| ---------------------- |
| HAProxy |
| Configuration Manual |
| ---------------------- |
| version 1.6 |
| willy tarreau |
| 2015/03/11 |
| |
| |
| This document covers the configuration language as implemented in the version |
| specified above. It does not provide any hint, example or advice. For such |
| documentation, please refer to the Reference Manual or the Architecture Manual. |
| The summary below is meant to help you search sections by name and navigate |
| through the document. |
| |
| Note to documentation contributors : |
| This document is formatted with 80 columns per line, with even number of |
| spaces for indentation and without tabs. Please follow these rules strictly |
| so that it remains easily printable everywhere. If a line needs to be |
| printed verbatim and does not fit, please end each line with a backslash |
| ('\') and continue on next line, indented by two characters. It is also |
| sometimes useful to prefix all output lines (logs, console outs) with 3 |
| closing angle brackets ('>>>') in order to help get the difference between |
| inputs and outputs when it can become ambiguous. If you add sections, |
| please update the summary below for easier searching. |
| |
| |
| Summary |
| ------- |
| |
| 1. Quick reminder about HTTP |
| 1.1. The HTTP transaction model |
| 1.2. HTTP request |
| 1.2.1. The Request line |
| 1.2.2. The request headers |
| 1.3. HTTP response |
| 1.3.1. The Response line |
| 1.3.2. The response headers |
| |
| 2. Configuring HAProxy |
| 2.1. Configuration file format |
| 2.2. Time format |
| 2.3. Examples |
| |
| 3. Global parameters |
| 3.1. Process management and security |
| 3.2. Performance tuning |
| 3.3. Debugging |
| 3.4. Userlists |
| 3.5. Peers |
| |
| 4. Proxies |
| 4.1. Proxy keywords matrix |
| 4.2. Alphabetically sorted keywords reference |
| |
| 5. Bind and Server options |
| 5.1. Bind options |
| 5.2. Server and default-server options |
| |
| 6. HTTP header manipulation |
| |
| 7. Using ACLs and fetching samples |
| 7.1. ACL basics |
| 7.1.1. Matching booleans |
| 7.1.2. Matching integers |
| 7.1.3. Matching strings |
| 7.1.4. Matching regular expressions (regexes) |
| 7.1.5. Matching arbitrary data blocks |
| 7.1.6. Matching IPv4 and IPv6 addresses |
| 7.2. Using ACLs to form conditions |
| 7.3. Fetching samples |
| 7.3.1. Converters |
| 7.3.2. Fetching samples from internal states |
| 7.3.3. Fetching samples at Layer 4 |
| 7.3.4. Fetching samples at Layer 5 |
| 7.3.5. Fetching samples from buffer contents (Layer 6) |
| 7.3.6. Fetching HTTP samples (Layer 7) |
| 7.4. Pre-defined ACLs |
| |
| 8. Logging |
| 8.1. Log levels |
| 8.2. Log formats |
| 8.2.1. Default log format |
| 8.2.2. TCP log format |
| 8.2.3. HTTP log format |
| 8.2.4. Custom log format |
| 8.2.5. Error log format |
| 8.3. Advanced logging options |
| 8.3.1. Disabling logging of external tests |
| 8.3.2. Logging before waiting for the session to terminate |
| 8.3.3. Raising log level upon errors |
| 8.3.4. Disabling logging of successful connections |
| 8.4. Timing events |
| 8.5. Session state at disconnection |
| 8.6. Non-printable characters |
| 8.7. Capturing HTTP cookies |
| 8.8. Capturing HTTP headers |
| 8.9. Examples of logs |
| |
| 9. Statistics and monitoring |
| 9.1. CSV format |
| 9.2. Unix Socket commands |
| |
| |
| 1. Quick reminder about HTTP |
| ---------------------------- |
| |
| When haproxy is running in HTTP mode, both the request and the response are |
| fully analyzed and indexed, thus it becomes possible to build matching criteria |
| on almost anything found in the contents. |
| |
| However, it is important to understand how HTTP requests and responses are |
| formed, and how HAProxy decomposes them. It will then become easier to write |
| correct rules and to debug existing configurations. |
| |
| |
| 1.1. The HTTP transaction model |
| ------------------------------- |
| |
| The HTTP protocol is transaction-driven. This means that each request will lead |
| to one and only one response. Traditionally, a TCP connection is established |
| from the client to the server, a request is sent by the client on the |
| connection, the server responds and the connection is closed. A new request |
| will involve a new connection : |
| |
| [CON1] [REQ1] ... [RESP1] [CLO1] [CON2] [REQ2] ... [RESP2] [CLO2] ... |
| |
| In this mode, called the "HTTP close" mode, there are as many connection |
| establishments as there are HTTP transactions. Since the connection is closed |
| by the server after the response, the client does not need to know the content |
| length. |
| |
| Due to the transactional nature of the protocol, it was possible to improve it |
| to avoid closing a connection between two subsequent transactions. In this mode |
| however, it is mandatory that the server indicates the content length for each |
| response so that the client does not wait indefinitely. For this, a special |
| header is used: "Content-length". This mode is called the "keep-alive" mode : |
| |
| [CON] [REQ1] ... [RESP1] [REQ2] ... [RESP2] [CLO] ... |
| |
| Its advantages are a reduced latency between transactions, and less processing |
| power required on the server side. It is generally better than the close mode, |
| but not always because the clients often limit their concurrent connections to |
| a smaller value. |
| |
| A last improvement in the communications is the pipelining mode. It still uses |
| keep-alive, but the client does not wait for the first response to send the |
| second request. This is useful for fetching large number of images composing a |
| page : |
| |
| [CON] [REQ1] [REQ2] ... [RESP1] [RESP2] [CLO] ... |
| |
| This can obviously have a tremendous benefit on performance because the network |
| latency is eliminated between subsequent requests. Many HTTP agents do not |
| correctly support pipelining since there is no way to associate a response with |
| the corresponding request in HTTP. For this reason, it is mandatory for the |
| server to reply in the exact same order as the requests were received. |
| |
| By default HAProxy operates in keep-alive mode with regards to persistent |
| connections: for each connection it processes each request and response, and |
| leaves the connection idle on both sides between the end of a response and the |
| start of a new request. |
| |
| HAProxy supports 5 connection modes : |
| - keep alive : all requests and responses are processed (default) |
| - tunnel : only the first request and response are processed, |
| everything else is forwarded with no analysis. |
| - passive close : tunnel with "Connection: close" added in both directions. |
| - server close : the server-facing connection is closed after the response. |
| - forced close : the connection is actively closed after end of response. |
| |
| |
| 1.2. HTTP request |
| ----------------- |
| |
| First, let's consider this HTTP request : |
| |
| Line Contents |
| number |
| 1 GET /serv/login.php?lang=en&profile=2 HTTP/1.1 |
| 2 Host: www.mydomain.com |
| 3 User-agent: my small browser |
| 4 Accept: image/jpeg, image/gif |
| 5 Accept: image/png |
| |
| |
| 1.2.1. The Request line |
| ----------------------- |
| |
| Line 1 is the "request line". It is always composed of 3 fields : |
| |
| - a METHOD : GET |
| - a URI : /serv/login.php?lang=en&profile=2 |
| - a version tag : HTTP/1.1 |
| |
| All of them are delimited by what the standard calls LWS (linear white spaces), |
| which are commonly spaces, but can also be tabs or line feeds/carriage returns |
| followed by spaces/tabs. The method itself cannot contain any colon (':') and |
| is limited to alphabetic letters. All those various combinations make it |
| desirable that HAProxy performs the splitting itself rather than leaving it to |
| the user to write a complex or inaccurate regular expression. |
| |
| The URI itself can have several forms : |
| |
| - A "relative URI" : |
| |
| /serv/login.php?lang=en&profile=2 |
| |
| It is a complete URL without the host part. This is generally what is |
| received by servers, reverse proxies and transparent proxies. |
| |
| - An "absolute URI", also called a "URL" : |
| |
| http://192.168.0.12:8080/serv/login.php?lang=en&profile=2 |
| |
| It is composed of a "scheme" (the protocol name followed by '://'), a host |
| name or address, optionally a colon (':') followed by a port number, then |
| a relative URI beginning at the first slash ('/') after the address part. |
| This is generally what proxies receive, but a server supporting HTTP/1.1 |
| must accept this form too. |
| |
| - a star ('*') : this form is only accepted in association with the OPTIONS |
| method and is not relayable. It is used to inquiry a next hop's |
| capabilities. |
| |
| - an address:port combination : 192.168.0.12:80 |
| This is used with the CONNECT method, which is used to establish TCP |
| tunnels through HTTP proxies, generally for HTTPS, but sometimes for |
| other protocols too. |
| |
| In a relative URI, two sub-parts are identified. The part before the question |
| mark is called the "path". It is typically the relative path to static objects |
| on the server. The part after the question mark is called the "query string". |
| It is mostly used with GET requests sent to dynamic scripts and is very |
| specific to the language, framework or application in use. |
| |
| |
| 1.2.2. The request headers |
| -------------------------- |
| |
| The headers start at the second line. They are composed of a name at the |
| beginning of the line, immediately followed by a colon (':'). Traditionally, |
| an LWS is added after the colon but that's not required. Then come the values. |
| Multiple identical headers may be folded into one single line, delimiting the |
| values with commas, provided that their order is respected. This is commonly |
| encountered in the "Cookie:" field. A header may span over multiple lines if |
| the subsequent lines begin with an LWS. In the example in 1.2, lines 4 and 5 |
| define a total of 3 values for the "Accept:" header. |
| |
| Contrary to a common mis-conception, header names are not case-sensitive, and |
| their values are not either if they refer to other header names (such as the |
| "Connection:" header). |
| |
| The end of the headers is indicated by the first empty line. People often say |
| that it's a double line feed, which is not exact, even if a double line feed |
| is one valid form of empty line. |
| |
| Fortunately, HAProxy takes care of all these complex combinations when indexing |
| headers, checking values and counting them, so there is no reason to worry |
| about the way they could be written, but it is important not to accuse an |
| application of being buggy if it does unusual, valid things. |
| |
| Important note: |
| As suggested by RFC2616, HAProxy normalizes headers by replacing line breaks |
| in the middle of headers by LWS in order to join multi-line headers. This |
| is necessary for proper analysis and helps less capable HTTP parsers to work |
| correctly and not to be fooled by such complex constructs. |
| |
| |
| 1.3. HTTP response |
| ------------------ |
| |
| An HTTP response looks very much like an HTTP request. Both are called HTTP |
| messages. Let's consider this HTTP response : |
| |
| Line Contents |
| number |
| 1 HTTP/1.1 200 OK |
| 2 Content-length: 350 |
| 3 Content-Type: text/html |
| |
| As a special case, HTTP supports so called "Informational responses" as status |
| codes 1xx. These messages are special in that they don't convey any part of the |
| response, they're just used as sort of a signaling message to ask a client to |
| continue to post its request for instance. In the case of a status 100 response |
| the requested information will be carried by the next non-100 response message |
| following the informational one. This implies that multiple responses may be |
| sent to a single request, and that this only works when keep-alive is enabled |
| (1xx messages are HTTP/1.1 only). HAProxy handles these messages and is able to |
| correctly forward and skip them, and only process the next non-100 response. As |
| such, these messages are neither logged nor transformed, unless explicitly |
| state otherwise. Status 101 messages indicate that the protocol is changing |
| over the same connection and that haproxy must switch to tunnel mode, just as |
| if a CONNECT had occurred. Then the Upgrade header would contain additional |
| information about the type of protocol the connection is switching to. |
| |
| |
| 1.3.1. The Response line |
| ------------------------ |
| |
| Line 1 is the "response line". It is always composed of 3 fields : |
| |
| - a version tag : HTTP/1.1 |
| - a status code : 200 |
| - a reason : OK |
| |
| The status code is always 3-digit. The first digit indicates a general status : |
| - 1xx = informational message to be skipped (eg: 100, 101) |
| - 2xx = OK, content is following (eg: 200, 206) |
| - 3xx = OK, no content following (eg: 302, 304) |
| - 4xx = error caused by the client (eg: 401, 403, 404) |
| - 5xx = error caused by the server (eg: 500, 502, 503) |
| |
| Please refer to RFC2616 for the detailed meaning of all such codes. The |
| "reason" field is just a hint, but is not parsed by clients. Anything can be |
| found there, but it's a common practice to respect the well-established |
| messages. It can be composed of one or multiple words, such as "OK", "Found", |
| or "Authentication Required". |
| |
| Haproxy may emit the following status codes by itself : |
| |
| Code When / reason |
| 200 access to stats page, and when replying to monitoring requests |
| 301 when performing a redirection, depending on the configured code |
| 302 when performing a redirection, depending on the configured code |
| 303 when performing a redirection, depending on the configured code |
| 307 when performing a redirection, depending on the configured code |
| 308 when performing a redirection, depending on the configured code |
| 400 for an invalid or too large request |
| 401 when an authentication is required to perform the action (when |
| accessing the stats page) |
| 403 when a request is forbidden by a "block" ACL or "reqdeny" filter |
| 408 when the request timeout strikes before the request is complete |
| 500 when haproxy encounters an unrecoverable internal error, such as a |
| memory allocation failure, which should never happen |
| 502 when the server returns an empty, invalid or incomplete response, or |
| when an "rspdeny" filter blocks the response. |
| 503 when no server was available to handle the request, or in response to |
| monitoring requests which match the "monitor fail" condition |
| 504 when the response timeout strikes before the server responds |
| |
| The error 4xx and 5xx codes above may be customized (see "errorloc" in section |
| 4.2). |
| |
| |
| 1.3.2. The response headers |
| --------------------------- |
| |
| Response headers work exactly like request headers, and as such, HAProxy uses |
| the same parsing function for both. Please refer to paragraph 1.2.2 for more |
| details. |
| |
| |
| 2. Configuring HAProxy |
| ---------------------- |
| |
| 2.1. Configuration file format |
| ------------------------------ |
| |
| HAProxy's configuration process involves 3 major sources of parameters : |
| |
| - the arguments from the command-line, which always take precedence |
| - the "global" section, which sets process-wide parameters |
| - the proxies sections which can take form of "defaults", "listen", |
| "frontend" and "backend". |
| |
| The configuration file syntax consists in lines beginning with a keyword |
| referenced in this manual, optionally followed by one or several parameters |
| delimited by spaces. If spaces have to be entered in strings, then they must be |
| preceded by a backslash ('\') to be escaped. Backslashes also have to be |
| escaped by doubling them. |
| |
| |
| 2.2. Time format |
| ---------------- |
| |
| Some parameters involve values representing time, such as timeouts. These |
| values are generally expressed in milliseconds (unless explicitly stated |
| otherwise) but may be expressed in any other unit by suffixing the unit to the |
| numeric value. It is important to consider this because it will not be repeated |
| for every keyword. Supported units are : |
| |
| - us : microseconds. 1 microsecond = 1/1000000 second |
| - ms : milliseconds. 1 millisecond = 1/1000 second. This is the default. |
| - s : seconds. 1s = 1000ms |
| - m : minutes. 1m = 60s = 60000ms |
| - h : hours. 1h = 60m = 3600s = 3600000ms |
| - d : days. 1d = 24h = 1440m = 86400s = 86400000ms |
| |
| |
| 2.3. Examples |
| ------------- |
| |
| # Simple configuration for an HTTP proxy listening on port 80 on all |
| # interfaces and forwarding requests to a single backend "servers" with a |
| # single server "server1" listening on 127.0.0.1:8000 |
| global |
| daemon |
| maxconn 256 |
| |
| defaults |
| mode http |
| timeout connect 5000ms |
| timeout client 50000ms |
| timeout server 50000ms |
| |
| frontend http-in |
| bind *:80 |
| default_backend servers |
| |
| backend servers |
| server server1 127.0.0.1:8000 maxconn 32 |
| |
| |
| # The same configuration defined with a single listen block. Shorter but |
| # less expressive, especially in HTTP mode. |
| global |
| daemon |
| maxconn 256 |
| |
| defaults |
| mode http |
| timeout connect 5000ms |
| timeout client 50000ms |
| timeout server 50000ms |
| |
| listen http-in |
| bind *:80 |
| server server1 127.0.0.1:8000 maxconn 32 |
| |
| |
| Assuming haproxy is in $PATH, test these configurations in a shell with: |
| |
| $ sudo haproxy -f configuration.conf -c |
| |
| |
| 3. Global parameters |
| -------------------- |
| |
| Parameters in the "global" section are process-wide and often OS-specific. They |
| are generally set once for all and do not need being changed once correct. Some |
| of them have command-line equivalents. |
| |
| The following keywords are supported in the "global" section : |
| |
| * Process management and security |
| - ca-base |
| - chroot |
| - crt-base |
| - daemon |
| - external-check |
| - gid |
| - group |
| - log |
| - log-send-hostname |
| - nbproc |
| - pidfile |
| - uid |
| - ulimit-n |
| - user |
| - stats |
| - ssl-server-verify |
| - node |
| - description |
| - unix-bind |
| |
| * Performance tuning |
| - max-spread-checks |
| - maxconn |
| - maxconnrate |
| - maxcomprate |
| - maxcompcpuusage |
| - maxpipes |
| - maxsessrate |
| - maxsslconn |
| - maxsslrate |
| - noepoll |
| - nokqueue |
| - nopoll |
| - nosplice |
| - nogetaddrinfo |
| - spread-checks |
| - tune.bufsize |
| - tune.chksize |
| - tune.comp.maxlevel |
| - tune.http.cookielen |
| - tune.http.maxhdr |
| - tune.idletimer |
| - tune.lua.forced-yield |
| - tune.lua.maxmem |
| - tune.lua.session-timeout |
| - tune.lua.task-timeout |
| - tune.maxaccept |
| - tune.maxpollevents |
| - tune.maxrewrite |
| - tune.pipesize |
| - tune.rcvbuf.client |
| - tune.rcvbuf.server |
| - tune.sndbuf.client |
| - tune.sndbuf.server |
| - tune.ssl.cachesize |
| - tune.ssl.lifetime |
| - tune.ssl.force-private-cache |
| - tune.ssl.maxrecord |
| - tune.ssl.default-dh-param |
| - tune.zlib.memlevel |
| - tune.zlib.windowsize |
| |
| * Debugging |
| - debug |
| - quiet |
| |
| |
| 3.1. Process management and security |
| ------------------------------------ |
| |
| ca-base <dir> |
| Assigns a default directory to fetch SSL CA certificates and CRLs from when a |
| relative path is used with "ca-file" or "crl-file" directives. Absolute |
| locations specified in "ca-file" and "crl-file" prevail and ignore "ca-base". |
| |
| chroot <jail dir> |
| Changes current directory to <jail dir> and performs a chroot() there before |
| dropping privileges. This increases the security level in case an unknown |
| vulnerability would be exploited, since it would make it very hard for the |
| attacker to exploit the system. This only works when the process is started |
| with superuser privileges. It is important to ensure that <jail_dir> is both |
| empty and unwritable to anyone. |
| |
| cpu-map <"all"|"odd"|"even"|process_num> <cpu-set>... |
| On Linux 2.6 and above, it is possible to bind a process to a specific CPU |
| set. This means that the process will never run on other CPUs. The "cpu-map" |
| directive specifies CPU sets for process sets. The first argument is the |
| process number to bind. This process must have a number between 1 and 32 or |
| 64, depending on the machine's word size, and any process IDs above nbproc |
| are ignored. It is possible to specify all processes at once using "all", |
| only odd numbers using "odd" or even numbers using "even", just like with the |
| "bind-process" directive. The second and forthcoming arguments are CPU sets. |
| Each CPU set is either a unique number between 0 and 31 or 63 or a range with |
| two such numbers delimited by a dash ('-'). Multiple CPU numbers or ranges |
| may be specified, and the processes will be allowed to bind to all of them. |
| Obviously, multiple "cpu-map" directives may be specified. Each "cpu-map" |
| directive will replace the previous ones when they overlap. |
| |
| crt-base <dir> |
| Assigns a default directory to fetch SSL certificates from when a relative |
| path is used with "crtfile" directives. Absolute locations specified after |
