NO_H3 0x00000002  /* unidirectional stream does not carry H3 frames */
#define H3_SF_HAVE_CLEN 0x00000004  /* content-length header is present */

struct h3s {
	struct h3c *h3c;

	enum h3s_t type;
	enum h3s_st_req st_req; /* only used for request streams */
	int demux_frame_len;
	int demux_frame_type;

	unsigned long long body_len; /* known request body length from content-length header if present */
	unsigned long long data_len; /* total length of all parsed DATA */

	int flags;
};

DECLARE_STATIC_POOL(pool_head_h3s, "h3s", sizeof(struct h3s));

/* Initialize an uni-stream <qcs> by reading its type from <b>.
 *
 * Returns the count of consumed bytes or a negative error code.
 */
static ssize_t h3_init_uni_stream(struct h3c *h3c, struct qcs *qcs,
                                  struct buffer *b)
{
	/* decode unidirectional stream type */
	struct h3s *h3s = qcs->ctx;
	uint64_t type;
	size_t len = 0, ret;

	TRACE_ENTER(H3_EV_H3S_NEW, qcs->qcc->conn, qcs);

	BUG_ON_HOT(!quic_stream_is_uni(qcs->id) ||
	           h3s->flags & H3_SF_UNI_INIT);

	ret = b_quic_dec_int(&type, b, &len);
	if (!ret) {
		ABORT_NOW();
	}

	switch (type) {
	case H3_UNI_S_T_CTRL:
		if (h3c->flags & H3_CF_UNI_CTRL_SET) {
			qcc_emit_cc_app(qcs->qcc, H3_STREAM_CREATION_ERROR, 1);
			return -1;
		}
		h3c->flags |= H3_CF_UNI_CTRL_SET;
		h3s->type = H3S_T_CTRL;
		break;

	case H3_UNI_S_T_PUSH:
		/* TODO not supported for the moment */
		h3s->type = H3S_T_PUSH;
		break;

	case H3_UNI_S_T_QPACK_DEC:
		if (h3c->flags & H3_CF_UNI_QPACK_DEC_SET) {
			qcc_emit_cc_app(qcs->qcc, H3_STREAM_CREATION_ERROR, 1);
			return -1;
		}
		h3c->flags |= H3_CF_UNI_QPACK_DEC_SET;
		h3s->type = H3S_T_QPACK_DEC;
		h3s->flags |= H3_SF_UNI_NO_H3;
		break;

	case H3_UNI_S_T_QPACK_ENC:
		if (h3c->flags & H3_CF_UNI_QPACK_ENC_SET) {
			qcc_emit_cc_app(qcs->qcc, H3_STREAM_CREATION_ERROR, 1);
			return -1;
		}
		h3c->flags |= H3_CF_UNI_QPACK_ENC_SET;
		h3s->type = H3S_T_QPACK_ENC;
		h3s->flags |= H3_SF_UNI_NO_H3;
		break;

	default:
		/* draft-ietf-quic-http34 9. Extensions to HTTP/3
		 *
		 * Implementations MUST [...] abort reading on unidirectional
		 * streams that have unknown or unsupported types.
		 */
		qcs->flags |= QC_SF_READ_ABORTED;
		return -1;
	};

	h3s->flags |= H3_SF_UNI_INIT;

	TRACE_LEAVE(H3_EV_H3S_NEW, qcs->qcc->conn, qcs);
	return len;
}

/* Parse a buffer <b> for a <qcs> uni-stream which does not contains H3 frames.
 * This may be used for QPACK encoder/decoder streams for example. <fin> is set
 * if this is the last frame of the stream.
 *
 * Returns the number of consumed bytes or a negative error code.
 */
static ssize_t h3_parse_uni_stream_no_h3(struct qcs *qcs, struct buffer *b, int fin)
{
	struct h3s *h3s = qcs->ctx;

	BUG_ON_HOT(!quic_stream_is_uni(qcs->id) ||
	           !(h3s->flags & H3_SF_UNI_NO_H3));

	switch (h3s->type) {
	case H3S_T_QPACK_DEC:
		if (qpack_decode_dec(b, fin, qcs))
			return -1;
		break;
	case H3S_T_QPACK_ENC:
		if (qpack_decode_enc(b, fin, qcs))
			return -1;
		break;
	case H3S_T_UNKNOWN:
	default:
		/* Unknown stream should be flagged with QC_SF_READ_ABORTED. */
		ABORT_NOW();
	}

	/* TODO adjust return code */
	return 0;
}

/* Decode a H3 frame header from <rxbuf> buffer. The frame type is stored in
 * <ftype> and length in <flen>.
 *
 * Returns the size of the H3 frame header. Note that the input buffer is not
 * consumed.
 */
static inline size_t h3_decode_frm_header(uint64_t *ftype, uint64_t *flen,
                                          struct buffer *b)
{
	size_t hlen;

	hlen = 0;
	if (!b_quic_dec_int(ftype, b, &hlen) ||
	    !b_quic_dec_int(flen, b, &hlen)) {
		return 0;
	}

	return hlen;
}

/* Check if H3 frame of type <ftype> is valid when received on stream <qcs>.
 *
 * Returns a boolean. If false, a connection error H3_FRAME_UNEXPECTED should
 * be reported.
 */
static int h3_is_frame_valid(struct h3c *h3c, struct qcs *qcs, uint64_t ftype)
{
	struct h3s *h3s = qcs->ctx;
	const uint64_t id = qcs->id;