| "crtfile" prevail and ignore "crt-base". |
| |
| daemon |
| Makes the process fork into background. This is the recommended mode of |
| operation. It is equivalent to the command line "-D" argument. It can be |
| disabled by the command line "-db" argument. |
| |
| external-check |
| Allows the use of an external agent to perform health checks. |
| This is disabled by default as a security precaution. |
| See "option external-check". |
| |
| gid <number> |
| Changes the process' group ID to <number>. It is recommended that the group |
| ID is dedicated to HAProxy or to a small set of similar daemons. HAProxy must |
| be started with a user belonging to this group, or with superuser privileges. |
| Note that if haproxy is started from a user having supplementary groups, it |
| will only be able to drop these groups if started with superuser privileges. |
| See also "group" and "uid". |
| |
| group <group name> |
| Similar to "gid" but uses the GID of group name <group name> from /etc/group. |
| See also "gid" and "user". |
| |
| log <address> [len <length>] <facility> [max level [min level]] |
| Adds a global syslog server. Up to two global servers can be defined. They |
| will receive logs for startups and exits, as well as all logs from proxies |
| configured with "log global". |
| |
| <address> can be one of: |
| |
| - An IPv4 address optionally followed by a colon and a UDP port. If |
| no port is specified, 514 is used by default (the standard syslog |
| port). |
| |
| - An IPv6 address followed by a colon and optionally a UDP port. If |
| no port is specified, 514 is used by default (the standard syslog |
| port). |
| |
| - A filesystem path to a UNIX domain socket, keeping in mind |
| considerations for chroot (be sure the path is accessible inside |
| the chroot) and uid/gid (be sure the path is appropriately |
| writeable). |
| |
| Any part of the address string may reference any number of environment |
| variables by preceding their name with a dollar sign ('$') and |
| optionally enclosing them with braces ('{}'), similarly to what is done |
| in Bourne shell. |
| |
| <length> is an optional maximum line length. Log lines larger than this value |
| will be truncated before being sent. The reason is that syslog |
| servers act differently on log line length. All servers support the |
| default value of 1024, but some servers simply drop larger lines |
| while others do log them. If a server supports long lines, it may |
| make sense to set this value here in order to avoid truncating long |
| lines. Similarly, if a server drops long lines, it is preferable to |
| truncate them before sending them. Accepted values are 80 to 65535 |
| inclusive. The default value of 1024 is generally fine for all |
| standard usages. Some specific cases of long captures or |
| JSON-formated logs may require larger values. |
| |
| <facility> must be one of the 24 standard syslog facilities : |
| |
| kern user mail daemon auth syslog lpr news |
| uucp cron auth2 ftp ntp audit alert cron2 |
| local0 local1 local2 local3 local4 local5 local6 local7 |
| |
| An optional level can be specified to filter outgoing messages. By default, |
| all messages are sent. If a maximum level is specified, only messages with a |
| severity at least as important as this level will be sent. An optional minimum |
| level can be specified. If it is set, logs emitted with a more severe level |
| than this one will be capped to this level. This is used to avoid sending |
| "emerg" messages on all terminals on some default syslog configurations. |
| Eight levels are known : |
| |
| emerg alert crit err warning notice info debug |
| |
| log-send-hostname [<string>] |
| Sets the hostname field in the syslog header. If optional "string" parameter |
| is set the header is set to the string contents, otherwise uses the hostname |
| of the system. Generally used if one is not relaying logs through an |
| intermediate syslog server or for simply customizing the hostname printed in |
| the logs. |
| |
| log-tag <string> |
| Sets the tag field in the syslog header to this string. It defaults to the |
| program name as launched from the command line, which usually is "haproxy". |
| Sometimes it can be useful to differentiate between multiple processes |
| running on the same host. See also the per-proxy "log-tag" directive. |
| |
| lua-load <file> |
| This global directive loads and executes a Lua file. This directive can be |
| used multiple times. |
| |
| nbproc <number> |
| Creates <number> processes when going daemon. This requires the "daemon" |
| mode. By default, only one process is created, which is the recommended mode |
| of operation. For systems limited to small sets of file descriptors per |
| process, it may be needed to fork multiple daemons. USING MULTIPLE PROCESSES |
| IS HARDER TO DEBUG AND IS REALLY DISCOURAGED. See also "daemon". |
| |
| pidfile <pidfile> |
| Writes pids of all daemons into file <pidfile>. This option is equivalent to |
| the "-p" command line argument. The file must be accessible to the user |
| starting the process. See also "daemon". |
| |
| stats bind-process [ all | odd | even | <number 1-64>[-<number 1-64>] ] ... |
| Limits the stats socket to a certain set of processes numbers. By default the |
| stats socket is bound to all processes, causing a warning to be emitted when |
| nbproc is greater than 1 because there is no way to select the target process |
| when connecting. However, by using this setting, it becomes possible to pin |
| the stats socket to a specific set of processes, typically the first one. The |
| warning will automatically be disabled when this setting is used, whatever |
| the number of processes used. The maximum process ID depends on the machine's |
| word size (32 or 64). A better option consists in using the "process" setting |
| of the "stats socket" line to force the process on each line. |
| |
| ssl-default-bind-ciphers <ciphers> |
| This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. It sets |
| the default string describing the list of cipher algorithms ("cipher suite") |
| that are negotiated during the SSL/TLS handshake for all "bind" lines which |
| do not explicitly define theirs. The format of the string is defined in |
| "man 1 ciphers" from OpenSSL man pages, and can be for instance a string such |
| as "AES:ALL:!aNULL:!eNULL:+RC4:@STRENGTH" (without quotes). Please check the |
| "bind" keyword for more information. |
| |
| ssl-default-bind-options [<option>]... |
| This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. It sets |
| default ssl-options to force on all "bind" lines. Please check the "bind" |
| keyword to see available options. |
| |
| Example: |
| global |
| ssl-default-bind-options no-sslv3 no-tls-tickets |
| |
| ssl-default-server-ciphers <ciphers> |
| This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. It |
| sets the default string describing the list of cipher algorithms that are |
| negotiated during the SSL/TLS handshake with the server, for all "server" |
| lines which do not explicitly define theirs. The format of the string is |
| defined in "man 1 ciphers". Please check the "server" keyword for more |
| information. |
| |
| ssl-default-server-options [<option>]... |
| This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. It sets |
| default ssl-options to force on all "server" lines. Please check the "server" |
| keyword to see available options. |
| |
| ssl-server-verify [none|required] |
| The default behavior for SSL verify on servers side. If specified to 'none', |
| servers certificates are not verified. The default is 'required' except if |
| forced using cmdline option '-dV'. |
| |
| stats socket [<address:port>|<path>] [param*] |
| Binds a UNIX socket to <path> or a TCPv4/v6 address to <address:port>. |
| Connections to this socket will return various statistics outputs and even |
| allow some commands to be issued to change some runtime settings. Please |
| consult section 9.2 "Unix Socket commands" for more details. |
| |
| All parameters supported by "bind" lines are supported, for instance to |
| restrict access to some users or their access rights. Please consult |
| section 5.1 for more information. |
| |
| stats timeout <timeout, in milliseconds> |
| The default timeout on the stats socket is set to 10 seconds. It is possible |
| to change this value with "stats timeout". The value must be passed in |
| milliseconds, or be suffixed by a time unit among { us, ms, s, m, h, d }. |
| |
| stats maxconn <connections> |
| By default, the stats socket is limited to 10 concurrent connections. It is |
| possible to change this value with "stats maxconn". |
| |
| uid <number> |
| Changes the process' user ID to <number>. It is recommended that the user ID |
| is dedicated to HAProxy or to a small set of similar daemons. HAProxy must |
| be started with superuser privileges in order to be able to switch to another |
| one. See also "gid" and "user". |
| |
| ulimit-n <number> |
| Sets the maximum number of per-process file-descriptors to <number>. By |
| default, it is automatically computed, so it is recommended not to use this |
| option. |
| |
| unix-bind [ prefix <prefix> ] [ mode <mode> ] [ user <user> ] [ uid <uid> ] |
| [ group <group> ] [ gid <gid> ] |
| |
| Fixes common settings to UNIX listening sockets declared in "bind" statements. |
| This is mainly used to simplify declaration of those UNIX sockets and reduce |
| the risk of errors, since those settings are most commonly required but are |
| also process-specific. The <prefix> setting can be used to force all socket |
| path to be relative to that directory. This might be needed to access another |
| component's chroot. Note that those paths are resolved before haproxy chroots |
| itself, so they are absolute. The <mode>, <user>, <uid>, <group> and <gid> |
| all have the same meaning as their homonyms used by the "bind" statement. If |
| both are specified, the "bind" statement has priority, meaning that the |
| "unix-bind" settings may be seen as process-wide default settings. |
| |
| user <user name> |
| Similar to "uid" but uses the UID of user name <user name> from /etc/passwd. |
| See also "uid" and "group". |
| |
| node <name> |
| Only letters, digits, hyphen and underscore are allowed, like in DNS names. |
| |
| This statement is useful in HA configurations where two or more processes or |
| servers share the same IP address. By setting a different node-name on all |
| nodes, it becomes easy to immediately spot what server is handling the |
| traffic. |
| |
| description <text> |
| Add a text that describes the instance. |
| |
| Please note that it is required to escape certain characters (# for example) |
| and this text is inserted into a html page so you should avoid using |
| "<" and ">" characters. |
| |
| |
| 3.2. Performance tuning |
| ----------------------- |
| |
| max-spread-checks <delay in milliseconds> |
| By default, haproxy tries to spread the start of health checks across the |
| smallest health check interval of all the servers in a farm. The principle is |
| to avoid hammering services running on the same server. But when using large |
| check intervals (10 seconds or more), the last servers in the farm take some |
| time before starting to be tested, which can be a problem. This parameter is |
| used to enforce an upper bound on delay between the first and the last check, |
| even if the servers' check intervals are larger. When servers run with |
| shorter intervals, their intervals will be respected though. |
| |
| maxconn <number> |
| Sets the maximum per-process number of concurrent connections to <number>. It |
| is equivalent to the command-line argument "-n". Proxies will stop accepting |
| connections when this limit is reached. The "ulimit-n" parameter is |
| automatically adjusted according to this value. See also "ulimit-n". Note: |
| the "select" poller cannot reliably use more than 1024 file descriptors on |
| some platforms. If your platform only supports select and reports "select |
| FAILED" on startup, you need to reduce maxconn until it works (slightly |
| below 500 in general). If this value is not set, it will default to the value |
| set in DEFAULT_MAXCONN at build time (reported in haproxy -vv) if no memory |
| limit is enforced, or will be computed based on the memory limit, the buffer |
| size, memory allocated to compression, SSL cache size, and use or not of SSL |
| and the associated maxsslconn (which can also be automatic). |
| |
| maxconnrate <number> |
| Sets the maximum per-process number of connections per second to <number>. |
| Proxies will stop accepting connections when this limit is reached. It can be |
| used to limit the global capacity regardless of each frontend capacity. It is |
| important to note that this can only be used as a service protection measure, |
| as there will not necessarily be a fair share between frontends when the |
| limit is reached, so it's a good idea to also limit each frontend to some |
| value close to its expected share. Also, lowering tune.maxaccept can improve |
| fairness. |
| |
| maxcomprate <number> |
| Sets the maximum per-process input compression rate to <number> kilobytes |
| per second. For each session, if the maximum is reached, the compression |
| level will be decreased during the session. If the maximum is reached at the |
| beginning of a session, the session will not compress at all. If the maximum |
| is not reached, the compression level will be increased up to |
| tune.comp.maxlevel. A value of zero means there is no limit, this is the |
| default value. |
| |
| maxcompcpuusage <number> |
| Sets the maximum CPU usage HAProxy can reach before stopping the compression |
| for new requests or decreasing the compression level of current requests. |
| It works like 'maxcomprate' but measures CPU usage instead of incoming data |
| bandwidth. The value is expressed in percent of the CPU used by haproxy. In |
| case of multiple processes (nbproc > 1), each process manages its individual |
| usage. A value of 100 disable the limit. The default value is 100. Setting |
| a lower value will prevent the compression work from slowing the whole |
| process down and from introducing high latencies. |
| |
| maxpipes <number> |
| Sets the maximum per-process number of pipes to <number>. Currently, pipes |
| are only used by kernel-based tcp splicing. Since a pipe contains two file |
| descriptors, the "ulimit-n" value will be increased accordingly. The default |
| value is maxconn/4, which seems to be more than enough for most heavy usages. |
| The splice code dynamically allocates and releases pipes, and can fall back |
| to standard copy, so setting this value too low may only impact performance. |
| |
| maxsessrate <number> |
| Sets the maximum per-process number of sessions per second to <number>. |
| Proxies will stop accepting connections when this limit is reached. It can be |
| used to limit the global capacity regardless of each frontend capacity. It is |
| important to note that this can only be used as a service protection measure, |
| as there will not necessarily be a fair share between frontends when the |
| limit is reached, so it's a good idea to also limit each frontend to some |
| value close to its expected share. Also, lowering tune.maxaccept can improve |
| fairness. |
| |
| maxsslconn <number> |
| Sets the maximum per-process number of concurrent SSL connections to |
| <number>. By default there is no SSL-specific limit, which means that the |
| global maxconn setting will apply to all connections. Setting this limit |
| avoids having openssl use too much memory and crash when malloc returns NULL |
| (since it unfortunately does not reliably check for such conditions). Note |
| that the limit applies both to incoming and outgoing connections, so one |
| connection which is deciphered then ciphered accounts for 2 SSL connections. |
| If this value is not set, but a memory limit is enforced, this value will be |
| automatically computed based on the memory limit, maxconn, the buffer size, |
| memory allocated to compression, SSL cache size, and use of SSL in either |
| frontends, backends or both. If neither maxconn nor maxsslconn are specified |
| when there is a memory limit, haproxy will automatically adjust these values |
| so that 100% of the connections can be made over SSL with no risk, and will |
| consider the sides where it is enabled (frontend, backend, both). |
| |
| maxsslrate <number> |
| Sets the maximum per-process number of SSL sessions per second to <number>. |
| SSL listeners will stop accepting connections when this limit is reached. It |
| can be used to limit the global SSL CPU usage regardless of each frontend |
| capacity. It is important to note that this can only be used as a service |
| protection measure, as there will not necessarily be a fair share between |
| frontends when the limit is reached, so it's a good idea to also limit each |
| frontend to some value close to its expected share. It is also important to |
| note that the sessions are accounted before they enter the SSL stack and not |
| after, which also protects the stack against bad handshakes. Also, lowering |
| tune.maxaccept can improve fairness. |
| |
| maxzlibmem <number> |
| Sets the maximum amount of RAM in megabytes per process usable by the zlib. |
| When the maximum amount is reached, future sessions will not compress as long |
| as RAM is unavailable. When sets to 0, there is no limit. |
| The default value is 0. The value is available in bytes on the UNIX socket |
| with "show info" on the line "MaxZlibMemUsage", the memory used by zlib is |
| "ZlibMemUsage" in bytes. |
| |
| noepoll |
| Disables the use of the "epoll" event polling system on Linux. It is |
| equivalent to the command-line argument "-de". The next polling system |
| used will generally be "poll". See also "nopoll". |
| |
| nokqueue |
| Disables the use of the "kqueue" event polling system on BSD. It is |
| equivalent to the command-line argument "-dk". The next polling system |
| used will generally be "poll". See also "nopoll". |
| |
| nopoll |
| Disables the use of the "poll" event polling system. It is equivalent to the |
| command-line argument "-dp". The next polling system used will be "select". |
| It should never be needed to disable "poll" since it's available on all |
| platforms supported by HAProxy. See also "nokqueue" and "noepoll". |
| |
| nosplice |
| Disables the use of kernel tcp splicing between sockets on Linux. It is |
| equivalent to the command line argument "-dS". Data will then be copied |
| using conventional and more portable recv/send calls. Kernel tcp splicing is |
| limited to some very recent instances of kernel 2.6. Most versions between |
| 2.6.25 and 2.6.28 are buggy and will forward corrupted data, so they must not |
| be used. This option makes it easier to globally disable kernel splicing in |
| case of doubt. See also "option splice-auto", "option splice-request" and |
| "option splice-response". |
| |
| nogetaddrinfo |
| Disables the use of getaddrinfo(3) for name resolving. It is equivalent to |
| the command line argument "-dG". Deprecated gethostbyname(3) will be used. |
| |
| spread-checks <0..50, in percent> |
| Sometimes it is desirable to avoid sending agent and health checks to |
| servers at exact intervals, for instance when many logical servers are |
| located on the same physical server. With the help of this parameter, it |
| becomes possible to add some randomness in the check interval between 0 |
| and +/- 50%. A value between 2 and 5 seems to show good results. The |
| default value remains at 0. |
| |
| tune.buffers.limit <number> |
| Sets a hard limit on the number of buffers which may be allocated per process. |
| The default value is zero which means unlimited. The minimum non-zero value |
| will always be greater than "tune.buffers.reserve" and should ideally always |
| be about twice as large. Forcing this value can be particularly useful to |
| limit the amount of memory a process may take, while retaining a sane |
| behaviour. When this limit is reached, sessions which need a buffer wait for |
| another one to be released by another session. Since buffers are dynamically |
| allocated and released, the waiting time is very short and not perceptible |
| provided that limits remain reasonable. In fact sometimes reducing the limit |
| may even increase performance by increasing the CPU cache's efficiency. Tests |
| have shown good results on average HTTP traffic with a limit to 1/10 of the |
| expected global maxconn setting, which also significantly reduces memory |
| usage. The memory savings come from the fact that a number of connections |
| will not allocate 2*tune.bufsize. It is best not to touch this value unless |
| advised to do so by an haproxy core developer. |
| |
| tune.buffers.reserve <number> |
| Sets the number of buffers which are pre-allocated and reserved for use only |
| during memory shortage conditions resulting in failed memory allocations. The |
| minimum value is 2 and is also the default. There is no reason a user would |
| want to change this value, it's mostly aimed at haproxy core developers. |
| |
| tune.bufsize <number> |
| Sets the buffer size to this size (in bytes). Lower values allow more |
| sessions to coexist in the same amount of RAM, and higher values allow some |
| applications with very large cookies to work. The default value is 16384 and |
| can be changed at build time. It is strongly recommended not to change this |
| from the default value, as very low values will break some services such as |
| statistics, and values larger than default size will increase memory usage, |
| possibly causing the system to run out of memory. At least the global maxconn |
| parameter should be decreased by the same factor as this one is increased. |
| If HTTP request is larger than (tune.bufsize - tune.maxrewrite), haproxy will |
| return HTTP 400 (Bad Request) error. Similarly if an HTTP response is larger |
| than this size, haproxy will return HTTP 502 (Bad Gateway). |
| |
| tune.chksize <number> |
| Sets the check buffer size to this size (in bytes). Higher values may help |
| find string or regex patterns in very large pages, though doing so may imply |
| more memory and CPU usage. The default value is 16384 and can be changed at |
| build time. It is not recommended to change this value, but to use better |
| checks whenever possible. |
| |
| tune.comp.maxlevel <number> |
| Sets the maximum compression level. The compression level affects CPU |
| usage during compression. This value affects CPU usage during compression. |
| Each session using compression initializes the compression algorithm with |
| this value. The default value is 1. |
| |
| tune.http.cookielen <number> |
| Sets the maximum length of captured cookies. This is the maximum value that |
| the "capture cookie xxx len yyy" will be allowed to take, and any upper value |
| will automatically be truncated to this one. It is important not to set too |
| high a value because all cookie captures still allocate this size whatever |
| their configured value (they share a same pool). This value is per request |
| per response, so the memory allocated is twice this value per connection. |
| When not specified, the limit is set to 63 characters. It is recommended not |
| to change this value. |
| |
| tune.http.maxhdr <number> |
| Sets the maximum number of headers in a request. When a request comes with a |
| number of headers greater than this value (including the first line), it is |
| rejected with a "400 Bad Request" status code. Similarly, too large responses |
| are blocked with "502 Bad Gateway". The default value is 101, which is enough |
| for all usages, considering that the widely deployed Apache server uses the |
| same limit. It can be useful to push this limit further to temporarily allow |
| a buggy application to work by the time it gets fixed. Keep in mind that each |
| new header consumes 32bits of memory for each session, so don't push this |
| limit too high. |
| |
| tune.idletimer <timeout> |
| Sets the duration after which haproxy will consider that an empty buffer is |
| probably associated with an idle stream. This is used to optimally adjust |
| some packet sizes while forwarding large and small data alternatively. The |
| decision to use splice() or to send large buffers in SSL is modulated by this |
| parameter. The value is in milliseconds between 0 and 65535. A value of zero |
| means that haproxy will not try to detect idle streams. The default is 1000, |
| which seems to correctly detect end user pauses (eg: read a page before |
| clicking). There should be not reason for changing this value. Please check |
| tune.ssl.maxrecord below. |
| |
| tune.lua.forced-yield <number> |
| This directive forces the Lua engine to execute a yield each <number> of |
| instructions executed. This permits interruptng a long script and allows the |
| HAProxy scheduler to process other tasks like accepting connections or |
| forwarding traffic. The default value is 10000 instructions. If HAProxy often |
| executes some Lua code but more reactivity is required, this value can be |
| lowered. If the Lua code is quite long and its result is absolutely required |
| to process the data, the <number> can be increased. |
| |
| tune.lua.maxmem |
| Sets the maximum amount of RAM in megabytes per process usable by Lua. By |
| default it is zero which means unlimited. It is important to set a limit to |
| ensure that a bug in a script will not result in the system running out of |
| memory. |
| |
| tune.lua.session-timeout <timeout> |
| This is the execution timeout for the Lua sessions. This is useful for |
| preventing infinite loops or spending too much time in Lua. This timeout has a |
| priority over other timeouts. For example, if this timeout is set to 4s and |
| you run a 5s sleep, the code will be interrupted with an error after waiting |
| 4s. |
| |
| tune.lua.task-timeout <timeout> |
| Purpose is the same as "tune.lua.session-timeout", but this timeout is |
| dedicated to the tasks. By default, this timeout isn't set because a task may |
| remain alive during of the lifetime of HAProxy. For example, a task used to |
| check servers. |
| |
| tune.maxaccept <number> |
| Sets the maximum number of consecutive connections a process may accept in a |
| row before switching to other work. In single process mode, higher numbers |
| give better performance at high connection rates. However in multi-process |
| modes, keeping a bit of fairness between processes generally is better to |
| increase performance. This value applies individually to each listener, so |
| that the number of processes a listener is bound to is taken into account. |
| This value defaults to 64. In multi-process mode, it is divided by twice |
| the number of processes the listener is bound to. Setting this value to -1 |
| completely disables the limitation. It should normally not be needed to tweak |
| this value. |
| |
| tune.maxpollevents <number> |
| Sets the maximum amount of events that can be processed at once in a call to |
| the polling system. The default value is adapted to the operating system. It |
| has been noticed that reducing it below 200 tends to slightly decrease |
| latency at the expense of network bandwidth, and increasing it above 200 |
| tends to trade latency for slightly increased bandwidth. |
| |
| tune.maxrewrite <number> |
| Sets the reserved buffer space to this size in bytes. The reserved space is |
| used for header rewriting or appending. The first reads on sockets will never |
| fill more than bufsize-maxrewrite. Historically it has defaulted to half of |
| bufsize, though that does not make much sense since there are rarely large |
| numbers of headers to add. Setting it too high prevents processing of large |
| requests or responses. Setting it too low prevents addition of new headers |
| to already large requests or to POST requests. It is generally wise to set it |
| to about 1024. It is automatically readjusted to half of bufsize if it is |
| larger than that. This means you don't have to worry about it when changing |
| bufsize. |
| |
| tune.pipesize <number> |
| Sets the kernel pipe buffer size to this size (in bytes). By default, pipes |
| are the default size for the system. But sometimes when using TCP splicing, |
| it can improve performance to increase pipe sizes, especially if it is |
| suspected that pipes are not filled and that many calls to splice() are |
| performed. This has an impact on the kernel's memory footprint, so this must |
| not be changed if impacts are not understood. |
| |
| tune.rcvbuf.client <number> |
| tune.rcvbuf.server <number> |
| Forces the kernel socket receive buffer size on the client or the server side |
| to the specified value in bytes. This value applies to all TCP/HTTP frontends |
| and backends. It should normally never be set, and the default size (0) lets |
| the kernel autotune this value depending on the amount of available memory. |
| However it can sometimes help to set it to very low values (eg: 4096) in |
| order to save kernel memory by preventing it from buffering too large amounts |
| of received data. Lower values will significantly increase CPU usage though. |
| |
| tune.sndbuf.client <number> |
| tune.sndbuf.server <number> |
| Forces the kernel socket send buffer size on the client or the server side to |
| the specified value in bytes. This value applies to all TCP/HTTP frontends |
| and backends. It should normally never be set, and the default size (0) lets |
| the kernel autotune this value depending on the amount of available memory. |
| However it can sometimes help to set it to very low values (eg: 4096) in |
| order to save kernel memory by preventing it from buffering too large amounts |
| of received data. Lower values will significantly increase CPU usage though. |
| Another use case is to prevent write timeouts with extremely slow clients due |
| to the kernel waiting for a large part of the buffer to be read before |
| notifying haproxy again. |
| |
| tune.ssl.cachesize <number> |
| Sets the size of the global SSL session cache, in a number of blocks. A block |
| is large enough to contain an encoded session without peer certificate. |
| An encoded session with peer certificate is stored in multiple blocks |
| depending on the size of the peer certificate. A block uses approximately |
| 200 bytes of memory. The default value may be forced at build time, otherwise |
| defaults to 20000. When the cache is full, the most idle entries are purged |
| and reassigned. Higher values reduce the occurrence of such a purge, hence |
| the number of CPU-intensive SSL handshakes by ensuring that all users keep |
| their session as long as possible. All entries are pre-allocated upon startup |
| and are shared between all processes if "nbproc" is greater than 1. Setting |
| this value to 0 disables the SSL session cache. |
| |
| tune.ssl.force-private-cache |
| This boolean disables SSL session cache sharing between all processes. It |
| should normally not be used since it will force many renegotiations due to |
| clients hitting a random process. But it may be required on some operating |
| systems where none of the SSL cache synchronization method may be used. In |
| this case, adding a first layer of hash-based load balancing before the SSL |
| layer might limit the impact of the lack of session sharing. |
| |
| tune.ssl.lifetime <timeout> |
| Sets how long a cached SSL session may remain valid. This time is expressed |
| in seconds and defaults to 300 (5 min). It is important to understand that it |
| does not guarantee that sessions will last that long, because if the cache is |
| full, the longest idle sessions will be purged despite their configured |
| lifetime. The real usefulness of this setting is to prevent sessions from |
| being used for too long. |
| |
| tune.ssl.maxrecord <number> |
| Sets the maximum amount of bytes passed to SSL_write() at a time. Default |
| value 0 means there is no limit. Over SSL/TLS, the client can decipher the |
| data only once it has received a full record. With large records, it means |
| that clients might have to download up to 16kB of data before starting to |
| process them. Limiting the value can improve page load times on browsers |
| located over high latency or low bandwidth networks. It is suggested to find |
| optimal values which fit into 1 or 2 TCP segments (generally 1448 bytes over |
| Ethernet with TCP timestamps enabled, or 1460 when timestamps are disabled), |
| keeping in mind that SSL/TLS add some overhead. Typical values of 1419 and |
| 2859 gave good results during tests. Use "strace -e trace=write" to find the |
| best value. Haproxy will automatically switch to this setting after an idle |
| stream has been detected (see tune.idletimer above). |
| |
| tune.ssl.default-dh-param <number> |
| Sets the maximum size of the Diffie-Hellman parameters used for generating |
| the ephemeral/temporary Diffie-Hellman key in case of DHE key exchange. The |
| final size will try to match the size of the server's RSA (or DSA) key (e.g, |
| a 2048 bits temporary DH key for a 2048 bits RSA key), but will not exceed |
| this maximum value. Default value if 1024. Only 1024 or higher values are |
| allowed. Higher values will increase the CPU load, and values greater than |
| 1024 bits are not supported by Java 7 and earlier clients. This value is not |
| used if static Diffie-Hellman parameters are supplied via the certificate file. |
| |
| tune.zlib.memlevel <number> |
| Sets the memLevel parameter in zlib initialization for each session. It |
| defines how much memory should be allocated for the internal compression |
| state. A value of 1 uses minimum memory but is slow and reduces compression |
| ratio, a value of 9 uses maximum memory for optimal speed. Can be a value |
| between 1 and 9. The default value is 8. |
| |
| tune.zlib.windowsize <number> |
| Sets the window size (the size of the history buffer) as a parameter of the |
| zlib initialization for each session. Larger values of this parameter result |
| in better compression at the expense of memory usage. Can be a value between |
| 8 and 15. The default value is 15. |
| |
| 3.3. Debugging |
| -------------- |
| |
| debug |
| Enables debug mode which dumps to stdout all exchanges, and disables forking |
| into background. It is the equivalent of the command-line argument "-d". It |
| should never be used in a production configuration since it may prevent full |
| system startup. |
| |
| quiet |
| Do not display any message during startup. It is equivalent to the command- |
| line argument "-q". |
| |
| |
| 3.4. Userlists |
| -------------- |
| It is possible to control access to frontend/backend/listen sections or to |
| http stats by allowing only authenticated and authorized users. To do this, |
| it is required to create at least one userlist and to define users. |
| |
| userlist <listname> |
| Creates new userlist with name <listname>. Many independent userlists can be |
| used to store authentication & authorization data for independent customers. |
| |
| group <groupname> [users <user>,<user>,(...)] |
| Adds group <groupname> to the current userlist. It is also possible to |
| attach users to this group by using a comma separated list of names |
| proceeded by "users" keyword. |
| |
| user <username> [password|insecure-password <password>] |
| [groups <group>,<group>,(...)] |
| Adds user <username> to the current userlist. Both secure (encrypted) and |
| insecure (unencrypted) passwords can be used. Encrypted passwords are |
| evaluated using the crypt(3) function so depending of the system's |
| capabilities, different algorithms are supported. For example modern Glibc |
| based Linux system supports MD5, SHA-256, SHA-512 and of course classic, |
| DES-based method of encrypting passwords. |
| |
| |
| Example: |
| userlist L1 |
| group G1 users tiger,scott |
| group G2 users xdb,scott |
| |
| user tiger password $6$k6y3o.eP$JlKBx9za9667qe4(...)xHSwRv6J.C0/D7cV91 |
| user scott insecure-password elgato |
| user xdb insecure-password hello |
| |
| userlist L2 |
| group G1 |
| group G2 |
| |
| user tiger password $6$k6y3o.eP$JlKBx(...)xHSwRv6J.C0/D7cV91 groups G1 |
| user scott insecure-password elgato groups G1,G2 |
| user xdb insecure-password hello groups G2 |
| |
| Please note that both lists are functionally identical. |
| |
| |
| 3.5. Peers |
| ---------- |
| It is possible to synchronize server entries in stick tables between several |
| haproxy instances over TCP connections in a multi-master fashion. Each instance |
| pushes its local updates and insertions to remote peers. Server IDs are used to |
| identify servers remotely, so it is important that configurations look similar |
| or at least that the same IDs are forced on each server on all participants. |
| Interrupted exchanges are automatically detected and recovered from the last |
| known point. In addition, during a soft restart, the old process connects to |
| the new one using such a TCP connection to push all its entries before the new |
| process tries to connect to other peers. That ensures very fast replication |
| during a reload, it typically takes a fraction of a second even for large |
| tables. |
| |
| peers <peersect> |
| Creates a new peer list with name <peersect>. It is an independent section, |
| which is referenced by one or more stick-tables. |
| |
| peer <peername> <ip>:<port> |
| Defines a peer inside a peers section. |
| If <peername> is set to the local peer name (by default hostname, or forced |
| using "-L" command line option), haproxy will listen for incoming remote peer |
| connection on <ip>:<port>. Otherwise, <ip>:<port> defines where to connect to |
| to join the remote peer, and <peername> is used at the protocol level to |
| identify and validate the remote peer on the server side. |
| |
| During a soft restart, local peer <ip>:<port> is used by the old instance to |
| connect the new one and initiate a complete replication (teaching process). |
| |
| It is strongly recommended to have the exact same peers declaration on all |
| peers and to only rely on the "-L" command line argument to change the local |
| peer name. This makes it easier to maintain coherent configuration files |
| across all peers. |
| |
| Any part of the address string may reference any number of environment |
| variables by preceding their name with a dollar sign ('$') and optionally |
| enclosing them with braces ('{}'), similarly to what is done in Bourne shell. |
| |
| Example: |
| peers mypeers |
| peer haproxy1 192.168.0.1:1024 |
| peer haproxy2 192.168.0.2:1024 |
| peer haproxy3 10.2.0.1:1024 |
| |
| backend mybackend |
| mode tcp |
| balance roundrobin |
| stick-table type ip size 20k peers mypeers |
| stick on src |
| |
| server srv1 192.168.0.30:80 |
| server srv2 192.168.0.31:80 |
| |
| |
| 3.6. Mailers |
| ------------ |
| It is possible to send email alerts when the state of servers changes. |
| If configured email alerts are sent to each mailer that is configured |
| in a mailers section. Email is sent to mailers using SMTP. |
| |
| mailer <mailersect> |
| Creates a new mailer list with the name <mailersect>. It is an |
| independent section which is referenced by one or more proxies. |
| |
| mailer <mailername> <ip>:<port> |
| Defines a mailer inside a mailers section. |
| |
| Example: |
| mailers mymailers |
| mailer smtp1 192.168.0.1:587 |
| mailer smtp2 192.168.0.2:587 |
| |
| backend mybackend |
| mode tcp |
| balance roundrobin |
| |
| email-alert mailers mymailers |
| email-alert from test1@horms.org |
| email-alert to test2@horms.org |
| |
| server srv1 192.168.0.30:80 |
| server srv2 192.168.0.31:80 |
| |
| |
| 4. Proxies |
| ---------- |
| |
| Proxy configuration can be located in a set of sections : |
| - defaults <name> |
| - frontend <name> |
| - backend <name> |
| - listen <name> |
| |
| A "defaults" section sets default parameters for all other sections following |
| its declaration. Those default parameters are reset by the next "defaults" |
| section. See below for the list of parameters which can be set in a "defaults" |
| section. The name is optional but its use is encouraged for better readability. |
| |
| A "frontend" section describes a set of listening sockets accepting client |
| connections. |
| |
| A "backend" section describes a set of servers to which the proxy will connect |
| to forward incoming connections. |
| |
| A "listen" section defines a complete proxy with its frontend and backend |
| parts combined in one section. It is generally useful for TCP-only traffic. |
| |
| All proxy names must be formed from upper and lower case letters, digits, |
| '-' (dash), '_' (underscore) , '.' (dot) and ':' (colon). ACL names are |
| case-sensitive, which means that "www" and "WWW" are two different proxies. |
| |
| Historically, all proxy names could overlap, it just caused troubles in the |
| logs. Since the introduction of content switching, it is mandatory that two |
| proxies with overlapping capabilities (frontend/backend) have different names. |
| However, it is still permitted that a frontend and a backend share the same |
| name, as this configuration seems to be commonly encountered. |
| |
| Right now, two major proxy modes are supported : "tcp", also known as layer 4, |
| and "http", also known as layer 7. In layer 4 mode, HAProxy simply forwards |
| bidirectional traffic between two sides. In layer 7 mode, HAProxy analyzes the |
| protocol, and can interact with it by allowing, blocking, switching, adding, |
| modifying, or removing arbitrary contents in requests or responses, based on |
| arbitrary criteria. |
| |
| In HTTP mode, the processing applied to requests and responses flowing over |
| a connection depends in the combination of the frontend's HTTP options and |
| the backend's. HAProxy supports 5 connection modes : |
| |
| - KAL : keep alive ("option http-keep-alive") which is the default mode : all |
| requests and responses are processed, and connections remain open but idle |
| between responses and new requests. |
| |
| - TUN: tunnel ("option http-tunnel") : this was the default mode for versions |
| 1.0 to 1.5-dev21 : only the first request and response are processed, and |
| everything else is forwarded with no analysis at all. This mode should not |
| be used as it creates lots of trouble with logging and HTTP processing. |
| |
| - PCL: passive close ("option httpclose") : exactly the same as tunnel mode, |