	BUG_ON_HOT(h3s->type == H3S_T_UNKNOWN);

	switch (ftype) {
	case H3_FT_DATA:
		return h3s->type != H3S_T_CTRL && (h3s->st_req == H3S_ST_REQ_HEADERS ||
		                                   h3s->st_req == H3S_ST_REQ_DATA);

	case H3_FT_HEADERS:
		return h3s->type != H3S_T_CTRL && h3s->st_req != H3S_ST_REQ_TRAILERS;

	case H3_FT_CANCEL_PUSH:
	case H3_FT_GOAWAY:
	case H3_FT_MAX_PUSH_ID:
		/* Only allowed for control stream. First frame of control
		 * stream MUST be SETTINGS.
		 */
		return h3s->type == H3S_T_CTRL &&
		       (h3c->flags & H3_CF_SETTINGS_RECV);

	case H3_FT_SETTINGS:
		/* draft-ietf-quic-http34 7.2.4. SETTINGS
		 *
		 * If an endpoint receives a second SETTINGS frame on the control
		 * stream, the endpoint MUST respond with a connection error of type
		 * H3_FRAME_UNEXPECTED.
		 */
		return h3s->type == H3S_T_CTRL &&
		       !(h3c->flags & H3_CF_SETTINGS_RECV);

	case H3_FT_PUSH_PROMISE:
		return h3s->type != H3S_T_CTRL &&
		       (id & QCS_ID_SRV_INTIATOR_BIT);

	default:
		/* draft-ietf-quic-http34 9. Extensions to HTTP/3
		 *
		 * Implementations MUST discard frames [...] that have unknown
		 * or unsupported types.
		 */
		return h3s->type != H3S_T_CTRL || (h3c->flags & H3_CF_SETTINGS_RECV);
	}
}

/* Check from stream <qcs> that length of all DATA frames does not exceed with
 * a previously parsed content-length header. <fin> must be set for the last
 * data of the stream so that length of DATA frames must be equal to the
 * content-length.
 *
 * This must only be called for a stream with H3_SF_HAVE_CLEN flag.
 *
 * Return 0 on valid else non-zero.
 */
static int h3_check_body_size(struct qcs *qcs, int fin)
{
	struct h3s *h3s = qcs->ctx;
	int ret = 0;
	TRACE_ENTER(H3_EV_RX_FRAME, qcs->qcc->conn, qcs);

	/* Reserved for streams with a previously parsed content-length header. */
	BUG_ON(!(h3s->flags & H3_SF_HAVE_CLEN));

	/* RFC 9114 4.1.2. Malformed Requests and Responses
	 *
	 * A request or response that is defined as having content when it
	 * contains a Content-Length header field (Section 8.6 of [HTTP]) is
	 * malformed if the value of the Content-Length header field does not
	 * equal the sum of the DATA frame lengths received.
	 *
	 * TODO for backend support
	 * A response that is
	 * defined as never having content, even when a Content-Length is
	 * present, can have a non-zero Content-Length header field even though
	 * no content is included in DATA frames.
	 */
	if (h3s->data_len > h3s->body_len ||
	    (fin && h3s->data_len < h3s->body_len)) {
		TRACE_ERROR("Content-length does not match DATA frame size", H3_EV_RX_FRAME|H3_EV_RX_DATA, qcs->qcc->conn, qcs);
		ret = -1;
	}

	TRACE_LEAVE(H3_EV_RX_FRAME, qcs->qcc->conn, qcs);
	return ret;
}

/* Parse from buffer <buf> a H3 HEADERS frame of length <len>. Data are copied
 * in a local HTX buffer and transfer to the stream connector layer. <fin> must be
 * set if this is the last data to transfer from this stream.
 *
 * Returns the number of consumed bytes or a negative error code.
 */
static ssize_t h3_headers_to_htx(struct qcs *qcs, const struct buffer *buf,
                                 uint64_t len, char fin)
{
	struct h3s *h3s = qcs->ctx;
	struct h3c *h3c = h3s->h3c;
	struct buffer htx_buf = BUF_NULL;
	struct buffer *tmp = get_trash_chunk();
	struct htx *htx = NULL;
	struct htx_sl *sl;
	struct http_hdr list[global.tune.max_http_hdr];
	unsigned int flags = HTX_SL_F_NONE;
	struct ist meth = IST_NULL, path = IST_NULL;
	struct ist scheme = IST_NULL, authority = IST_NULL;
	int hdr_idx, ret;
	int cookie = -1, last_cookie = -1, i;

	/* RFC 9114 4.1.2. Malformed Requests and Responses
	 *
	 * A malformed request or response is one that is an otherwise valid
	 * sequence of frames but is invalid due to:
	 * - the presence of prohibited fields or pseudo-header fields,
	 * - the absence of mandatory pseudo-header fields,
	 * - invalid values for pseudo-header fields,
	 * - pseudo-header fields after fields,
	 * - an invalid sequence of HTTP messages,
	 * - the inclusion of uppercase field names, or
	 * - the inclusion of invalid characters in field names or values.
	 *
	 * [...]
	 *
	 * Intermediaries that process HTTP requests or responses (i.e., any
	 * intermediary not acting as a tunnel) MUST NOT forward a malformed
	 * request or response. Malformed requests or responses that are
	 * detected MUST be treated as a stream error of type H3_MESSAGE_ERROR.
	 */

	TRACE_ENTER(H3_EV_RX_FRAME|H3_EV_RX_HDR, qcs->qcc->conn, qcs);

	/* TODO support trailer parsing in this function */

	/* TODO support buffer wrapping */
	BUG_ON(b_head(buf) + len >= b_wrap(buf));
	ret = qpack_decode_fs((const unsigned char *)b_head(buf), len, tmp,
	                    list, sizeof(list) / sizeof(list[0]));
	if (ret < 0) {
		TRACE_ERROR("QPACK decoding error", H3_EV_RX_FRAME|H3_EV_RX_HDR, qcs->qcc->conn, qcs);
		h3c->err = -ret;
		return -1;
	}

	qc_get_buf(qcs, &htx_buf);
	BUG_ON(!b_size(&htx_buf));
	htx = htx_from_buf(&htx_buf);