| but with "Connection: close" appended in both directions to try to make |
| both ends close after the first request/response exchange. |
| |
| - SCL: server close ("option http-server-close") : the server-facing |
| connection is closed after the end of the response is received, but the |
| client-facing connection remains open. |
| |
| - FCL: forced close ("option forceclose") : the connection is actively closed |
| after the end of the response. |
| |
| The effective mode that will be applied to a connection passing through a |
| frontend and a backend can be determined by both proxy modes according to the |
| following matrix, but in short, the modes are symmetric, keep-alive is the |
| weakest option and force close is the strongest. |
| |
| Backend mode |
| |
| | KAL | TUN | PCL | SCL | FCL |
| ----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- |
| KAL | KAL | TUN | PCL | SCL | FCL |
| ----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- |
| TUN | TUN | TUN | PCL | SCL | FCL |
| Frontend ----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- |
| mode PCL | PCL | PCL | PCL | FCL | FCL |
| ----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- |
| SCL | SCL | SCL | FCL | SCL | FCL |
| ----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- |
| FCL | FCL | FCL | FCL | FCL | FCL |
| |
| |
| |
| 4.1. Proxy keywords matrix |
| -------------------------- |
| |
| The following list of keywords is supported. Most of them may only be used in a |
| limited set of section types. Some of them are marked as "deprecated" because |
| they are inherited from an old syntax which may be confusing or functionally |
| limited, and there are new recommended keywords to replace them. Keywords |
| marked with "(*)" can be optionally inverted using the "no" prefix, eg. "no |
| option contstats". This makes sense when the option has been enabled by default |
| and must be disabled for a specific instance. Such options may also be prefixed |
| with "default" in order to restore default settings regardless of what has been |
| specified in a previous "defaults" section. |
| |
| |
| keyword defaults frontend listen backend |
| ------------------------------------+----------+----------+---------+--------- |
| acl - X X X |
| appsession - - X X |
| backlog X X X - |
| balance X - X X |
| bind - X X - |
| bind-process X X X X |
| block - X X X |
| capture cookie - X X - |
| capture request header - X X - |
| capture response header - X X - |
| clitimeout (deprecated) X X X - |
| compression X X X X |
| contimeout (deprecated) X - X X |
| cookie X - X X |
| default-server X - X X |
| default_backend X X X - |
| description - X X X |
| disabled X X X X |
| dispatch - - X X |
| email-alert from X X X X |
| email-alert level X X X X |
| email-alert mailers X X X X |
| email-alert myhostname X X X X |
| email-alert to X X X X |
| enabled X X X X |
| errorfile X X X X |
| errorloc X X X X |
| errorloc302 X X X X |
| -- keyword -------------------------- defaults - frontend - listen -- backend - |
| errorloc303 X X X X |
| force-persist - X X X |
| fullconn X - X X |
| grace X X X X |
| hash-type X - X X |
| http-check disable-on-404 X - X X |
| http-check expect - - X X |
| http-check send-state X - X X |
| http-request - X X X |
| http-response - X X X |
| http-send-name-header - - X X |
| id - X X X |
| ignore-persist - X X X |
| log (*) X X X X |
| log-format X X X - |
| log-tag X X X X |
| max-keep-alive-queue X - X X |
| maxconn X X X - |
| mode X X X X |
| monitor fail - X X - |
| monitor-net X X X - |
| monitor-uri X X X - |
| option abortonclose (*) X - X X |
| option accept-invalid-http-request (*) X X X - |
| option accept-invalid-http-response (*) X - X X |
| option allbackups (*) X - X X |
| option checkcache (*) X - X X |
| option clitcpka (*) X X X - |
| option contstats (*) X X X - |
| option dontlog-normal (*) X X X - |
| option dontlognull (*) X X X - |
| option forceclose (*) X X X X |
| -- keyword -------------------------- defaults - frontend - listen -- backend - |
| option forwardfor X X X X |
| option http-keep-alive (*) X X X X |
| option http-no-delay (*) X X X X |
| option http-pretend-keepalive (*) X X X X |
| option http-server-close (*) X X X X |
| option http-tunnel (*) X X X X |
| option http-use-proxy-header (*) X X X - |
| option httpchk X - X X |
| option httpclose (*) X X X X |
| option httplog X X X X |
| option http_proxy (*) X X X X |
| option independent-streams (*) X X X X |
| option ldap-check X - X X |
| option external-check X - X X |
| option log-health-checks (*) X - X X |
| option log-separate-errors (*) X X X - |
| option logasap (*) X X X - |
| option mysql-check X - X X |
| option pgsql-check X - X X |
| option nolinger (*) X X X X |
| option originalto X X X X |
| option persist (*) X - X X |
| option redispatch (*) X - X X |
| option redis-check X - X X |
| option smtpchk X - X X |
| option socket-stats (*) X X X - |
| option splice-auto (*) X X X X |
| option splice-request (*) X X X X |
| option splice-response (*) X X X X |
| option srvtcpka (*) X - X X |
| option ssl-hello-chk X - X X |
| -- keyword -------------------------- defaults - frontend - listen -- backend - |
| option tcp-check X - X X |
| option tcp-smart-accept (*) X X X - |
| option tcp-smart-connect (*) X - X X |
| option tcpka X X X X |
| option tcplog X X X X |
| option transparent (*) X - X X |
| external-check command X - X X |
| external-check path X - X X |
| persist rdp-cookie X - X X |
| rate-limit sessions X X X - |
| redirect - X X X |
| redisp (deprecated) X - X X |
| redispatch (deprecated) X - X X |
| reqadd - X X X |
| reqallow - X X X |
| reqdel - X X X |
| reqdeny - X X X |
| reqiallow - X X X |
| reqidel - X X X |
| reqideny - X X X |
| reqipass - X X X |
| reqirep - X X X |
| reqisetbe - X X X |
| reqitarpit - X X X |
| reqpass - X X X |
| reqrep - X X X |
| -- keyword -------------------------- defaults - frontend - listen -- backend - |
| reqsetbe - X X X |
| reqtarpit - X X X |
| retries X - X X |
| rspadd - X X X |
| rspdel - X X X |
| rspdeny - X X X |
| rspidel - X X X |
| rspideny - X X X |
| rspirep - X X X |
| rsprep - X X X |
| server - - X X |
| source X - X X |
| srvtimeout (deprecated) X - X X |
| stats admin - - X X |
| stats auth X - X X |
| stats enable X - X X |
| stats hide-version X - X X |
| stats http-request - - X X |
| stats realm X - X X |
| stats refresh X - X X |
| stats scope X - X X |
| stats show-desc X - X X |
| stats show-legends X - X X |
| stats show-node X - X X |
| stats uri X - X X |
| -- keyword -------------------------- defaults - frontend - listen -- backend - |
| stick match - - X X |
| stick on - - X X |
| stick store-request - - X X |
| stick store-response - - X X |
| stick-table - - X X |
| tcp-check connect - - X X |
| tcp-check expect - - X X |
| tcp-check send - - X X |
| tcp-check send-binary - - X X |
| tcp-request connection - X X - |
| tcp-request content - X X X |
| tcp-request inspect-delay - X X X |
| tcp-response content - - X X |
| tcp-response inspect-delay - - X X |
| timeout check X - X X |
| timeout client X X X - |
| timeout client-fin X X X - |
| timeout clitimeout (deprecated) X X X - |
| timeout connect X - X X |
| timeout contimeout (deprecated) X - X X |
| timeout http-keep-alive X X X X |
| timeout http-request X X X X |
| timeout queue X - X X |
| timeout server X - X X |
| timeout server-fin X - X X |
| timeout srvtimeout (deprecated) X - X X |
| timeout tarpit X X X X |
| timeout tunnel X - X X |
| transparent (deprecated) X - X X |
| unique-id-format X X X - |
| unique-id-header X X X - |
| use_backend - X X - |
| use-server - - X X |
| ------------------------------------+----------+----------+---------+--------- |
| keyword defaults frontend listen backend |
| |
| |
| 4.2. Alphabetically sorted keywords reference |
| --------------------------------------------- |
| |
| This section provides a description of each keyword and its usage. |
| |
| |
| acl <aclname> <criterion> [flags] [operator] <value> ... |
| Declare or complete an access list. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | yes |
| Example: |
| acl invalid_src src 0.0.0.0/7 224.0.0.0/3 |
| acl invalid_src src_port 0:1023 |
| acl local_dst hdr(host) -i localhost |
| |
| See section 7 about ACL usage. |
| |
| |
| appsession <cookie> len <length> timeout <holdtime> |
| [request-learn] [prefix] [mode <path-parameters|query-string>] |
| Define session stickiness on an existing application cookie. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <cookie> this is the name of the cookie used by the application and which |
| HAProxy will have to learn for each new session. |
| |
| <length> this is the max number of characters that will be memorized and |
| checked in each cookie value. |
| |
| <holdtime> this is the time after which the cookie will be removed from |
| memory if unused. If no unit is specified, this time is in |
| milliseconds. |
| |
| request-learn |
| If this option is specified, then haproxy will be able to learn |
| the cookie found in the request in case the server does not |
| specify any in response. This is typically what happens with |
| PHPSESSID cookies, or when haproxy's session expires before |
| the application's session and the correct server is selected. |
| It is recommended to specify this option to improve reliability. |
| |
| prefix When this option is specified, haproxy will match on the cookie |
| prefix (or URL parameter prefix). The appsession value is the |
| data following this prefix. |
| |
| Example : |
| appsession ASPSESSIONID len 64 timeout 3h prefix |
| |
| This will match the cookie ASPSESSIONIDXXXX=XXXXX, |
| the appsession value will be XXXX=XXXXX. |
| |
| mode This option allows to change the URL parser mode. |
| 2 modes are currently supported : |
| - path-parameters : |
| The parser looks for the appsession in the path parameters |
| part (each parameter is separated by a semi-colon), which is |
| convenient for JSESSIONID for example. |
| This is the default mode if the option is not set. |
| - query-string : |
| In this mode, the parser will look for the appsession in the |
| query string. |
| |
| When an application cookie is defined in a backend, HAProxy will check when |
| the server sets such a cookie, and will store its value in a table, and |
| associate it with the server's identifier. Up to <length> characters from |
| the value will be retained. On each connection, haproxy will look for this |
| cookie both in the "Cookie:" headers, and as a URL parameter (depending on |
| the mode used). If a known value is found, the client will be directed to the |
| server associated with this value. Otherwise, the load balancing algorithm is |
| applied. Cookies are automatically removed from memory when they have been |
| unused for a duration longer than <holdtime>. |
| |
| The definition of an application cookie is limited to one per backend. |
| |
| Note : Consider not using this feature in multi-process mode (nbproc > 1) |
| unless you know what you do : memory is not shared between the |
| processes, which can result in random behaviours. |
| |
| Example : |
| appsession JSESSIONID len 52 timeout 3h |
| |
| See also : "cookie", "capture cookie", "balance", "stick", "stick-table", |
| "ignore-persist", "nbproc" and "bind-process". |
| |
| |
| backlog <conns> |
| Give hints to the system about the approximate listen backlog desired size |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | no |
| Arguments : |
| <conns> is the number of pending connections. Depending on the operating |
| system, it may represent the number of already acknowledged |
| connections, of non-acknowledged ones, or both. |
| |
| In order to protect against SYN flood attacks, one solution is to increase |
| the system's SYN backlog size. Depending on the system, sometimes it is just |
| tunable via a system parameter, sometimes it is not adjustable at all, and |
| sometimes the system relies on hints given by the application at the time of |
| the listen() syscall. By default, HAProxy passes the frontend's maxconn value |
| to the listen() syscall. On systems which can make use of this value, it can |
| sometimes be useful to be able to specify a different value, hence this |
| backlog parameter. |
| |
| On Linux 2.4, the parameter is ignored by the system. On Linux 2.6, it is |
| used as a hint and the system accepts up to the smallest greater power of |
| two, and never more than some limits (usually 32768). |
| |
| See also : "maxconn" and the target operating system's tuning guide. |
| |
| |
| balance <algorithm> [ <arguments> ] |
| balance url_param <param> [check_post] |
| Define the load balancing algorithm to be used in a backend. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <algorithm> is the algorithm used to select a server when doing load |
| balancing. This only applies when no persistence information |
| is available, or when a connection is redispatched to another |
| server. <algorithm> may be one of the following : |
| |
| roundrobin Each server is used in turns, according to their weights. |
| This is the smoothest and fairest algorithm when the server's |
| processing time remains equally distributed. This algorithm |
| is dynamic, which means that server weights may be adjusted |
| on the fly for slow starts for instance. It is limited by |
| design to 4095 active servers per backend. Note that in some |
| large farms, when a server becomes up after having been down |
| for a very short time, it may sometimes take a few hundreds |
| requests for it to be re-integrated into the farm and start |
| receiving traffic. This is normal, though very rare. It is |
| indicated here in case you would have the chance to observe |
| it, so that you don't worry. |
| |
| static-rr Each server is used in turns, according to their weights. |
| This algorithm is as similar to roundrobin except that it is |
| static, which means that changing a server's weight on the |
| fly will have no effect. On the other hand, it has no design |
| limitation on the number of servers, and when a server goes |
| up, it is always immediately reintroduced into the farm, once |
| the full map is recomputed. It also uses slightly less CPU to |
| run (around -1%). |
| |
| leastconn The server with the lowest number of connections receives the |
| connection. Round-robin is performed within groups of servers |
| of the same load to ensure that all servers will be used. Use |
| of this algorithm is recommended where very long sessions are |
| expected, such as LDAP, SQL, TSE, etc... but is not very well |
| suited for protocols using short sessions such as HTTP. This |
| algorithm is dynamic, which means that server weights may be |
| adjusted on the fly for slow starts for instance. |
| |
| first The first server with available connection slots receives the |
| connection. The servers are chosen from the lowest numeric |
| identifier to the highest (see server parameter "id"), which |
| defaults to the server's position in the farm. Once a server |
| reaches its maxconn value, the next server is used. It does |
| not make sense to use this algorithm without setting maxconn. |
| The purpose of this algorithm is to always use the smallest |
| number of servers so that extra servers can be powered off |
| during non-intensive hours. This algorithm ignores the server |
| weight, and brings more benefit to long session such as RDP |
| or IMAP than HTTP, though it can be useful there too. In |
| order to use this algorithm efficiently, it is recommended |
| that a cloud controller regularly checks server usage to turn |
| them off when unused, and regularly checks backend queue to |
| turn new servers on when the queue inflates. Alternatively, |
| using "http-check send-state" may inform servers on the load. |
| |
| source The source IP address is hashed and divided by the total |
| weight of the running servers to designate which server will |
| receive the request. This ensures that the same client IP |
| address will always reach the same server as long as no |
| server goes down or up. If the hash result changes due to the |
| number of running servers changing, many clients will be |
| directed to a different server. This algorithm is generally |
| used in TCP mode where no cookie may be inserted. It may also |
| be used on the Internet to provide a best-effort stickiness |
| to clients which refuse session cookies. This algorithm is |
| static by default, which means that changing a server's |
| weight on the fly will have no effect, but this can be |
| changed using "hash-type". |
| |
| uri This algorithm hashes either the left part of the URI (before |
| the question mark) or the whole URI (if the "whole" parameter |
| is present) and divides the hash value by the total weight of |
| the running servers. The result designates which server will |
| receive the request. This ensures that the same URI will |
| always be directed to the same server as long as no server |
| goes up or down. This is used with proxy caches and |
| anti-virus proxies in order to maximize the cache hit rate. |
| Note that this algorithm may only be used in an HTTP backend. |
| This algorithm is static by default, which means that |
| changing a server's weight on the fly will have no effect, |
| but this can be changed using "hash-type". |
| |
| This algorithm supports two optional parameters "len" and |
| "depth", both followed by a positive integer number. These |
| options may be helpful when it is needed to balance servers |
| based on the beginning of the URI only. The "len" parameter |
| indicates that the algorithm should only consider that many |
| characters at the beginning of the URI to compute the hash. |
| Note that having "len" set to 1 rarely makes sense since most |
| URIs start with a leading "/". |
| |
| The "depth" parameter indicates the maximum directory depth |
| to be used to compute the hash. One level is counted for each |
| slash in the request. If both parameters are specified, the |
| evaluation stops when either is reached. |
| |
| url_param The URL parameter specified in argument will be looked up in |
| the query string of each HTTP GET request. |
| |
| If the modifier "check_post" is used, then an HTTP POST |
| request entity will be searched for the parameter argument, |
| when it is not found in a query string after a question mark |
| ('?') in the URL. The message body will only start to be |
| analyzed once either the advertised amount of data has been |
| received or the request buffer is full. In the unlikely event |
| that chunked encoding is used, only the first chunk is |
| scanned. Parameter values separated by a chunk boundary, may |
| be randomly balanced if at all. This keyword used to support |
| an optional <max_wait> parameter which is now ignored. |
| |
| If the parameter is found followed by an equal sign ('=') and |
| a value, then the value is hashed and divided by the total |
| weight of the running servers. The result designates which |
| server will receive the request. |
| |
| This is used to track user identifiers in requests and ensure |
| that a same user ID will always be sent to the same server as |
| long as no server goes up or down. If no value is found or if |
| the parameter is not found, then a round robin algorithm is |
| applied. Note that this algorithm may only be used in an HTTP |
| backend. This algorithm is static by default, which means |
| that changing a server's weight on the fly will have no |
| effect, but this can be changed using "hash-type". |
| |
| hdr(<name>) The HTTP header <name> will be looked up in each HTTP |
| request. Just as with the equivalent ACL 'hdr()' function, |
| the header name in parenthesis is not case sensitive. If the |
| header is absent or if it does not contain any value, the |
| roundrobin algorithm is applied instead. |
| |
| An optional 'use_domain_only' parameter is available, for |
| reducing the hash algorithm to the main domain part with some |
| specific headers such as 'Host'. For instance, in the Host |
| value "haproxy.1wt.eu", only "1wt" will be considered. |
| |
| This algorithm is static by default, which means that |
| changing a server's weight on the fly will have no effect, |
| but this can be changed using "hash-type". |
| |
| rdp-cookie |
| rdp-cookie(<name>) |
| The RDP cookie <name> (or "mstshash" if omitted) will be |
| looked up and hashed for each incoming TCP request. Just as |
| with the equivalent ACL 'req_rdp_cookie()' function, the name |
| is not case-sensitive. This mechanism is useful as a degraded |
| persistence mode, as it makes it possible to always send the |
| same user (or the same session ID) to the same server. If the |
| cookie is not found, the normal roundrobin algorithm is |
| used instead. |
| |
| Note that for this to work, the frontend must ensure that an |
| RDP cookie is already present in the request buffer. For this |
| you must use 'tcp-request content accept' rule combined with |
| a 'req_rdp_cookie_cnt' ACL. |
| |
| This algorithm is static by default, which means that |
| changing a server's weight on the fly will have no effect, |
| but this can be changed using "hash-type". |
| |
| See also the rdp_cookie pattern fetch function. |
| |
| <arguments> is an optional list of arguments which may be needed by some |
| algorithms. Right now, only "url_param" and "uri" support an |
| optional argument. |
| |
| The load balancing algorithm of a backend is set to roundrobin when no other |
| algorithm, mode nor option have been set. The algorithm may only be set once |
| for each backend. |
| |
| Examples : |
| balance roundrobin |
| balance url_param userid |
| balance url_param session_id check_post 64 |
| balance hdr(User-Agent) |
| balance hdr(host) |
| balance hdr(Host) use_domain_only |
| |
| Note: the following caveats and limitations on using the "check_post" |
| extension with "url_param" must be considered : |
| |
| - all POST requests are eligible for consideration, because there is no way |
| to determine if the parameters will be found in the body or entity which |
| may contain binary data. Therefore another method may be required to |
| restrict consideration of POST requests that have no URL parameters in |
| the body. (see acl reqideny http_end) |
| |
| - using a <max_wait> value larger than the request buffer size does not |
| make sense and is useless. The buffer size is set at build time, and |
| defaults to 16 kB. |
| |
| - Content-Encoding is not supported, the parameter search will probably |
| fail; and load balancing will fall back to Round Robin. |
| |
| - Expect: 100-continue is not supported, load balancing will fall back to |
| Round Robin. |
| |
| - Transfer-Encoding (RFC2616 3.6.1) is only supported in the first chunk. |
| If the entire parameter value is not present in the first chunk, the |
| selection of server is undefined (actually, defined by how little |
| actually appeared in the first chunk). |
| |
| - This feature does not support generation of a 100, 411 or 501 response. |
| |
| - In some cases, requesting "check_post" MAY attempt to scan the entire |
| contents of a message body. Scanning normally terminates when linear |
| white space or control characters are found, indicating the end of what |
| might be a URL parameter list. This is probably not a concern with SGML |
| type message bodies. |
| |
| See also : "dispatch", "cookie", "appsession", "transparent", "hash-type" and |
| "http_proxy". |
| |
| |
| bind [<address>]:<port_range> [, ...] [param*] |
| bind /<path> [, ...] [param*] |
| Define one or several listening addresses and/or ports in a frontend. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | no |
| Arguments : |
| <address> is optional and can be a host name, an IPv4 address, an IPv6 |
| address, or '*'. It designates the address the frontend will |
| listen on. If unset, all IPv4 addresses of the system will be |
| listened on. The same will apply for '*' or the system's |
| special address "0.0.0.0". The IPv6 equivalent is '::'. |
| Optionally, an address family prefix may be used before the |
| address to force the family regardless of the address format, |
| which can be useful to specify a path to a unix socket with |
| no slash ('/'). Currently supported prefixes are : |
| - 'ipv4@' -> address is always IPv4 |
| - 'ipv6@' -> address is always IPv6 |
| - 'unix@' -> address is a path to a local unix socket |
| - 'abns@' -> address is in abstract namespace (Linux only). |
| Note: since abstract sockets are not "rebindable", they |
| do not cope well with multi-process mode during |
| soft-restart, so it is better to avoid them if |
| nbproc is greater than 1. The effect is that if the |
| new process fails to start, only one of the old ones |
| will be able to rebind to the socket. |
| - 'fd@<n>' -> use file descriptor <n> inherited from the |
| parent. The fd must be bound and may or may not already |
| be listening. |
| Any part of the address string may reference any number of |
| environment variables by preceding their name with a dollar |
| sign ('$') and optionally enclosing them with braces ('{}'), |
| similarly to what is done in Bourne shell. |
| |
| <port_range> is either a unique TCP port, or a port range for which the |
| proxy will accept connections for the IP address specified |
| above. The port is mandatory for TCP listeners. Note that in |
| the case of an IPv6 address, the port is always the number |
| after the last colon (':'). A range can either be : |
| - a numerical port (ex: '80') |
| - a dash-delimited ports range explicitly stating the lower |
| and upper bounds (ex: '2000-2100') which are included in |
| the range. |
| |
| Particular care must be taken against port ranges, because |
| every <address:port> couple consumes one socket (= a file |
| descriptor), so it's easy to consume lots of descriptors |
| with a simple range, and to run out of sockets. Also, each |
| <address:port> couple must be used only once among all |
| instances running on a same system. Please note that binding |
| to ports lower than 1024 generally require particular |
| privileges to start the program, which are independent of |
| the 'uid' parameter. |
| |
| <path> is a UNIX socket path beginning with a slash ('/'). This is |
| alternative to the TCP listening port. Haproxy will then |
| receive UNIX connections on the socket located at this place. |
| The path must begin with a slash and by default is absolute. |
| It can be relative to the prefix defined by "unix-bind" in |
| the global section. Note that the total length of the prefix |
| followed by the socket path cannot exceed some system limits |
| for UNIX sockets, which commonly are set to 107 characters. |
| |
| <param*> is a list of parameters common to all sockets declared on the |
| same line. These numerous parameters depend on OS and build |
| options and have a complete section dedicated to them. Please |
| refer to section 5 to for more details. |
| |
| It is possible to specify a list of address:port combinations delimited by |
| commas. The frontend will then listen on all of these addresses. There is no |
| fixed limit to the number of addresses and ports which can be listened on in |
| a frontend, as well as there is no limit to the number of "bind" statements |
| in a frontend. |
| |
| Example : |
| listen http_proxy |
| bind :80,:443 |
| bind 10.0.0.1:10080,10.0.0.1:10443 |
| bind /var/run/ssl-frontend.sock user root mode 600 accept-proxy |
| |
| listen http_https_proxy |
| bind :80 |
| bind :443 ssl crt /etc/haproxy/site.pem |
| |
| listen http_https_proxy_explicit |
| bind ipv6@:80 |
| bind ipv4@public_ssl:443 ssl crt /etc/haproxy/site.pem |
| bind unix@ssl-frontend.sock user root mode 600 accept-proxy |
| |
| listen external_bind_app1 |
| bind fd@${FD_APP1} |
| |
| See also : "source", "option forwardfor", "unix-bind" and the PROXY protocol |
| documentation, and section 5 about bind options. |
| |
| |
| bind-process [ all | odd | even | <number 1-64>[-<number 1-64>] ] ... |
| Limit visibility of an instance to a certain set of processes numbers. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| all All process will see this instance. This is the default. It |
| may be used to override a default value. |
| |
| odd This instance will be enabled on processes 1,3,5,...63. This |
| option may be combined with other numbers. |
| |
| even This instance will be enabled on processes 2,4,6,...64. This |
| option may be combined with other numbers. Do not use it |
| with less than 2 processes otherwise some instances might be |
| missing from all processes. |
| |
| number The instance will be enabled on this process number or range, |
| whose values must all be between 1 and 32 or 64 depending on |
| the machine's word size. If a proxy is bound to process |
| numbers greater than the configured global.nbproc, it will |
| either be forced to process #1 if a single process was |
| specified, or to all processes otherwise. |
| |
| This keyword limits binding of certain instances to certain processes. This |
| is useful in order not to have too many processes listening to the same |
| ports. For instance, on a dual-core machine, it might make sense to set |
| 'nbproc 2' in the global section, then distributes the listeners among 'odd' |
| and 'even' instances. |
| |
| At the moment, it is not possible to reference more than 32 or 64 processes |
| using this keyword, but this should be more than enough for most setups. |
| Please note that 'all' really means all processes regardless of the machine's |
| word size, and is not limited to the first 32 or 64. |
| |
| Each "bind" line may further be limited to a subset of the proxy's processes, |
| please consult the "process" bind keyword in section 5.1. |
| |
| When a frontend has no explicit "bind-process" line, it tries to bind to all |
| the processes referenced by its "bind" lines. That means that frontends can |
| easily adapt to their listeners' processes. |
| |
| If some backends are referenced by frontends bound to other processes, the |
| backend automatically inherits the frontend's processes. |
| |
| Example : |
| listen app_ip1 |
| bind 10.0.0.1:80 |
| bind-process odd |
| |
| listen app_ip2 |
| bind 10.0.0.2:80 |
| bind-process even |
| |
| listen management |
| bind 10.0.0.3:80 |
| bind-process 1 2 3 4 |
| |
| listen management |
| bind 10.0.0.4:80 |
| bind-process 1-4 |
| |
| See also : "nbproc" in global section, and "process" in section 5.1. |
| |
| |
| block { if | unless } <condition> |
| Block a layer 7 request if/unless a condition is matched |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | yes |
| |
| The HTTP request will be blocked very early in the layer 7 processing |
| if/unless <condition> is matched. A 403 error will be returned if the request |
| is blocked. The condition has to reference ACLs (see section 7). This is |
| typically used to deny access to certain sensitive resources if some |
| conditions are met or not met. There is no fixed limit to the number of |
| "block" statements per instance. |
| |
| Example: |
| acl invalid_src src 0.0.0.0/7 224.0.0.0/3 |
| acl invalid_src src_port 0:1023 |
| acl local_dst hdr(host) -i localhost |
| block if invalid_src || local_dst |
| |
| See section 7 about ACL usage. |
| |
| |
| capture cookie <name> len <length> |
| Capture and log a cookie in the request and in the response. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | no |
| Arguments : |
| <name> is the beginning of the name of the cookie to capture. In order |
| to match the exact name, simply suffix the name with an equal |
| sign ('='). The full name will appear in the logs, which is |
| useful with application servers which adjust both the cookie name |
| and value (eg: ASPSESSIONXXXXX). |
| |
| <length> is the maximum number of characters to report in the logs, which |
| include the cookie name, the equal sign and the value, all in the |
| standard "name=value" form. The string will be truncated on the |
| right if it exceeds <length>. |
| |
| Only the first cookie is captured. Both the "cookie" request headers and the |
| "set-cookie" response headers are monitored. This is particularly useful to |
| check for application bugs causing session crossing or stealing between |
| users, because generally the user's cookies can only change on a login page. |
| |
| When the cookie was not presented by the client, the associated log column |
| will report "-". When a request does not cause a cookie to be assigned by the |
| server, a "-" is reported in the response column. |
| |
| The capture is performed in the frontend only because it is necessary that |
| the log format does not change for a given frontend depending on the |
| backends. This may change in the future. Note that there can be only one |
| "capture cookie" statement in a frontend. The maximum capture length is set |
| by the global "tune.http.cookielen" setting and defaults to 63 characters. It |
| is not possible to specify a capture in a "defaults" section. |
| |
| Example: |
| capture cookie ASPSESSION len 32 |
| |
| See also : "capture request header", "capture response header" as well as |
| section 8 about logging. |
| |
| |
| capture request header <name> len <length> |
| Capture and log the last occurrence of the specified request header. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | no |
| Arguments : |
| <name> is the name of the header to capture. The header names are not |
| case-sensitive, but it is a common practice to write them as they |
| appear in the requests, with the first letter of each word in |
| upper case. The header name will not appear in the logs, only the |
| value is reported, but the position in the logs is respected. |
| |
| <length> is the maximum number of characters to extract from the value and |
| report in the logs. The string will be truncated on the right if |
| it exceeds <length>. |
| |
| The complete value of the last occurrence of the header is captured. The |
| value will be added to the logs between braces ('{}'). If multiple headers |
| are captured, they will be delimited by a vertical bar ('|') and will appear |
| in the same order they were declared in the configuration. Non-existent |
| headers will be logged just as an empty string. Common uses for request |
| header captures include the "Host" field in virtual hosting environments, the |
| "Content-length" when uploads are supported, "User-agent" to quickly |
| differentiate between real users and robots, and "X-Forwarded-For" in proxied |
| environments to find where the request came from. |
| |
| Note that when capturing headers such as "User-agent", some spaces may be |
| logged, making the log analysis more difficult. Thus be careful about what |
| you log if you know your log parser is not smart enough to rely on the |
| braces. |
| |
| There is no limit to the number of captured request headers nor to their |
| length, though it is wise to keep them low to limit memory usage per session. |
| In order to keep log format consistent for a same frontend, header captures |
| can only be declared in a frontend. It is not possible to specify a capture |
| in a "defaults" section. |
| |
| Example: |
| capture request header Host len 15 |
| capture request header X-Forwarded-For len 15 |
| capture request header Referrer len 15 |
| |
| See also : "capture cookie", "capture response header" as well as section 8 |
| about logging. |
| |
| |
| capture response header <name> len <length> |
| Capture and log the last occurrence of the specified response header. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | no |
| Arguments : |
| <name> is the name of the header to capture. The header names are not |
| case-sensitive, but it is a common practice to write them as they |
| appear in the response, with the first letter of each word in |
| upper case. The header name will not appear in the logs, only the |
| value is reported, but the position in the logs is respected. |
| |
| <length> is the maximum number of characters to extract from the value and |
| report in the logs. The string will be truncated on the right if |
| it exceeds <length>. |
| |
| The complete value of the last occurrence of the header is captured. The |
| result will be added to the logs between braces ('{}') after the captured |
| request headers. If multiple headers are captured, they will be delimited by |
| a vertical bar ('|') and will appear in the same order they were declared in |
| the configuration. Non-existent headers will be logged just as an empty |
| string. Common uses for response header captures include the "Content-length" |
| header which indicates how many bytes are expected to be returned, the |
| "Location" header to track redirections. |
| |
| There is no limit to the number of captured response headers nor to their |
| length, though it is wise to keep them low to limit memory usage per session. |
| In order to keep log format consistent for a same frontend, header captures |
| can only be declared in a frontend. It is not possible to specify a capture |
| in a "defaults" section. |
| |
| Example: |
| capture response header Content-length len 9 |
| capture response header Location len 15 |
| |
| See also : "capture cookie", "capture request header" as well as section 8 |
| about logging. |
| |
| |
| clitimeout <timeout> (deprecated) |
| Set the maximum inactivity time on the client side. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | no |
| Arguments : |
| <timeout> is the timeout value is specified in milliseconds by default, but |
| can be in any other unit if the number is suffixed by the unit, |
| as explained at the top of this document. |
| |
| The inactivity timeout applies when the client is expected to acknowledge or |
| send data. In HTTP mode, this timeout is particularly important to consider |
| during the first phase, when the client sends the request, and during the |
| response while it is reading data sent by the server. The value is specified |
| in milliseconds by default, but can be in any other unit if the number is |
| suffixed by the unit, as specified at the top of this document. In TCP mode |
| (and to a lesser extent, in HTTP mode), it is highly recommended that the |
| client timeout remains equal to the server timeout in order to avoid complex |
| situations to debug. It is a good practice to cover one or several TCP packet |
| losses by specifying timeouts that are slightly above multiples of 3 seconds |
| (eg: 4 or 5 seconds). |
| |
| This parameter is specific to frontends, but can be specified once for all in |
| "defaults" sections. This is in fact one of the easiest solutions not to |
| forget about it. An unspecified timeout results in an infinite timeout, which |
| is not recommended. Such a usage is accepted and works but reports a warning |
| during startup because it may results in accumulation of expired sessions in |
| the system if the system's timeouts are not configured either. |
| |
| This parameter is provided for compatibility but is currently deprecated. |
| Please use "timeout client" instead. |
| |
| See also : "timeout client", "timeout http-request", "timeout server", and |
| "srvtimeout". |
| |
| compression algo <algorithm> ... |
| compression type <mime type> ... |
| compression offload |
| Enable HTTP compression. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| algo is followed by the list of supported compression algorithms. |
| type is followed by the list of MIME types that will be compressed. |
| offload makes haproxy work as a compression offloader only (see notes). |
| |
| The currently supported algorithms are : |
| identity this is mostly for debugging, and it was useful for developing |
| the compression feature. Identity does not apply any change on |
| data. |
| |
| gzip applies gzip compression. This setting is only available when |
| support for zlib was built in. |
| |
| deflate same as "gzip", but with deflate algorithm and zlib format. |
| Note that this algorithm has ambiguous support on many |
| browsers and no support at all from recent ones. It is |
| strongly recommended not to use it for anything else than |
| experimentation. This setting is only available when support |
| for zlib was built in. |
| |
| raw-deflate same as "deflate" without the zlib wrapper, and used as an |
| alternative when the browser wants "deflate". All major |
| browsers understand it and despite violating the standards, |
| it is known to work better than "deflate", at least on MSIE |
| and some versions of Safari. Do not use it in conjunction |
| with "deflate", use either one or the other since both react |
| to the same Accept-Encoding token. This setting is only |
| available when support for zlib was built in. |
| |
| Compression will be activated depending on the Accept-Encoding request |
| header. With identity, it does not take care of that header. |
| If backend servers support HTTP compression, these directives |
| will be no-op: haproxy will see the compressed response and will not |
| compress again. If backend servers do not support HTTP compression and |
| there is Accept-Encoding header in request, haproxy will compress the |
| matching response. |
| |
| The "offload" setting makes haproxy remove the Accept-Encoding header to |
| prevent backend servers from compressing responses. It is strongly |
| recommended not to do this because this means that all the compression work |
| will be done on the single point where haproxy is located. However in some |
| deployment scenarios, haproxy may be installed in front of a buggy gateway |
| with broken HTTP compression implementation which can't be turned off. |
| In that case haproxy can be used to prevent that gateway from emitting |
| invalid payloads. In this case, simply removing the header in the |
| configuration does not work because it applies before the header is parsed, |
| so that prevents haproxy from compressing. The "offload" setting should |
| then be used for such scenarios. Note: for now, the "offload" setting is |
| ignored when set in a defaults section. |
| |
| Compression is disabled when: |
| * the request does not advertise a supported compression algorithm in the |
| "Accept-Encoding" header |
| * the response message is not HTTP/1.1 |
| * HTTP status code is not 200 |
| * response header "Transfer-Encoding" contains "chunked" (Temporary |
| Workaround) |
| * response contain neither a "Content-Length" header nor a |
| "Transfer-Encoding" whose last value is "chunked" |
| * response contains a "Content-Type" header whose first value starts with |