	/* first treat pseudo-header to build the start line */
	hdr_idx = 0;
	while (1) {
		/* RFC 9114 4.3. HTTP Control Data
		 *
		 * Endpoints MUST treat a request or response that contains
		 * undefined or invalid pseudo-header fields as malformed.
		 *
		 * All pseudo-header fields MUST appear in the header section before
		 * regular header fields. Any request or response that contains a
		 * pseudo-header field that appears in a header section after a regular
		 * header field MUST be treated as malformed.
		 */

		/* Stop at first non pseudo-header. */
		if (!istmatch(list[hdr_idx].n, ist(":")))
			break;

		/* pseudo-header. Malformed name with uppercase character or
		 * invalid token will be rejected in the else clause.
		 */
		if (isteq(list[hdr_idx].n, ist(":method"))) {
			if (isttest(meth)) {
				TRACE_ERROR("duplicated method pseudo-header", H3_EV_RX_FRAME|H3_EV_RX_HDR, qcs->qcc->conn, qcs);
				return -1;
			}
			meth = list[hdr_idx].v;
		}
		else if (isteq(list[hdr_idx].n, ist(":path"))) {
			if (isttest(path)) {
				TRACE_ERROR("duplicated path pseudo-header", H3_EV_RX_FRAME|H3_EV_RX_HDR, qcs->qcc->conn, qcs);
				return -1;
			}
			path = list[hdr_idx].v;
		}
		else if (isteq(list[hdr_idx].n, ist(":scheme"))) {
			if (isttest(scheme)) {
				/* duplicated pseudo-header */
				TRACE_ERROR("duplicated scheme pseudo-header", H3_EV_RX_FRAME|H3_EV_RX_HDR, qcs->qcc->conn, qcs);
				return -1;
			}
			scheme = list[hdr_idx].v;
		}
		else if (isteq(list[hdr_idx].n, ist(":authority"))) {
			if (isttest(authority)) {
				TRACE_ERROR("duplicated authority pseudo-header", H3_EV_RX_FRAME|H3_EV_RX_HDR, qcs->qcc->conn, qcs);
				return -1;
			}
			authority = list[hdr_idx].v;
		}
		else {
			TRACE_ERROR("unknown pseudo-header", H3_EV_RX_FRAME|H3_EV_RX_HDR, qcs->qcc->conn, qcs);
			return -1;
		}

		++hdr_idx;
	}

	if (!istmatch(meth, ist("CONNECT"))) {
		/* RFC 9114 4.3.1. Request Pseudo-Header Fields
		 *
		 * All HTTP/3 requests MUST include exactly one value for the :method,
		 * :scheme, and :path pseudo-header fields, unless the request is a
		 * CONNECT request; see Section 4.4.
		 */
		if (!isttest(meth) || !isttest(scheme) || !isttest(path)) {
			TRACE_ERROR("missing mandatory pseudo-header", H3_EV_RX_FRAME|H3_EV_RX_HDR, qcs->qcc->conn, qcs);
			return -1;
		}
	}

	flags |= HTX_SL_F_VER_11;
	flags |= HTX_SL_F_XFER_LEN;

	sl = htx_add_stline(htx, HTX_BLK_REQ_SL, flags, meth, path, ist("HTTP/3.0"));
	if (!sl) {
		h3c->err = H3_INTERNAL_ERROR;
		return -1;
	}

	if (fin)
		sl->flags |= HTX_SL_F_BODYLESS;

	sl->info.req.meth = find_http_meth(meth.ptr, meth.len);

	if (isttest(authority))
		htx_add_header(htx, ist("host"), authority);

	/* now treat standard headers */
	while (1) {
		if (isteq(list[hdr_idx].n, ist("")))
			break;

		if (istmatch(list[hdr_idx].n, ist(":"))) {
			TRACE_ERROR("pseudo-header field after fields", H3_EV_RX_FRAME|H3_EV_RX_HDR, qcs->qcc->conn, qcs);
			return -1;
		}

		for (i = 0; i < list[hdr_idx].n.len; ++i) {
			const char c = list[hdr_idx].n.ptr[i];
			if ((uint8_t)(c - 'A') < 'Z' - 'A' || !HTTP_IS_TOKEN(c)) {
				TRACE_ERROR("invalid characters in field name", H3_EV_RX_FRAME|H3_EV_RX_HDR, qcs->qcc->conn, qcs);
				return -1;
			}
		}

		if (isteq(list[hdr_idx].n, ist("cookie"))) {
			http_cookie_register(list, hdr_idx, &cookie, &last_cookie);
			++hdr_idx;
			continue;
		}
		else if (isteq(list[hdr_idx].n, ist("content-length"))) {
			ret = http_parse_cont_len_header(&list[hdr_idx].v,
			                                 &h3s->body_len,
			                                 h3s->flags & H3_SF_HAVE_CLEN);
			if (ret < 0) {
				TRACE_ERROR("invalid content-length", H3_EV_RX_FRAME|H3_EV_RX_HDR, qcs->qcc->conn, qcs);
				return -1;
			}
			else if (!ret) {
				/* Skip duplicated value. */
				++hdr_idx;
				continue;
			}

			h3s->flags |= H3_SF_HAVE_CLEN;
			/* This will fail if current frame is the last one and
			 * content-length is not null.
			 */
			if (h3_check_body_size(qcs, fin))
				return -1;
		}

		htx_add_header(htx, list[hdr_idx].n, list[hdr_idx].v);
		++hdr_idx;
	}

	if (cookie >= 0) {
		if (http_cookie_merge(htx, list, cookie)) {
			h3c->err = H3_INTERNAL_ERROR;
			return -1;
		}
	}

	htx_add_endof(htx, HTX_BLK_EOH);
	htx_to_buf(htx, &htx_buf);

	if (fin)
		htx->flags |= HTX_FL_EOM;

	if (!qc_attach_sc(qcs, &htx_buf)) {
		h3c->err = H3_INTERNAL_ERROR;
		return -1;
	}