| "multipart" |
| * the response contains the "no-transform" value in the "Cache-control" |
| header |
| * User-Agent matches "Mozilla/4" unless it is MSIE 6 with XP SP2, or MSIE 7 |
| and later |
| * The response contains a "Content-Encoding" header, indicating that the |
| response is already compressed (see compression offload) |
| |
| Note: The compression does not rewrite Etag headers, and does not emit the |
| Warning header. |
| |
| Examples : |
| compression algo gzip |
| compression type text/html text/plain |
| |
| contimeout <timeout> (deprecated) |
| Set the maximum time to wait for a connection attempt to a server to succeed. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <timeout> is the timeout value is specified in milliseconds by default, but |
| can be in any other unit if the number is suffixed by the unit, |
| as explained at the top of this document. |
| |
| If the server is located on the same LAN as haproxy, the connection should be |
| immediate (less than a few milliseconds). Anyway, it is a good practice to |
| cover one or several TCP packet losses by specifying timeouts that are |
| slightly above multiples of 3 seconds (eg: 4 or 5 seconds). By default, the |
| connect timeout also presets the queue timeout to the same value if this one |
| has not been specified. Historically, the contimeout was also used to set the |
| tarpit timeout in a listen section, which is not possible in a pure frontend. |
| |
| This parameter is specific to backends, but can be specified once for all in |
| "defaults" sections. This is in fact one of the easiest solutions not to |
| forget about it. An unspecified timeout results in an infinite timeout, which |
| is not recommended. Such a usage is accepted and works but reports a warning |
| during startup because it may results in accumulation of failed sessions in |
| the system if the system's timeouts are not configured either. |
| |
| This parameter is provided for backwards compatibility but is currently |
| deprecated. Please use "timeout connect", "timeout queue" or "timeout tarpit" |
| instead. |
| |
| See also : "timeout connect", "timeout queue", "timeout tarpit", |
| "timeout server", "contimeout". |
| |
| |
| cookie <name> [ rewrite | insert | prefix ] [ indirect ] [ nocache ] |
| [ postonly ] [ preserve ] [ httponly ] [ secure ] |
| [ domain <domain> ]* [ maxidle <idle> ] [ maxlife <life> ] |
| Enable cookie-based persistence in a backend. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <name> is the name of the cookie which will be monitored, modified or |
| inserted in order to bring persistence. This cookie is sent to |
| the client via a "Set-Cookie" header in the response, and is |
| brought back by the client in a "Cookie" header in all requests. |
| Special care should be taken to choose a name which does not |
| conflict with any likely application cookie. Also, if the same |
| backends are subject to be used by the same clients (eg: |
| HTTP/HTTPS), care should be taken to use different cookie names |
| between all backends if persistence between them is not desired. |
| |
| rewrite This keyword indicates that the cookie will be provided by the |
| server and that haproxy will have to modify its value to set the |
| server's identifier in it. This mode is handy when the management |
| of complex combinations of "Set-cookie" and "Cache-control" |
| headers is left to the application. The application can then |
| decide whether or not it is appropriate to emit a persistence |
| cookie. Since all responses should be monitored, this mode only |
| works in HTTP close mode. Unless the application behaviour is |
| very complex and/or broken, it is advised not to start with this |
| mode for new deployments. This keyword is incompatible with |
| "insert" and "prefix". |
| |
| insert This keyword indicates that the persistence cookie will have to |
| be inserted by haproxy in server responses if the client did not |
| |
| already have a cookie that would have permitted it to access this |
| server. When used without the "preserve" option, if the server |
| emits a cookie with the same name, it will be remove before |
| processing. For this reason, this mode can be used to upgrade |
| existing configurations running in the "rewrite" mode. The cookie |
| will only be a session cookie and will not be stored on the |
| client's disk. By default, unless the "indirect" option is added, |
| the server will see the cookies emitted by the client. Due to |
| caching effects, it is generally wise to add the "nocache" or |
| "postonly" keywords (see below). The "insert" keyword is not |
| compatible with "rewrite" and "prefix". |
| |
| prefix This keyword indicates that instead of relying on a dedicated |
| cookie for the persistence, an existing one will be completed. |
| This may be needed in some specific environments where the client |
| does not support more than one single cookie and the application |
| already needs it. In this case, whenever the server sets a cookie |
| named <name>, it will be prefixed with the server's identifier |
| and a delimiter. The prefix will be removed from all client |
| requests so that the server still finds the cookie it emitted. |
| Since all requests and responses are subject to being modified, |
| this mode requires the HTTP close mode. The "prefix" keyword is |
| not compatible with "rewrite" and "insert". Note: it is highly |
| recommended not to use "indirect" with "prefix", otherwise server |
| cookie updates would not be sent to clients. |
| |
| indirect When this option is specified, no cookie will be emitted to a |
| client which already has a valid one for the server which has |
| processed the request. If the server sets such a cookie itself, |
| it will be removed, unless the "preserve" option is also set. In |
| "insert" mode, this will additionally remove cookies from the |
| requests transmitted to the server, making the persistence |
| mechanism totally transparent from an application point of view. |
| Note: it is highly recommended not to use "indirect" with |
| "prefix", otherwise server cookie updates would not be sent to |
| clients. |
| |
| nocache This option is recommended in conjunction with the insert mode |
| when there is a cache between the client and HAProxy, as it |
| ensures that a cacheable response will be tagged non-cacheable if |
| a cookie needs to be inserted. This is important because if all |
| persistence cookies are added on a cacheable home page for |
| instance, then all customers will then fetch the page from an |
| outer cache and will all share the same persistence cookie, |
| leading to one server receiving much more traffic than others. |
| See also the "insert" and "postonly" options. |
| |
| postonly This option ensures that cookie insertion will only be performed |
| on responses to POST requests. It is an alternative to the |
| "nocache" option, because POST responses are not cacheable, so |
| this ensures that the persistence cookie will never get cached. |
| Since most sites do not need any sort of persistence before the |
| first POST which generally is a login request, this is a very |
| efficient method to optimize caching without risking to find a |
| persistence cookie in the cache. |
| See also the "insert" and "nocache" options. |
| |
| preserve This option may only be used with "insert" and/or "indirect". It |
| allows the server to emit the persistence cookie itself. In this |
| case, if a cookie is found in the response, haproxy will leave it |
| untouched. This is useful in order to end persistence after a |
| logout request for instance. For this, the server just has to |
| emit a cookie with an invalid value (eg: empty) or with a date in |
| the past. By combining this mechanism with the "disable-on-404" |
| check option, it is possible to perform a completely graceful |
| shutdown because users will definitely leave the server after |
| they logout. |
| |
| httponly This option tells haproxy to add an "HttpOnly" cookie attribute |
| when a cookie is inserted. This attribute is used so that a |
| user agent doesn't share the cookie with non-HTTP components. |
| Please check RFC6265 for more information on this attribute. |
| |
| secure This option tells haproxy to add a "Secure" cookie attribute when |
| a cookie is inserted. This attribute is used so that a user agent |
| never emits this cookie over non-secure channels, which means |
| that a cookie learned with this flag will be presented only over |
| SSL/TLS connections. Please check RFC6265 for more information on |
| this attribute. |
| |
| domain This option allows to specify the domain at which a cookie is |
| inserted. It requires exactly one parameter: a valid domain |
| name. If the domain begins with a dot, the browser is allowed to |
| use it for any host ending with that name. It is also possible to |
| specify several domain names by invoking this option multiple |
| times. Some browsers might have small limits on the number of |
| domains, so be careful when doing that. For the record, sending |
| 10 domains to MSIE 6 or Firefox 2 works as expected. |
| |
| maxidle This option allows inserted cookies to be ignored after some idle |
| time. It only works with insert-mode cookies. When a cookie is |
| sent to the client, the date this cookie was emitted is sent too. |
| Upon further presentations of this cookie, if the date is older |
| than the delay indicated by the parameter (in seconds), it will |
| be ignored. Otherwise, it will be refreshed if needed when the |
| response is sent to the client. This is particularly useful to |
| prevent users who never close their browsers from remaining for |
| too long on the same server (eg: after a farm size change). When |
| this option is set and a cookie has no date, it is always |
| accepted, but gets refreshed in the response. This maintains the |
| ability for admins to access their sites. Cookies that have a |
| date in the future further than 24 hours are ignored. Doing so |
| lets admins fix timezone issues without risking kicking users off |
| the site. |
| |
| maxlife This option allows inserted cookies to be ignored after some life |
| time, whether they're in use or not. It only works with insert |
| mode cookies. When a cookie is first sent to the client, the date |
| this cookie was emitted is sent too. Upon further presentations |
| of this cookie, if the date is older than the delay indicated by |
| the parameter (in seconds), it will be ignored. If the cookie in |
| the request has no date, it is accepted and a date will be set. |
| Cookies that have a date in the future further than 24 hours are |
| ignored. Doing so lets admins fix timezone issues without risking |
| kicking users off the site. Contrary to maxidle, this value is |
| not refreshed, only the first visit date counts. Both maxidle and |
| maxlife may be used at the time. This is particularly useful to |
| prevent users who never close their browsers from remaining for |
| too long on the same server (eg: after a farm size change). This |
| is stronger than the maxidle method in that it forces a |
| redispatch after some absolute delay. |
| |
| There can be only one persistence cookie per HTTP backend, and it can be |
| declared in a defaults section. The value of the cookie will be the value |
| indicated after the "cookie" keyword in a "server" statement. If no cookie |
| is declared for a given server, the cookie is not set. |
| |
| Examples : |
| cookie JSESSIONID prefix |
| cookie SRV insert indirect nocache |
| cookie SRV insert postonly indirect |
| cookie SRV insert indirect nocache maxidle 30m maxlife 8h |
| |
| See also : "appsession", "balance source", "capture cookie", "server" |
| and "ignore-persist". |
| |
| |
| default-server [param*] |
| Change default options for a server in a backend |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments: |
| <param*> is a list of parameters for this server. The "default-server" |
| keyword accepts an important number of options and has a complete |
| section dedicated to it. Please refer to section 5 for more |
| details. |
| |
| Example : |
| default-server inter 1000 weight 13 |
| |
| See also: "server" and section 5 about server options |
| |
| |
| default_backend <backend> |
| Specify the backend to use when no "use_backend" rule has been matched. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | no |
| Arguments : |
| <backend> is the name of the backend to use. |
| |
| When doing content-switching between frontend and backends using the |
| "use_backend" keyword, it is often useful to indicate which backend will be |
| used when no rule has matched. It generally is the dynamic backend which |
| will catch all undetermined requests. |
| |
| Example : |
| |
| use_backend dynamic if url_dyn |
| use_backend static if url_css url_img extension_img |
| default_backend dynamic |
| |
| See also : "use_backend", "reqsetbe", "reqisetbe" |
| |
| |
| description <string> |
| Describe a listen, frontend or backend. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : string |
| |
| Allows to add a sentence to describe the related object in the HAProxy HTML |
| stats page. The description will be printed on the right of the object name |
| it describes. |
| No need to backslash spaces in the <string> arguments. |
| |
| |
| disabled |
| Disable a proxy, frontend or backend. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| The "disabled" keyword is used to disable an instance, mainly in order to |
| liberate a listening port or to temporarily disable a service. The instance |
| will still be created and its configuration will be checked, but it will be |
| created in the "stopped" state and will appear as such in the statistics. It |
| will not receive any traffic nor will it send any health-checks or logs. It |
| is possible to disable many instances at once by adding the "disabled" |
| keyword in a "defaults" section. |
| |
| See also : "enabled" |
| |
| |
| dispatch <address>:<port> |
| Set a default server address |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| |
| <address> is the IPv4 address of the default server. Alternatively, a |
| resolvable hostname is supported, but this name will be resolved |
| during start-up. |
| |
| <ports> is a mandatory port specification. All connections will be sent |
| to this port, and it is not permitted to use port offsets as is |
| possible with normal servers. |
| |
| The "dispatch" keyword designates a default server for use when no other |
| server can take the connection. In the past it was used to forward non |
| persistent connections to an auxiliary load balancer. Due to its simple |
| syntax, it has also been used for simple TCP relays. It is recommended not to |
| use it for more clarity, and to use the "server" directive instead. |
| |
| See also : "server" |
| |
| |
| enabled |
| Enable a proxy, frontend or backend. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| The "enabled" keyword is used to explicitly enable an instance, when the |
| defaults has been set to "disabled". This is very rarely used. |
| |
| See also : "disabled" |
| |
| |
| errorfile <code> <file> |
| Return a file contents instead of errors generated by HAProxy |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <code> is the HTTP status code. Currently, HAProxy is capable of |
| generating codes 200, 400, 403, 405, 408, 429, 500, 502, 503, and |
| 504. |
| |
| <file> designates a file containing the full HTTP response. It is |
| recommended to follow the common practice of appending ".http" to |
| the filename so that people do not confuse the response with HTML |
| error pages, and to use absolute paths, since files are read |
| before any chroot is performed. |
| |
| It is important to understand that this keyword is not meant to rewrite |
| errors returned by the server, but errors detected and returned by HAProxy. |
| This is why the list of supported errors is limited to a small set. |
| |
| Code 200 is emitted in response to requests matching a "monitor-uri" rule. |
| |
| The files are returned verbatim on the TCP socket. This allows any trick such |
| as redirections to another URL or site, as well as tricks to clean cookies, |
| force enable or disable caching, etc... The package provides default error |
| files returning the same contents as default errors. |
| |
| The files should not exceed the configured buffer size (BUFSIZE), which |
| generally is 8 or 16 kB, otherwise they will be truncated. It is also wise |
| not to put any reference to local contents (eg: images) in order to avoid |
| loops between the client and HAProxy when all servers are down, causing an |
| error to be returned instead of an image. For better HTTP compliance, it is |
| recommended that all header lines end with CR-LF and not LF alone. |
| |
| The files are read at the same time as the configuration and kept in memory. |
| For this reason, the errors continue to be returned even when the process is |
| chrooted, and no file change is considered while the process is running. A |
| simple method for developing those files consists in associating them to the |
| 403 status code and interrogating a blocked URL. |
| |
| See also : "errorloc", "errorloc302", "errorloc303" |
| |
| Example : |
| errorfile 400 /etc/haproxy/errorfiles/400badreq.http |
| errorfile 408 /dev/null # workaround Chrome pre-connect bug |
| errorfile 403 /etc/haproxy/errorfiles/403forbid.http |
| errorfile 503 /etc/haproxy/errorfiles/503sorry.http |
| |
| |
| errorloc <code> <url> |
| errorloc302 <code> <url> |
| Return an HTTP redirection to a URL instead of errors generated by HAProxy |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <code> is the HTTP status code. Currently, HAProxy is capable of |
| generating codes 200, 400, 403, 408, 500, 502, 503, and 504. |
| |
| <url> it is the exact contents of the "Location" header. It may contain |
| either a relative URI to an error page hosted on the same site, |
| or an absolute URI designating an error page on another site. |
| Special care should be given to relative URIs to avoid redirect |
| loops if the URI itself may generate the same error (eg: 500). |
| |
| It is important to understand that this keyword is not meant to rewrite |
| errors returned by the server, but errors detected and returned by HAProxy. |
| This is why the list of supported errors is limited to a small set. |
| |
| Code 200 is emitted in response to requests matching a "monitor-uri" rule. |
| |
| Note that both keyword return the HTTP 302 status code, which tells the |
| client to fetch the designated URL using the same HTTP method. This can be |
| quite problematic in case of non-GET methods such as POST, because the URL |
| sent to the client might not be allowed for something other than GET. To |
| workaround this problem, please use "errorloc303" which send the HTTP 303 |
| status code, indicating to the client that the URL must be fetched with a GET |
| request. |
| |
| See also : "errorfile", "errorloc303" |
| |
| |
| errorloc303 <code> <url> |
| Return an HTTP redirection to a URL instead of errors generated by HAProxy |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <code> is the HTTP status code. Currently, HAProxy is capable of |
| generating codes 400, 403, 408, 500, 502, 503, and 504. |
| |
| <url> it is the exact contents of the "Location" header. It may contain |
| either a relative URI to an error page hosted on the same site, |
| or an absolute URI designating an error page on another site. |
| Special care should be given to relative URIs to avoid redirect |
| loops if the URI itself may generate the same error (eg: 500). |
| |
| It is important to understand that this keyword is not meant to rewrite |
| errors returned by the server, but errors detected and returned by HAProxy. |
| This is why the list of supported errors is limited to a small set. |
| |
| Code 200 is emitted in response to requests matching a "monitor-uri" rule. |
| |
| Note that both keyword return the HTTP 303 status code, which tells the |
| client to fetch the designated URL using the same HTTP GET method. This |
| solves the usual problems associated with "errorloc" and the 302 code. It is |
| possible that some very old browsers designed before HTTP/1.1 do not support |
| it, but no such problem has been reported till now. |
| |
| See also : "errorfile", "errorloc", "errorloc302" |
| |
| |
| email-alert from <emailaddr> |
| Declare the from email address to be used in both the envelope and header |
| of email alerts. This is the address that email alerts are sent from. |
| May be used in sections: defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| |
| Arguments : |
| |
| <emailaddr> is the from email address to use when sending email alerts |
| |
| Also requires "email-alert mailers" and "email-alert to" to be set |
| and if so sending email alerts is enabled for the proxy. |
| |
| See also : "email-alert level", "email-alert mailers", |
| "email-alert myhostname", "email-alert to", section 3.6 about mailers. |
| |
| |
| email-alert level <level> |
| Declare the maximum log level of messages for which email alerts will be |
| sent. This acts as a filter on the sending of email alerts. |
| May be used in sections: defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| |
| Arguments : |
| |
| <level> One of the 8 syslog levels: |
| emerg alert crit err warning notice info debug |
| The above syslog levels are ordered from lowest to highest. |
| |
| By default level is alert |
| |
| Also requires "email-alert from", "email-alert mailers" and |
| "email-alert to" to be set and if so sending email alerts is enabled |
| for the proxy. |
| |
| See also : "email-alert from", "email-alert mailers", |
| "email-alert myhostname", "email-alert to", |
| section 3.6 about mailers. |
| |
| |
| email-alert mailers <mailersect> |
| Declare the mailers to be used when sending email alerts |
| May be used in sections: defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| |
| Arguments : |
| |
| <mailersect> is the name of the mailers section to send email alerts. |
| |
| Also requires "email-alert from" and "email-alert to" to be set |
| and if so sending email alerts is enabled for the proxy. |
| |
| See also : "email-alert from", "email-alert level", "email-alert myhostname", |
| "email-alert to", section 3.6 about mailers. |
| |
| |
| email-alert myhostname <hostname> |
| Declare the to hostname address to be used when communicating with |
| mailers. |
| May be used in sections: defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| |
| Arguments : |
| |
| <emailaddr> is the to email address to use when sending email alerts |
| |
| By default the systems hostname is used. |
| |
| Also requires "email-alert from", "email-alert mailers" and |
| "email-alert to" to be set and if so sending email alerts is enabled |
| for the proxy. |
| |
| See also : "email-alert from", "email-alert level", "email-alert mailers", |
| "email-alert to", section 3.6 about mailers. |
| |
| |
| email-alert to <emailaddr> |
| Declare both the recipent address in the envelope and to address in the |
| header of email alerts. This is the address that email alerts are sent to. |
| May be used in sections: defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| |
| Arguments : |
| |
| <emailaddr> is the to email address to use when sending email alerts |
| |
| Also requires "email-alert mailers" and "email-alert to" to be set |
| and if so sending email alerts is enabled for the proxy. |
| |
| See also : "email-alert from", "email-alert level", "email-alert mailers", |
| "email-alert myhostname", section 3.6 about mailers. |
| |
| |
| force-persist { if | unless } <condition> |
| Declare a condition to force persistence on down servers |
| May be used in sections: defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | yes |
| |
| By default, requests are not dispatched to down servers. It is possible to |
| force this using "option persist", but it is unconditional and redispatches |
| to a valid server if "option redispatch" is set. That leaves with very little |
| possibilities to force some requests to reach a server which is artificially |
| marked down for maintenance operations. |
| |
| The "force-persist" statement allows one to declare various ACL-based |
| conditions which, when met, will cause a request to ignore the down status of |
| a server and still try to connect to it. That makes it possible to start a |
| server, still replying an error to the health checks, and run a specially |
| configured browser to test the service. Among the handy methods, one could |
| use a specific source IP address, or a specific cookie. The cookie also has |
| the advantage that it can easily be added/removed on the browser from a test |
| page. Once the service is validated, it is then possible to open the service |
| to the world by returning a valid response to health checks. |
| |
| The forced persistence is enabled when an "if" condition is met, or unless an |
| "unless" condition is met. The final redispatch is always disabled when this |
| is used. |
| |
| See also : "option redispatch", "ignore-persist", "persist", |
| and section 7 about ACL usage. |
| |
| |
| fullconn <conns> |
| Specify at what backend load the servers will reach their maxconn |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <conns> is the number of connections on the backend which will make the |
| servers use the maximal number of connections. |
| |
| When a server has a "maxconn" parameter specified, it means that its number |
| of concurrent connections will never go higher. Additionally, if it has a |
| "minconn" parameter, it indicates a dynamic limit following the backend's |
| load. The server will then always accept at least <minconn> connections, |
| never more than <maxconn>, and the limit will be on the ramp between both |
| values when the backend has less than <conns> concurrent connections. This |
| makes it possible to limit the load on the servers during normal loads, but |
| push it further for important loads without overloading the servers during |
| exceptional loads. |
| |
| Since it's hard to get this value right, haproxy automatically sets it to |
| 10% of the sum of the maxconns of all frontends that may branch to this |
| backend (based on "use_backend" and "default_backend" rules). That way it's |
| safe to leave it unset. However, "use_backend" involving dynamic names are |
| not counted since there is no way to know if they could match or not. |
| |
| Example : |
| # The servers will accept between 100 and 1000 concurrent connections each |
| # and the maximum of 1000 will be reached when the backend reaches 10000 |
| # connections. |
| backend dynamic |
| fullconn 10000 |
| server srv1 dyn1:80 minconn 100 maxconn 1000 |
| server srv2 dyn2:80 minconn 100 maxconn 1000 |
| |
| See also : "maxconn", "server" |
| |
| |
| grace <time> |
| Maintain a proxy operational for some time after a soft stop |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <time> is the time (by default in milliseconds) for which the instance |
| will remain operational with the frontend sockets still listening |
| when a soft-stop is received via the SIGUSR1 signal. |
| |
| This may be used to ensure that the services disappear in a certain order. |
| This was designed so that frontends which are dedicated to monitoring by an |
| external equipment fail immediately while other ones remain up for the time |
| needed by the equipment to detect the failure. |
| |
| Note that currently, there is very little benefit in using this parameter, |
| and it may in fact complicate the soft-reconfiguration process more than |
| simplify it. |
| |
| |
| hash-type <method> <function> <modifier> |
| Specify a method to use for mapping hashes to servers |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <method> is the method used to select a server from the hash computed by |
| the <function> : |
| |
| map-based the hash table is a static array containing all alive servers. |
| The hashes will be very smooth, will consider weights, but |
| will be static in that weight changes while a server is up |
| will be ignored. This means that there will be no slow start. |
| Also, since a server is selected by its position in the array, |
| most mappings are changed when the server count changes. This |
| means that when a server goes up or down, or when a server is |
| added to a farm, most connections will be redistributed to |
| different servers. This can be inconvenient with caches for |
| instance. |
| |
| consistent the hash table is a tree filled with many occurrences of each |
| server. The hash key is looked up in the tree and the closest |
| server is chosen. This hash is dynamic, it supports changing |
| weights while the servers are up, so it is compatible with the |
| slow start feature. It has the advantage that when a server |
| goes up or down, only its associations are moved. When a |
| server is added to the farm, only a few part of the mappings |
| are redistributed, making it an ideal method for caches. |
| However, due to its principle, the distribution will never be |
| very smooth and it may sometimes be necessary to adjust a |
| server's weight or its ID to get a more balanced distribution. |
| In order to get the same distribution on multiple load |
| balancers, it is important that all servers have the exact |
| same IDs. Note: consistent hash uses sdbm and avalanche if no |
| hash function is specified. |
| |
| <function> is the hash function to be used : |
| |
| sdbm this function was created initially for sdbm (a public-domain |
| reimplementation of ndbm) database library. It was found to do |
| well in scrambling bits, causing better distribution of the keys |
| and fewer splits. It also happens to be a good general hashing |
| function with good distribution, unless the total server weight |
| is a multiple of 64, in which case applying the avalanche |
| modifier may help. |
| |
| djb2 this function was first proposed by Dan Bernstein many years ago |
| on comp.lang.c. Studies have shown that for certain workload this |
| function provides a better distribution than sdbm. It generally |
| works well with text-based inputs though it can perform extremely |
| poorly with numeric-only input or when the total server weight is |
| a multiple of 33, unless the avalanche modifier is also used. |
| |
| wt6 this function was designed for haproxy while testing other |
| functions in the past. It is not as smooth as the other ones, but |
| is much less sensible to the input data set or to the number of |
| servers. It can make sense as an alternative to sdbm+avalanche or |
| djb2+avalanche for consistent hashing or when hashing on numeric |
| data such as a source IP address or a visitor identifier in a URL |
| parameter. |
| |
| crc32 this is the most common CRC32 implementation as used in Ethernet, |
| gzip, PNG, etc. It is slower than the other ones but may provide |
| a better distribution or less predictable results especially when |
| used on strings. |
| |
| <modifier> indicates an optional method applied after hashing the key : |
| |
| avalanche This directive indicates that the result from the hash |
| function above should not be used in its raw form but that |
| a 4-byte full avalanche hash must be applied first. The |
| purpose of this step is to mix the resulting bits from the |
| previous hash in order to avoid any undesired effect when |
| the input contains some limited values or when the number of |
| servers is a multiple of one of the hash's components (64 |
| for SDBM, 33 for DJB2). Enabling avalanche tends to make the |
| result less predictable, but it's also not as smooth as when |
| using the original function. Some testing might be needed |
| with some workloads. This hash is one of the many proposed |
| by Bob Jenkins. |
| |
| The default hash type is "map-based" and is recommended for most usages. The |
| default function is "sdbm", the selection of a function should be based on |
| the range of the values being hashed. |
| |
| See also : "balance", "server" |
| |
| |
| http-check disable-on-404 |
| Enable a maintenance mode upon HTTP/404 response to health-checks |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| When this option is set, a server which returns an HTTP code 404 will be |
| excluded from further load-balancing, but will still receive persistent |
| connections. This provides a very convenient method for Web administrators |
| to perform a graceful shutdown of their servers. It is also important to note |
| that a server which is detected as failed while it was in this mode will not |
| generate an alert, just a notice. If the server responds 2xx or 3xx again, it |
| will immediately be reinserted into the farm. The status on the stats page |
| reports "NOLB" for a server in this mode. It is important to note that this |
| option only works in conjunction with the "httpchk" option. If this option |
| is used with "http-check expect", then it has precedence over it so that 404 |
| responses will still be considered as soft-stop. |
| |
| See also : "option httpchk", "http-check expect" |
| |
| |
| http-check expect [!] <match> <pattern> |
| Make HTTP health checks consider response contents or specific status codes |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <match> is a keyword indicating how to look for a specific pattern in the |
| response. The keyword may be one of "status", "rstatus", |
| "string", or "rstring". The keyword may be preceded by an |
| exclamation mark ("!") to negate the match. Spaces are allowed |
| between the exclamation mark and the keyword. See below for more |
| details on the supported keywords. |
| |
| <pattern> is the pattern to look for. It may be a string or a regular |
| expression. If the pattern contains spaces, they must be escaped |
| with the usual backslash ('\'). |
| |
| By default, "option httpchk" considers that response statuses 2xx and 3xx |
| are valid, and that others are invalid. When "http-check expect" is used, |
| it defines what is considered valid or invalid. Only one "http-check" |
| statement is supported in a backend. If a server fails to respond or times |
| out, the check obviously fails. The available matches are : |
| |
| status <string> : test the exact string match for the HTTP status code. |
| A health check response will be considered valid if the |
| response's status code is exactly this string. If the |
| "status" keyword is prefixed with "!", then the response |
| will be considered invalid if the status code matches. |
| |
| rstatus <regex> : test a regular expression for the HTTP status code. |
| A health check response will be considered valid if the |
| response's status code matches the expression. If the |
| "rstatus" keyword is prefixed with "!", then the response |
| will be considered invalid if the status code matches. |
| This is mostly used to check for multiple codes. |
| |
| string <string> : test the exact string match in the HTTP response body. |
| A health check response will be considered valid if the |
| response's body contains this exact string. If the |
| "string" keyword is prefixed with "!", then the response |
| will be considered invalid if the body contains this |
| string. This can be used to look for a mandatory word at |
| the end of a dynamic page, or to detect a failure when a |
| specific error appears on the check page (eg: a stack |
| trace). |
| |
| rstring <regex> : test a regular expression on the HTTP response body. |
| A health check response will be considered valid if the |
| response's body matches this expression. If the "rstring" |
| keyword is prefixed with "!", then the response will be |
| considered invalid if the body matches the expression. |
| This can be used to look for a mandatory word at the end |
| of a dynamic page, or to detect a failure when a specific |
| error appears on the check page (eg: a stack trace). |
| |
| It is important to note that the responses will be limited to a certain size |
| defined by the global "tune.chksize" option, which defaults to 16384 bytes. |
| Thus, too large responses may not contain the mandatory pattern when using |
| "string" or "rstring". If a large response is absolutely required, it is |
| possible to change the default max size by setting the global variable. |
| However, it is worth keeping in mind that parsing very large responses can |
| waste some CPU cycles, especially when regular expressions are used, and that |
| it is always better to focus the checks on smaller resources. |
| |
| Also "http-check expect" doesn't support HTTP keep-alive. Keep in mind that it |
| will automatically append a "Connection: close" header, meaning that this |
| header should not be present in the request provided by "option httpchk". |
| |
| Last, if "http-check expect" is combined with "http-check disable-on-404", |
| then this last one has precedence when the server responds with 404. |
| |
| Examples : |
| # only accept status 200 as valid |
| http-check expect status 200 |
| |
| # consider SQL errors as errors |
| http-check expect ! string SQL\ Error |
| |
| # consider status 5xx only as errors |
| http-check expect ! rstatus ^5 |
| |
| # check that we have a correct hexadecimal tag before /html |
| http-check expect rstring <!--tag:[0-9a-f]*</html> |
| |
| See also : "option httpchk", "http-check disable-on-404" |
| |
| |
| http-check send-state |
| Enable emission of a state header with HTTP health checks |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| When this option is set, haproxy will systematically send a special header |
| "X-Haproxy-Server-State" with a list of parameters indicating to each server |
| how they are seen by haproxy. This can be used for instance when a server is |
| manipulated without access to haproxy and the operator needs to know whether |
| haproxy still sees it up or not, or if the server is the last one in a farm. |
| |
| The header is composed of fields delimited by semi-colons, the first of which |
| is a word ("UP", "DOWN", "NOLB"), possibly followed by a number of valid |
| checks on the total number before transition, just as appears in the stats |
| interface. Next headers are in the form "<variable>=<value>", indicating in |
| no specific order some values available in the stats interface : |
| - a variable "address", containing the address of the backend server. |
| This corresponds to the <address> field in the server declaration. For |
| unix domain sockets, it will read "unix". |
| |
| - a variable "port", containing the port of the backend server. This |
| corresponds to the <port> field in the server declaration. For unix |
| domain sockets, it will read "unix". |
| |
| - a variable "name", containing the name of the backend followed by a slash |
| ("/") then the name of the server. This can be used when a server is |
| checked in multiple backends. |
| |
| - a variable "node" containing the name of the haproxy node, as set in the |
| global "node" variable, otherwise the system's hostname if unspecified. |
| |
| - a variable "weight" indicating the weight of the server, a slash ("/") |
| and the total weight of the farm (just counting usable servers). This |
| helps to know if other servers are available to handle the load when this |
| one fails. |
| |
| - a variable "scur" indicating the current number of concurrent connections |
| on the server, followed by a slash ("/") then the total number of |
| connections on all servers of the same backend. |
| |
| - a variable "qcur" indicating the current number of requests in the |
| server's queue. |
| |
| Example of a header received by the application server : |
| >>> X-Haproxy-Server-State: UP 2/3; name=bck/srv2; node=lb1; weight=1/2; \ |
| scur=13/22; qcur=0 |
| |
| See also : "option httpchk", "http-check disable-on-404" |
| |
| http-request { allow | deny | tarpit | auth [realm <realm>] | redirect <rule> | |
| add-header <name> <fmt> | set-header <name> <fmt> | |
| del-header <name> | set-nice <nice> | set-log-level <level> | |
| replace-header <name> <match-regex> <replace-fmt> | |
| replace-value <name> <match-regex> <replace-fmt> | |
| set-method <fmt> | set-path <fmt> | set-query <fmt> | |
| set-uri <fmt> | set-tos <tos> | set-mark <mark> | |
| add-acl(<file name>) <key fmt> | |
| del-acl(<file name>) <key fmt> | |
| del-map(<file name>) <key fmt> | |
| set-map(<file name>) <key fmt> <value fmt> | |
| { track-sc0 | track-sc1 | track-sc2 } <key> [table <table>] | |
| lua <function name> |
| } |
| [ { if | unless } <condition> ] |
| Access control for Layer 7 requests |
| |
| May be used in sections: defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | yes |
| |
| The http-request statement defines a set of rules which apply to layer 7 |
| processing. The rules are evaluated in their declaration order when they are |
| met in a frontend, listen or backend section. Any rule may optionally be |
| followed by an ACL-based condition, in which case it will only be evaluated |
| if the condition is true. |
| |
| The first keyword is the rule's action. Currently supported actions include : |
| - "allow" : this stops the evaluation of the rules and lets the request |
| pass the check. No further "http-request" rules are evaluated. |
| |
| - "deny" : this stops the evaluation of the rules and immediately rejects |
| the request and emits an HTTP 403 error. No further "http-request" rules |
| are evaluated. |
| |
| - "tarpit" : this stops the evaluation of the rules and immediately blocks |
| the request without responding for a delay specified by "timeout tarpit" |
| or "timeout connect" if the former is not set. After that delay, if the |
| client is still connected, an HTTP error 500 is returned so that the |
| client does not suspect it has been tarpitted. Logs will report the flags |
| "PT". The goal of the tarpit rule is to slow down robots during an attack |
| when they're limited on the number of concurrent requests. It can be very |
| efficient against very dumb robots, and will significantly reduce the |
| load on firewalls compared to a "deny" rule. But when facing "correctly" |
| developed robots, it can make things worse by forcing haproxy and the |
| front firewall to support insane number of concurrent connections. |
| |
| - "auth" : this stops the evaluation of the rules and immediately responds |
| with an HTTP 401 or 407 error code to invite the user to present a valid |
| user name and password. No further "http-request" rules are evaluated. An |