	/* RFC 9114 5.2. Connection Shutdown
	 *
	 * The GOAWAY frame contains an identifier that
	 * indicates to the receiver the range of requests or pushes that were
	 * or might be processed in this connection.  The server sends a client-
	 * initiated bidirectional stream ID; the client sends a push ID.
	 * Requests or pushes with the indicated identifier or greater are
	 * rejected (Section 4.1.1) by the sender of the GOAWAY.  This
	 * identifier MAY be zero if no requests or pushes were processed.
	 */
	if (qcs->id >= h3c->id_goaway)
		h3c->id_goaway = qcs->id + 4;

	/* buffer is transferred to the stream connector and set to NULL
	 * except on stream creation error.
	 */
	b_free(&htx_buf);
	offer_buffers(NULL, 1);

	TRACE_LEAVE(H3_EV_RX_FRAME|H3_EV_RX_HDR, qcs->qcc->conn, qcs);
	return len;
}

/* Copy from buffer <buf> a H3 DATA frame of length <len> in QUIC stream <qcs>
 * HTX buffer. <fin> must be set if this is the last data to transfer from this
 * stream.
 *
 * Returns the number of consumed bytes or a negative error code.
 */
static ssize_t h3_data_to_htx(struct qcs *qcs, const struct buffer *buf,
                              uint64_t len, char fin)
{
	struct buffer *appbuf;
	struct htx *htx = NULL;
	size_t htx_sent = 0;
	int htx_space;
	char *head;

	TRACE_ENTER(H3_EV_RX_FRAME|H3_EV_RX_DATA, qcs->qcc->conn, qcs);

	appbuf = qc_get_buf(qcs, &qcs->rx.app_buf);
	BUG_ON(!appbuf);
	htx = htx_from_buf(appbuf);

	if (len > b_data(buf)) {
		len = b_data(buf);
		fin = 0;
	}

	head = b_head(buf);
 retry:
	htx_space = htx_free_data_space(htx);
	if (!htx_space) {
		qcs->flags |= QC_SF_DEM_FULL;
		goto out;
	}

	if (len > htx_space) {
		len = htx_space;
		fin = 0;
	}

	if (head + len > b_wrap(buf)) {
		size_t contig = b_wrap(buf) - head;
		htx_sent = htx_add_data(htx, ist2(b_head(buf), contig));
		if (htx_sent < contig) {
			qcs->flags |= QC_SF_DEM_FULL;
			goto out;
		}

		len -= contig;
		head = b_orig(buf);
		goto retry;
	}

	htx_sent += htx_add_data(htx, ist2(head, len));
	if (htx_sent < len) {
		qcs->flags |= QC_SF_DEM_FULL;
		goto out;
	}

	if (fin && len == htx_sent)
		htx->flags |= HTX_FL_EOM;

 out:
	htx_to_buf(htx, appbuf);

	TRACE_LEAVE(H3_EV_RX_FRAME|H3_EV_RX_DATA, qcs->qcc->conn, qcs);
	return htx_sent;
}

/* Parse a SETTINGS frame of length <len> of payload <buf>.
 *
 * Returns the number of consumed bytes or a negative error code.
 */
static ssize_t h3_parse_settings_frm(struct h3c *h3c, const struct buffer *buf,
                                     size_t len)
{
	struct buffer b;
	uint64_t id, value;
	size_t ret = 0;
	long mask = 0;   /* used to detect duplicated settings identifier */

	TRACE_ENTER(H3_EV_RX_FRAME|H3_EV_RX_SETTINGS, h3c->qcc->conn);

	/* Work on a copy of <buf>. */
	b = b_make(b_orig(buf), b_size(buf), b_head_ofs(buf), len);

	while (b_data(&b)) {
		if (!b_quic_dec_int(&id, &b, &ret) || !b_quic_dec_int(&value, &b, &ret)) {
			h3c->err = H3_FRAME_ERROR;
			return -1;
		}

		h3_debug_printf(stderr, "%s id: %llu value: %llu\n",
		                __func__, (unsigned long long)id, (unsigned long long)value);

		/* draft-ietf-quic-http34 7.2.4. SETTINGS
		 *
		 * The same setting identifier MUST NOT occur more than once in the
		 * SETTINGS frame.  A receiver MAY treat the presence of duplicate
		 * setting identifiers as a connection error of type H3_SETTINGS_ERROR.
		 */

		/* Ignore duplicate check for ID too big used for GREASE. */
		if (id < sizeof(mask)) {
			if (ha_bit_test(id, &mask)) {
				h3c->err = H3_SETTINGS_ERROR;
				return -1;
			}
			ha_bit_set(id, &mask);
		}

		switch (id) {
		case H3_SETTINGS_QPACK_MAX_TABLE_CAPACITY:
			h3c->qpack_max_table_capacity = value;
			break;
		case H3_SETTINGS_MAX_FIELD_SECTION_SIZE:
			h3c->max_field_section_size = value;
			break;
		case H3_SETTINGS_QPACK_BLOCKED_STREAMS:
			h3c->qpack_blocked_streams = value;
			break;

		case H3_SETTINGS_RESERVED_0:
		case H3_SETTINGS_RESERVED_2:
		case H3_SETTINGS_RESERVED_3:
		case H3_SETTINGS_RESERVED_4:
		case H3_SETTINGS_RESERVED_5:
			/* draft-ietf-quic-http34 7.2.4.1. Defined SETTINGS Parameters
			 *
			 * Setting identifiers which were defined in [HTTP2] where there is no
			 * corresponding HTTP/3 setting have also been reserved
			 * (Section 11.2.2).  These reserved settings MUST NOT be sent, and
			 * their receipt MUST be treated as a connection error of type
			 * H3_SETTINGS_ERROR.
			 */
			h3c->err = H3_SETTINGS_ERROR;
			return -1;
		default:
			/* MUST be ignored */
			break;
		}
	}

	TRACE_LEAVE(H3_EV_RX_FRAME|H3_EV_RX_SETTINGS, h3c->qcc->conn);
	return ret;
}

/* Decode <qcs> remotely initiated bidi-stream. <fin> must be set to indicate
 * that we received the last data of the stream.
 *
 * Returns 0 on success else non-zero.
 */
static ssize_t h3_decode_qcs(struct qcs *qcs, struct buffer *b, int fin)
{
	struct h3s *h3s = qcs->ctx;
	struct h3c *h3c = h3s->h3c;
	ssize_t total = 0, ret;

	h3_debug_printf(stderr, "%s: STREAM ID: %lu\n", __func__, qcs->id);
	if (!b_data(b))
		return 0;

	if (quic_stream_is_uni(qcs->id) && !(h3s->flags & H3_SF_UNI_INIT)) {
		if ((ret = h3_init_uni_stream(h3c, qcs, b)) < 0)
			return -1;

		total += ret;
	}

	if (quic_stream_is_uni(qcs->id) && (h3s->flags & H3_SF_UNI_NO_H3)) {
		/* For non-h3 STREAM, parse it and return immediately. */
		if ((ret = h3_parse_uni_stream_no_h3(qcs, b, fin)) < 0)
			return -1;

		total += ret;
		return total;
	}

	/* RFC 9114 6.2.1. Control Streams
	 *
	 * The sender MUST NOT close the control stream, and the receiver MUST NOT
	 * request that the sender close the control stream.  If either control
	 * stream is closed at any point, this MUST be treated as a connection
	 * error of type H3_CLOSED_CRITICAL_STREAM.
	 */
	if (h3s->type == H3S_T_CTRL && fin) {
		qcc_emit_cc_app(qcs->qcc, H3_CLOSED_CRITICAL_STREAM, 1);
		return -1;
	}

	while (b_data(b) && !(qcs->flags & QC_SF_DEM_FULL)) {
		uint64_t ftype, flen;
		char last_stream_frame = 0;

		if (!h3s->demux_frame_len) {
			/* Switch to a new frame. */
			size_t hlen = h3_decode_frm_header(&ftype, &flen, b);
			if (!hlen)
				break;

			h3_debug_printf(stderr, "%s: ftype: %lu, flen: %lu\n",
			                __func__, ftype, flen);

			h3s->demux_frame_type = ftype;
			h3s->demux_frame_len = flen;
			total += hlen;

			/* Check that content-length is not exceeded on a new DATA frame. */
			if (ftype == H3_FT_DATA) {
				h3s->data_len += flen;
				if (h3s->flags & H3_SF_HAVE_CLEN && h3_check_body_size(qcs, fin)) {
					qcc_emit_cc_app(qcs->qcc, h3c->err, 1);
					return -1;
				}
			}

			if (!h3_is_frame_valid(h3c, qcs, ftype)) {
				qcc_emit_cc_app(qcs->qcc, H3_FRAME_UNEXPECTED, 1);
				return -1;
			}

			if (!b_data(b))
				break;
		}

		flen = h3s->demux_frame_len;
		ftype = h3s->demux_frame_type;

		/* Do not demux incomplete frames except H3 DATA which can be
		 * fragmented in multiple HTX blocks.
		 */
		if (flen > b_data(b) && ftype != H3_FT_DATA) {
			/* Reject frames bigger than bufsize.
			 *
			 * TODO HEADERS should in complement be limited with H3
			 * SETTINGS_MAX_FIELD_SECTION_SIZE parameter to prevent
			 * excessive decompressed size.
			 */
			if (flen > QC_S_RX_BUF_SZ) {
				qcc_emit_cc_app(qcs->qcc, H3_EXCESSIVE_LOAD, 1);
				return -1;
			}
			break;
		}

		/* Check content-length equality with DATA frames length on the last frame. */
		if (fin && h3s->flags & H3_SF_HAVE_CLEN && h3_check_body_size(qcs, fin)) {
			qcc_emit_cc_app(qcs->qcc, h3c->err, 1);
			return -1;
		}

		last_stream_frame = (fin && flen == b_data(b));

		h3_inc_frame_type_cnt(h3c->prx_counters, ftype);
		switch (ftype) {
		case H3_FT_DATA:
			ret = h3_data_to_htx(qcs, b, flen, last_stream_frame);
			/* TODO handle error reporting. Stream closure required. */
			if (ret < 0) { ABORT_NOW(); }
			h3s->st_req = H3S_ST_REQ_DATA;
			break;
		case H3_FT_HEADERS:
			ret = h3_headers_to_htx(qcs, b, flen, last_stream_frame);
			if (ret < 0) {
				/* TODO for some error, it may be preferable to
				 * only close the stream once RESET_STREAM is
				 * supported.
				 */
				qcc_emit_cc_app(qcs->qcc, h3c->err, 1);
				return -1;
			}
			h3s->st_req = (h3s->st_req == H3S_ST_REQ_BEFORE) ?
			                H3S_ST_REQ_HEADERS : H3S_ST_REQ_TRAILERS;
			break;
		case H3_FT_CANCEL_PUSH:
		case H3_FT_PUSH_PROMISE:
		case H3_FT_MAX_PUSH_ID:
		case H3_FT_GOAWAY:
			/* Not supported */
			ret = flen;
			break;
		case H3_FT_SETTINGS:
			ret = h3_parse_settings_frm(qcs->qcc->ctx, b, flen);
			if (ret < 0) {
				qcc_emit_cc_app(qcs->qcc, h3c->err, 1);
				return -1;
			}
			h3c->flags |= H3_CF_SETTINGS_RECV;
			break;
		default:
			/* draft-ietf-quic-http34 9. Extensions to HTTP/3
			 *
			 * Implementations MUST discard frames [...] that have unknown
			 * or unsupported types.
			 */
			h3_debug_printf(stderr, "ignore unknown frame type 0x%lx\n", ftype);
			ret = flen;
			break;
		}

		if (ret) {
			BUG_ON(h3s->demux_frame_len < ret);
			h3s->demux_frame_len -= ret;
			b_del(b, ret);
			total += ret;
		}
	}

	/* TODO may be useful to wakeup the MUX if blocked due to full buffer.
	 * However, currently, io-cb of MUX does not handle Rx.
	 */

	return total;
}

/* Returns buffer for data sending.
 * May be NULL if the allocation failed.
 */
static struct buffer *mux_get_buf(struct qcs *qcs)
{
	if (!b_size(&qcs->tx.buf))
		b_alloc(&qcs->tx.buf);

	return &qcs->tx.buf;
}

/* Function used to emit stream data from <qcs> control uni-stream */
static int h3_control_send(struct qcs *qcs, void *ctx)
{
	int ret;
	struct h3c *h3c = ctx;
	unsigned char data[(2 + 3) * 2 * QUIC_VARINT_MAX_SIZE]; /* enough for 3 settings */
	struct buffer pos, *res;
	size_t frm_len;

	TRACE_ENTER(H3_EV_TX_SETTINGS, qcs->qcc->conn, qcs);

	BUG_ON_HOT(h3c->flags & H3_CF_SETTINGS_SENT);

	ret = 0;
	pos = b_make((char *)data, sizeof(data), 0, 0);

	frm_len = quic_int_getsize(H3_SETTINGS_QPACK_MAX_TABLE_CAPACITY) +
		quic_int_getsize(h3_settings_qpack_max_table_capacity) +
		quic_int_getsize(H3_SETTINGS_QPACK_BLOCKED_STREAMS) +
		quic_int_getsize(h3_settings_qpack_blocked_streams);
	if (h3_settings_max_field_section_size) {
		frm_len += quic_int_getsize(H3_SETTINGS_MAX_FIELD_SECTION_SIZE) +
		quic_int_getsize(h3_settings_max_field_section_size);
	}

	b_quic_enc_int(&pos, H3_UNI_S_T_CTRL);
	/* Build a SETTINGS frame */
	b_quic_enc_int(&pos, H3_FT_SETTINGS);
	b_quic_enc_int(&pos, frm_len);
	b_quic_enc_int(&pos, H3_SETTINGS_QPACK_MAX_TABLE_CAPACITY);
	b_quic_enc_int(&pos, h3_settings_qpack_max_table_capacity);
	b_quic_enc_int(&pos, H3_SETTINGS_QPACK_BLOCKED_STREAMS);
	b_quic_enc_int(&pos, h3_settings_qpack_blocked_streams);
	if (h3_settings_max_field_section_size) {
		b_quic_enc_int(&pos, H3_SETTINGS_MAX_FIELD_SECTION_SIZE);
		b_quic_enc_int(&pos, h3_settings_max_field_section_size);
	}

	res = mux_get_buf(qcs);
	if (b_room(res) < b_data(&pos)) {
		// TODO the mux should be put in blocked state, with
		// the stream in state waiting for settings to be sent
		ABORT_NOW();
	}

	ret = b_force_xfer(res, &pos, b_data(&pos));
	if (ret > 0)
		h3c->flags |= H3_CF_SETTINGS_SENT;

	TRACE_LEAVE(H3_EV_TX_SETTINGS, qcs->qcc->conn, qcs);
	return ret;
}

static int h3_resp_headers_send(struct qcs *qcs, struct htx *htx)
{
	struct buffer outbuf;
	struct buffer headers_buf = BUF_NULL;
	struct buffer *res;
	struct http_hdr list[global.tune.max_http_hdr];
	struct htx_sl *sl;
	struct htx_blk *blk;
	enum htx_blk_type type;
	int frame_length_size;  /* size in bytes of frame length varint field */
	int ret = 0;
	int hdr;
	int status = 0;

	TRACE_ENTER(H3_EV_TX_HDR, qcs->qcc->conn, qcs);

	sl = NULL;
	hdr = 0;
	for (blk = htx_get_head_blk(htx); blk; blk = htx_get_next_blk(htx, blk)) {
		type = htx_get_blk_type(blk);

		if (type == HTX_BLK_UNUSED)
			continue;

		if (type == HTX_BLK_EOH)
			break;

		if (type == HTX_BLK_RES_SL) {
			/* start-line -> HEADERS h3 frame */
			BUG_ON(sl);
			sl = htx_get_blk_ptr(htx, blk);
			/* TODO should be on h3 layer */
			status = sl->info.res.status;
		}
		else if (type == HTX_BLK_HDR) {
			if (unlikely(hdr >= sizeof(list) / sizeof(list[0]) - 1))
				goto err;
			list[hdr].n = htx_get_blk_name(htx, blk);
			list[hdr].v = htx_get_blk_value(htx, blk);
			hdr++;
		}
		else {
			ABORT_NOW();
			goto err;
		}
	}

	BUG_ON(!sl);

	list[hdr].n = ist("");

	res = mux_get_buf(qcs);

	/* At least 5 bytes to store frame type + length as a varint max size */
	if (b_room(res) < 5)
		ABORT_NOW();

	b_reset(&outbuf);
	outbuf = b_make(b_tail(res), b_contig_space(res), 0, 0);
	/* Start the headers after frame type + length */
	headers_buf = b_make(b_head(res) + 5, b_size(res) - 5, 0, 0);

	if (qpack_encode_field_section_line(&headers_buf))
		ABORT_NOW();
	if (qpack_encode_int_status(&headers_buf, status))
		ABORT_NOW();

	for (hdr = 0; hdr < sizeof(list) / sizeof(list[0]); ++hdr) {
		if (isteq(list[hdr].n, ist("")))
			break;

		/* draft-ietf-quic-http34 4.1. HTTP Message Exchanges
		 * Transfer codings (see Section 6.1 of [HTTP11]) are not
		 * defined for HTTP/3; the Transfer-Encoding header field MUST
		 * NOT be used.
		 */
		if (isteq(list[hdr].n, ist("transfer-encoding")))
			continue;

		if (qpack_encode_header(&headers_buf, list[hdr].n, list[hdr].v))
			ABORT_NOW();
	}

	/* Now that all headers are encoded, we are certain that res buffer is
	 * big enough
	 */
	frame_length_size = quic_int_getsize(b_data(&headers_buf));
	res->head += 4 - frame_length_size;
	b_putchr(res, 0x01); /* h3 HEADERS frame type */
	if (!b_quic_enc_int(res, b_data(&headers_buf)))
		ABORT_NOW();
	b_add(res, b_data(&headers_buf));

	ret = 0;
	blk = htx_get_head_blk(htx);
	while (blk) {
		type = htx_get_blk_type(blk);
		ret += htx_get_blksz(blk);
		blk = htx_remove_blk(htx, blk);
		if (type == HTX_BLK_EOH)
			break;
	}

	TRACE_LEAVE(H3_EV_TX_HDR, qcs->qcc->conn, qcs);
	return ret;

 err:
	TRACE_DEVEL("leaving on error", H3_EV_TX_HDR, qcs->qcc->conn, qcs);
	return 0;
}

/* Returns the total of bytes sent. */
static int h3_resp_data_send(struct qcs *qcs, struct htx *htx, size_t count)
{
	struct buffer outbuf;
	struct buffer *res;
	size_t total = 0;
	int bsize, fsize, hsize;
	struct htx_blk *blk;
	enum htx_blk_type type;

	TRACE_ENTER(H3_EV_TX_DATA, qcs->qcc->conn, qcs);

 new_frame:
	if (!count || htx_is_empty(htx))
		goto end;

	blk = htx_get_head_blk(htx);
	type = htx_get_blk_type(blk);
	fsize = bsize = htx_get_blksz(blk);

	if (type != HTX_BLK_DATA)
		goto end;

	res = mux_get_buf(qcs);

	if (fsize > count)
		fsize = count;

	/* h3 DATA headers : 1-byte frame type + varint frame length */
	hsize = 1 + QUIC_VARINT_MAX_SIZE;

	while (1) {
		b_reset(&outbuf);
		outbuf = b_make(b_tail(res), b_contig_space(res), 0, 0);
		if (b_size(&outbuf) > hsize || !b_space_wraps(res))
			break;
		b_slow_realign(res, trash.area, b_data(res));
	}

	/* Not enough room for headers and at least one data byte, block the
	 * stream. It is expected that the stream connector layer will subscribe
	 * on SEND.
	 */
	if (b_size(&outbuf) <= hsize) {
		qcs->flags |= QC_SF_BLK_MROOM;
		goto end;
	}

	if (b_size(&outbuf) < hsize + fsize)
		fsize = b_size(&outbuf) - hsize;
	BUG_ON(fsize <= 0);

	b_putchr(&outbuf, 0x00);        /* h3 frame type = DATA */
	b_quic_enc_int(&outbuf, fsize); /* h3 frame length */

	b_putblk(&outbuf, htx_get_blk_ptr(htx, blk), fsize);
	total += fsize;
	count -= fsize;

	if (fsize == bsize)
		htx_remove_blk(htx, blk);
	else
		htx_cut_data_blk(htx, blk, fsize);

	/* commit the buffer */
	b_add(res, b_data(&outbuf));
	goto new_frame;

 end:
	TRACE_LEAVE(H3_EV_TX_DATA, qcs->qcc->conn, qcs);
	return total;
}

static size_t h3_snd_buf(struct qcs *qcs, struct htx *htx, size_t count)
{
	size_t total = 0;
	enum htx_blk_type btype;
	struct htx_blk *blk;
	uint32_t bsize;
	int32_t idx;
	int ret;

	h3_debug_printf(stderr, "%s\n", __func__);

	while (count && !htx_is_empty(htx) && !(qcs->flags & QC_SF_BLK_MROOM)) {
		idx = htx_get_head(htx);
		blk = htx_get_blk(htx, idx);
		btype = htx_get_blk_type(blk);
		bsize = htx_get_blksz(blk);

		/* Not implemented : QUIC on backend side */
		BUG_ON(btype == HTX_BLK_REQ_SL);

		switch (btype) {
		case HTX_BLK_RES_SL:
			/* start-line -> HEADERS h3 frame */
			ret = h3_resp_headers_send(qcs, htx);
			if (ret > 0) {
				total += ret;
				count -= ret;
				if (ret < bsize)
					goto out;
			}
			break;

		case HTX_BLK_DATA:
			ret = h3_resp_data_send(qcs, htx, count);
			if (ret > 0) {
				total += ret;
				count -= ret;
				if (ret < bsize)
					goto out;
			}
			break;

		case HTX_BLK_TLR:
		case HTX_BLK_EOT:
			/* TODO trailers */

		default:
			htx_remove_blk(htx, blk);
			total += bsize;
			count -= bsize;
			break;
		}
	}

 out:
	return total;
}

static int h3_attach(struct qcs *qcs, void *conn_ctx)
{
	struct h3s *h3s;

	TRACE_ENTER(H3_EV_H3S_NEW, qcs->qcc->conn, qcs);

	h3s = pool_alloc(pool_head_h3s);
	if (!h3s)
		return 1;

	qcs->ctx = h3s;
	h3s->h3c = conn_ctx;

	h3s->demux_frame_len = 0;
	h3s->demux_frame_type = 0;
	h3s->body_len = 0;
	h3s->data_len = 0;
	h3s->flags = 0;

	if (quic_stream_is_bidi(qcs->id)) {
		h3s->type = H3S_T_REQ;
		h3s->st_req = H3S_ST_REQ_BEFORE;
		qcs_wait_http_req(qcs);
	}
	else {
		/* stream type must be decoded for unidirectional streams */
		h3s->type = H3S_T_UNKNOWN;
	}

	TRACE_LEAVE(H3_EV_H3S_NEW, qcs->qcc->conn, qcs);
	return 0;
}

static void h3_detach(struct qcs *qcs)
{
	struct h3s *h3s = qcs->ctx;

	TRACE_ENTER(H3_EV_H3S_END, qcs->qcc->conn, qcs);

	pool_free(pool_head_h3s, h3s);
	qcs->ctx = NULL;

	TRACE_LEAVE(H3_EV_H3S_END, qcs->qcc->conn, qcs);
}

static int h3_finalize(void *ctx)
{
	struct h3c *h3c = ctx;
	struct qcs *qcs;

	qcs = qcc_init_stream_local(h3c->qcc, 0);
	if (!qcs)
		return 0;

	h3_control_send(qcs, h3c);
	h3c->ctrl_strm = qcs;

	return 1;
}

/* Generate a GOAWAY frame for <h3c> connection on the control stream.
 *
 * Returns 0 on success else non-zero.
 */
static int h3_send_goaway(struct h3c *h3c)
{
	struct qcs *qcs = h3c->ctrl_strm;
	struct buffer pos, *res;
	unsigned char data[3 * QUIC_VARINT_MAX_SIZE];
	size_t frm_len = quic_int_getsize(h3c->id_goaway);

	if (!qcs)
		return 1;

	pos = b_make((char *)data, sizeof(data), 0, 0);

	b_quic_enc_int(&pos, H3_FT_GOAWAY);
	b_quic_enc_int(&pos, frm_len);
	b_quic_enc_int(&pos, h3c->id_goaway);

	res = mux_get_buf(qcs);
	if (!res || b_room(res) < b_data(&pos)) {
		/* Do not try forcefully to emit GOAWAY if no space left. */
		return 1;
	}

	b_force_xfer(res, &pos, b_data(&pos));

	return 0;
}

/* Initialize the HTTP/3 context for <qcc> mux.
 * Return 1 if succeeded, 0 if not.
 */
static int h3_init(struct qcc *qcc)
{
	struct h3c *h3c;
	struct quic_conn *qc = qcc->conn->handle.qc;

	h3c = pool_alloc(pool_head_h3c);
	if (!h3c)
		goto fail_no_h3;

	h3c->qcc = qcc;
	h3c->ctrl_strm = NULL;
	h3c->err = H3_NO_ERROR;
	h3c->flags = 0;
	h3c->id_goaway = 0;

	qcc->ctx = h3c;
	/* TODO cleanup only ref to quic_conn */
	h3c->prx_counters =
		EXTRA_COUNTERS_GET(qc->li->bind_conf->frontend->extra_counters_fe,
		                   &h3_stats_module);
	LIST_INIT(&h3c->buf_wait.list);

	return 1;

 fail_no_h3:
	return 0;
}

/* Send a HTTP/3 GOAWAY followed by a CONNECTION_CLOSE_APP. */
static void h3_shutdown(void *ctx)
{
	struct h3c *h3c = ctx;

	/* RFC 9114 5.2. Connection Shutdown
	 *
	 * Even when a connection is not idle, either endpoint can decide to
	 * stop using the connection and initiate a graceful connection close.
	 * Endpoints initiate the graceful shutdown of an HTTP/3 connection by
	 * sending a GOAWAY frame.
	 */
	h3_send_goaway(h3c);

	/* RFC 9114 5.2. Connection Shutdown
	 *
	 * An endpoint that completes a
	 * graceful shutdown SHOULD use the H3_NO_ERROR error code when closing
	 * the connection.
	 */
	qcc_emit_cc_app(h3c->qcc, H3_NO_ERROR, 0);
}

static void h3_release(void *ctx)
{
	struct h3c *h3c = ctx;
	pool_free(pool_head_h3c, h3c);
}

/* Increment the h3 error code counters for <error_code> value */
static void h3_stats_inc_err_cnt(void *ctx, int err_code)
{
	struct h3c *h3c = ctx;

	h3_inc_err_cnt(h3c->prx_counters, err_code);
}

/* h3 trace handler */
static void h3_trace(enum trace_level level, uint64_t mask,
                     const struct trace_source *src,
                     const struct ist where, const struct ist func,
                     const void *a1, const void *a2, const void *a3, const void *a4)
{
	const struct connection *conn = a1;
	const struct qcc *qcc   = conn ? conn->ctx : NULL;
	const struct qcs *qcs   = a2;

	if (!qcc)
		return;

	if (src->verbosity > H3_VERB_CLEAN) {
		chunk_appendf(&trace_buf, " : qcc=%p(F)", qcc);
		if (qcc->conn->handle.qc)
			chunk_appendf(&trace_buf, " qc=%p", qcc->conn->handle.qc);

		if (qcs)
			chunk_appendf(&trace_buf, " qcs=%p(%llu)", qcs, (ull)qcs->id);
	}
}

/* HTTP/3 application layer operations */
const struct qcc_app_ops h3_ops = {
	.init        = h3_init,
	.attach      = h3_attach,
	.decode_qcs  = h3_decode_qcs,
	.snd_buf     = h3_snd_buf,
	.detach      = h3_detach,
	.finalize    = h3_finalize,
	.shutdown    = h3_shutdown,
	.inc_err_cnt = h3_stats_inc_err_cnt,
	.release     = h3_release,
};