| optional "realm" parameter is supported, it sets the authentication realm |
| that is returned with the response (typically the application's name). |
| |
| - "redirect" : this performs an HTTP redirection based on a redirect rule. |
| This is exactly the same as the "redirect" statement except that it |
| inserts a redirect rule which can be processed in the middle of other |
| "http-request" rules and that these rules use the "log-format" strings. |
| See the "redirect" keyword for the rule's syntax. |
| |
| - "add-header" appends an HTTP header field whose name is specified in |
| <name> and whose value is defined by <fmt> which follows the log-format |
| rules (see Custom Log Format in section 8.2.4). This is particularly |
| useful to pass connection-specific information to the server (eg: the |
| client's SSL certificate), or to combine several headers into one. This |
| rule is not final, so it is possible to add other similar rules. Note |
| that header addition is performed immediately, so one rule might reuse |
| the resulting header from a previous rule. |
| |
| - "set-header" does the same as "add-header" except that the header name |
| is first removed if it existed. This is useful when passing security |
| information to the server, where the header must not be manipulated by |
| external users. Note that the new value is computed before the removal so |
| it is possible to concatenate a value to an existing header. |
| |
| - "del-header" removes all HTTP header fields whose name is specified in |
| <name>. |
| |
| - "replace-header" matches the regular expression in all occurrences of |
| header field <name> according to <match-regex>, and replaces them with |
| the <replace-fmt> argument. Format characters are allowed in replace-fmt |
| and work like in <fmt> arguments in "add-header". The match is only |
| case-sensitive. It is important to understand that this action only |
| considers whole header lines, regardless of the number of values they |
| may contain. This usage is suited to headers naturally containing commas |
| in their value, such as If-Modified-Since and so on. |
| |
| Example: |
| |
| http-request replace-header Cookie foo=([^;]*);(.*) foo=\1;ip=%bi;\2 |
| |
| applied to: |
| |
| Cookie: foo=foobar; expires=Tue, 14-Jun-2016 01:40:45 GMT; |
| |
| outputs: |
| |
| Cookie: foo=foobar;ip=192.168.1.20; expires=Tue, 14-Jun-2016 01:40:45 GMT; |
| |
| assuming the backend IP is 192.168.1.20 |
| |
| - "replace-value" works like "replace-header" except that it matches the |
| regex against every comma-delimited value of the header field <name> |
| instead of the entire header. This is suited for all headers which are |
| allowed to carry more than one value. An example could be the Accept |
| header. |
| |
| Example: |
| |
| http-request replace-value X-Forwarded-For ^192\.168\.(.*)$ 172.16.\1 |
| |
| applied to: |
| |
| X-Forwarded-For: 192.168.10.1, 192.168.13.24, 10.0.0.37 |
| |
| outputs: |
| |
| X-Forwarded-For: 172.16.10.1, 172.16.13.24, 10.0.0.37 |
| |
| - "set-method" rewrites the request method with the result of the |
| evaluation of format string <fmt>. There should be very few valid reasons |
| for having to do so as this is more likely to break something than to fix |
| it. |
| |
| - "set-path" rewrites the request path with the result of the evaluation of |
| format string <fmt>. The query string, if any, is left intact. If a |
| scheme and authority is found before the path, they are left intact as |
| well. If the request doesn't have a path ("*"), this one is replaced with |
| the format. This can be used to prepend a directory component in front of |
| a path for example. See also "set-query" and "set-uri". |
| |
| Example : |
| # prepend the host name before the path |
| http-request set-path /%[hdr(host)]%[path] |
| |
| - "set-query" rewrites the request's query string which appears after the |
| first question mark ("?") with the result of the evaluation of format |
| string <fmt>. The part prior to the question mark is left intact. If the |
| request doesn't contain a question mark and the new value is not empty, |
| then one is added at the end of the URI, followed by the new value. If |
| a question mark was present, it will never be removed even if the value |
| is empty. This can be used to add or remove parameters from the query |
| string. See also "set-query" and "set-uri". |
| |
| Example : |
| # replace "%3D" with "=" in the query string |
| http-request set-query %[query,regsub(%3D,=,g)] |
| |
| - "set-uri" rewrites the request URI with the result of the evaluation of |
| format string <fmt>. The scheme, authority, path and query string are all |
| replaced at once. This can be used to rewrite hosts in front of proxies, |
| or to perform complex modifications to the URI such as moving parts |
| between the path and the query string. See also "set-path" and |
| "set-query". |
| |
| - "set-nice" sets the "nice" factor of the current request being processed. |
| It only has effect against the other requests being processed at the same |
| time. The default value is 0, unless altered by the "nice" setting on the |
| "bind" line. The accepted range is -1024..1024. The higher the value, the |
| nicest the request will be. Lower values will make the request more |
| important than other ones. This can be useful to improve the speed of |
| some requests, or lower the priority of non-important requests. Using |
| this setting without prior experimentation can cause some major slowdown. |
| |
| - "set-log-level" is used to change the log level of the current request |
| when a certain condition is met. Valid levels are the 8 syslog levels |
| (see the "log" keyword) plus the special level "silent" which disables |
| logging for this request. This rule is not final so the last matching |
| rule wins. This rule can be useful to disable health checks coming from |
| another equipment. |
| |
| - "set-tos" is used to set the TOS or DSCP field value of packets sent to |
| the client to the value passed in <tos> on platforms which support this. |
| This value represents the whole 8 bits of the IP TOS field, and can be |
| expressed both in decimal or hexadecimal format (prefixed by "0x"). Note |
| that only the 6 higher bits are used in DSCP or TOS, and the two lower |
| bits are always 0. This can be used to adjust some routing behaviour on |
| border routers based on some information from the request. See RFC 2474, |
| 2597, 3260 and 4594 for more information. |
| |
| - "set-mark" is used to set the Netfilter MARK on all packets sent to the |
| client to the value passed in <mark> on platforms which support it. This |
| value is an unsigned 32 bit value which can be matched by netfilter and |
| by the routing table. It can be expressed both in decimal or hexadecimal |
| format (prefixed by "0x"). This can be useful to force certain packets to |
| take a different route (for example a cheaper network path for bulk |
| downloads). This works on Linux kernels 2.6.32 and above and requires |
| admin privileges. |
| |
| - "add-acl" is used to add a new entry into an ACL. The ACL must be loaded |
| from a file (even a dummy empty file). The file name of the ACL to be |
| updated is passed between parentheses. It takes one argument: <key fmt>, |
| which follows log-format rules, to collect content of the new entry. It |
| performs a lookup in the ACL before insertion, to avoid duplicated (or |
| more) values. This lookup is done by a linear search and can be expensive |
| with large lists! It is the equivalent of the "add acl" command from the |
| stats socket, but can be triggered by an HTTP request. |
| |
| - "del-acl" is used to delete an entry from an ACL. The ACL must be loaded |
| from a file (even a dummy empty file). The file name of the ACL to be |
| updated is passed between parentheses. It takes one argument: <key fmt>, |
| which follows log-format rules, to collect content of the entry to delete. |
| It is the equivalent of the "del acl" command from the stats socket, but |
| can be triggered by an HTTP request. |
| |
| - "del-map" is used to delete an entry from a MAP. The MAP must be loaded |
| from a file (even a dummy empty file). The file name of the MAP to be |
| updated is passed between parentheses. It takes one argument: <key fmt>, |
| which follows log-format rules, to collect content of the entry to delete. |
| It takes one argument: "file name" It is the equivalent of the "del map" |
| command from the stats socket, but can be triggered by an HTTP request. |
| |
| - "set-map" is used to add a new entry into a MAP. The MAP must be loaded |
| from a file (even a dummy empty file). The file name of the MAP to be |
| updated is passed between parentheses. It takes 2 arguments: <key fmt>, |
| which follows log-format rules, used to collect MAP key, and <value fmt>, |
| which follows log-format rules, used to collect content for the new entry. |
| It performs a lookup in the MAP before insertion, to avoid duplicated (or |
| more) values. This lookup is done by a linear search and can be expensive |
| with large lists! It is the equivalent of the "set map" command from the |
| stats socket, but can be triggered by an HTTP request. |
| |
| - { track-sc0 | track-sc1 | track-sc2 } <key> [table <table>] : |
| enables tracking of sticky counters from current request. These rules |
| do not stop evaluation and do not change default action. Three sets of |
| counters may be simultaneously tracked by the same connection. The first |
| "track-sc0" rule executed enables tracking of the counters of the |
| specified table as the first set. The first "track-sc1" rule executed |
| enables tracking of the counters of the specified table as the second |
| set. The first "track-sc2" rule executed enables tracking of the |
| counters of the specified table as the third set. It is a recommended |
| practice to use the first set of counters for the per-frontend counters |
| and the second set for the per-backend ones. But this is just a |
| guideline, all may be used everywhere. |
| |
| These actions take one or two arguments : |
| <key> is mandatory, and is a sample expression rule as described |
| in section 7.3. It describes what elements of the incoming |
| request or connection will be analysed, extracted, combined, |
| and used to select which table entry to update the counters. |
| |
| <table> is an optional table to be used instead of the default one, |
| which is the stick-table declared in the current proxy. All |
| the counters for the matches and updates for the key will |
| then be performed in that table until the session ends. |
| |
| Once a "track-sc*" rule is executed, the key is looked up in the table |
| and if it is not found, an entry is allocated for it. Then a pointer to |
| that entry is kept during all the session's life, and this entry's |
| counters are updated as often as possible, every time the session's |
| counters are updated, and also systematically when the session ends. |
| Counters are only updated for events that happen after the tracking has |
| been started. As an exception, connection counters and request counters |
| are systematically updated so that they reflect useful information. |
| |
| If the entry tracks concurrent connection counters, one connection is |
| counted for as long as the entry is tracked, and the entry will not |
| expire during that time. Tracking counters also provides a performance |
| advantage over just checking the keys, because only one table lookup is |
| performed for all ACL checks that make use of it. |
| |
| - "lua" is used to run a Lua function if the action is executed. The single |
| parameter is the name of the function to run. The prototype of the |
| function is documented in the API documentation. |
| |
| There is no limit to the number of http-request statements per instance. |
| |
| It is important to know that http-request rules are processed very early in |
| the HTTP processing, just after "block" rules and before "reqdel" or "reqrep" |
| rules. That way, headers added by "add-header"/"set-header" are visible by |
| almost all further ACL rules. |
| |
| Example: |
| acl nagios src 192.168.129.3 |
| acl local_net src 192.168.0.0/16 |
| acl auth_ok http_auth(L1) |
| |
| http-request allow if nagios |
| http-request allow if local_net auth_ok |
| http-request auth realm Gimme if local_net auth_ok |
| http-request deny |
| |
| Example: |
| acl auth_ok http_auth_group(L1) G1 |
| http-request auth unless auth_ok |
| |
| Example: |
| http-request set-header X-Haproxy-Current-Date %T |
| http-request set-header X-SSL %[ssl_fc] |
| http-request set-header X-SSL-Session_ID %[ssl_fc_session_id] |
| http-request set-header X-SSL-Client-Verify %[ssl_c_verify] |
| http-request set-header X-SSL-Client-DN %{+Q}[ssl_c_s_dn] |
| http-request set-header X-SSL-Client-CN %{+Q}[ssl_c_s_dn(cn)] |
| http-request set-header X-SSL-Issuer %{+Q}[ssl_c_i_dn] |
| http-request set-header X-SSL-Client-NotBefore %{+Q}[ssl_c_notbefore] |
| http-request set-header X-SSL-Client-NotAfter %{+Q}[ssl_c_notafter] |
| |
| Example: |
| acl key req.hdr(X-Add-Acl-Key) -m found |
| acl add path /addacl |
| acl del path /delacl |
| |
| acl myhost hdr(Host) -f myhost.lst |
| |
| http-request add-acl(myhost.lst) %[req.hdr(X-Add-Acl-Key)] if key add |
| http-request del-acl(myhost.lst) %[req.hdr(X-Add-Acl-Key)] if key del |
| |
| Example: |
| acl value req.hdr(X-Value) -m found |
| acl setmap path /setmap |
| acl delmap path /delmap |
| |
| use_backend bk_appli if { hdr(Host),map_str(map.lst) -m found } |
| |
| http-request set-map(map.lst) %[src] %[req.hdr(X-Value)] if setmap value |
| http-request del-map(map.lst) %[src] if delmap |
| |
| See also : "stats http-request", section 3.4 about userlists and section 7 |
| about ACL usage. |
| |
| http-response { allow | deny | add-header <name> <fmt> | set-nice <nice> | |
| set-header <name> <fmt> | del-header <name> | |
| replace-header <name> <regex-match> <replace-fmt> | |
| replace-value <name> <regex-match> <replace-fmt> | |
| set-log-level <level> | set-mark <mark> | set-tos <tos> | |
| add-acl(<file name>) <key fmt> | |
| del-acl(<file name>) <key fmt> | |
| del-map(<file name>) <key fmt> | |
| set-map(<file name>) <key fmt> <value fmt> | |
| lua <function name> |
| } |
| [ { if | unless } <condition> ] |
| Access control for Layer 7 responses |
| |
| May be used in sections: defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | yes |
| |
| The http-response statement defines a set of rules which apply to layer 7 |
| processing. The rules are evaluated in their declaration order when they are |
| met in a frontend, listen or backend section. Any rule may optionally be |
| followed by an ACL-based condition, in which case it will only be evaluated |
| if the condition is true. Since these rules apply on responses, the backend |
| rules are applied first, followed by the frontend's rules. |
| |
| The first keyword is the rule's action. Currently supported actions include : |
| - "allow" : this stops the evaluation of the rules and lets the response |
| pass the check. No further "http-response" rules are evaluated for the |
| current section. |
| |
| - "deny" : this stops the evaluation of the rules and immediately rejects |
| the response and emits an HTTP 502 error. No further "http-response" |
| rules are evaluated. |
| |
| - "add-header" appends an HTTP header field whose name is specified in |
| <name> and whose value is defined by <fmt> which follows the log-format |
| rules (see Custom Log Format in section 8.2.4). This may be used to send |
| a cookie to a client for example, or to pass some internal information. |
| This rule is not final, so it is possible to add other similar rules. |
| Note that header addition is performed immediately, so one rule might |
| reuse the resulting header from a previous rule. |
| |
| - "set-header" does the same as "add-header" except that the header name |
| is first removed if it existed. This is useful when passing security |
| information to the server, where the header must not be manipulated by |
| external users. |
| |
| - "del-header" removes all HTTP header fields whose name is specified in |
| <name>. |
| |
| - "replace-header" matches the regular expression in all occurrences of |
| header field <name> according to <match-regex>, and replaces them with |
| the <replace-fmt> argument. Format characters are allowed in replace-fmt |
| and work like in <fmt> arguments in "add-header". The match is only |
| case-sensitive. It is important to understand that this action only |
| considers whole header lines, regardless of the number of values they |
| may contain. This usage is suited to headers naturally containing commas |
| in their value, such as Set-Cookie, Expires and so on. |
| |
| Example: |
| |
| http-response replace-header Set-Cookie (C=[^;]*);(.*) \1;ip=%bi;\2 |
| |
| applied to: |
| |
| Set-Cookie: C=1; expires=Tue, 14-Jun-2016 01:40:45 GMT |
| |
| outputs: |
| |
| Set-Cookie: C=1;ip=192.168.1.20; expires=Tue, 14-Jun-2016 01:40:45 GMT |
| |
| assuming the backend IP is 192.168.1.20. |
| |
| - "replace-value" works like "replace-header" except that it matches the |
| regex against every comma-delimited value of the header field <name> |
| instead of the entire header. This is suited for all headers which are |
| allowed to carry more than one value. An example could be the Accept |
| header. |
| |
| Example: |
| |
| http-response replace-value Cache-control ^public$ private |
| |
| applied to: |
| |
| Cache-Control: max-age=3600, public |
| |
| outputs: |
| |
| Cache-Control: max-age=3600, private |
| |
| - "set-nice" sets the "nice" factor of the current request being processed. |
| It only has effect against the other requests being processed at the same |
| time. The default value is 0, unless altered by the "nice" setting on the |
| "bind" line. The accepted range is -1024..1024. The higher the value, the |
| nicest the request will be. Lower values will make the request more |
| important than other ones. This can be useful to improve the speed of |
| some requests, or lower the priority of non-important requests. Using |
| this setting without prior experimentation can cause some major slowdown. |
| |
| - "set-log-level" is used to change the log level of the current request |
| when a certain condition is met. Valid levels are the 8 syslog levels |
| (see the "log" keyword) plus the special level "silent" which disables |
| logging for this request. This rule is not final so the last matching |
| rule wins. This rule can be useful to disable health checks coming from |
| another equipment. |
| |
| - "set-tos" is used to set the TOS or DSCP field value of packets sent to |
| the client to the value passed in <tos> on platforms which support this. |
| This value represents the whole 8 bits of the IP TOS field, and can be |
| expressed both in decimal or hexadecimal format (prefixed by "0x"). Note |
| that only the 6 higher bits are used in DSCP or TOS, and the two lower |
| bits are always 0. This can be used to adjust some routing behaviour on |
| border routers based on some information from the request. See RFC 2474, |
| 2597, 3260 and 4594 for more information. |
| |
| - "set-mark" is used to set the Netfilter MARK on all packets sent to the |
| client to the value passed in <mark> on platforms which support it. This |
| value is an unsigned 32 bit value which can be matched by netfilter and |
| by the routing table. It can be expressed both in decimal or hexadecimal |
| format (prefixed by "0x"). This can be useful to force certain packets to |
| take a different route (for example a cheaper network path for bulk |
| downloads). This works on Linux kernels 2.6.32 and above and requires |
| admin privileges. |
| |
| - "add-acl" is used to add a new entry into an ACL. The ACL must be loaded |
| from a file (even a dummy empty file). The file name of the ACL to be |
| updated is passed between parentheses. It takes one argument: <key fmt>, |
| which follows log-format rules, to collect content of the new entry. It |
| performs a lookup in the ACL before insertion, to avoid duplicated (or |
| more) values. This lookup is done by a linear search and can be expensive |
| with large lists! It is the equivalent of the "add acl" command from the |
| stats socket, but can be triggered by an HTTP response. |
| |
| - "del-acl" is used to delete an entry from an ACL. The ACL must be loaded |
| from a file (even a dummy empty file). The file name of the ACL to be |
| updated is passed between parentheses. It takes one argument: <key fmt>, |
| which follows log-format rules, to collect content of the entry to delete. |
| It is the equivalent of the "del acl" command from the stats socket, but |
| can be triggered by an HTTP response. |
| |
| - "del-map" is used to delete an entry from a MAP. The MAP must be loaded |
| from a file (even a dummy empty file). The file name of the MAP to be |
| updated is passed between parentheses. It takes one argument: <key fmt>, |
| which follows log-format rules, to collect content of the entry to delete. |
| It takes one argument: "file name" It is the equivalent of the "del map" |
| command from the stats socket, but can be triggered by an HTTP response. |
| |
| - "set-map" is used to add a new entry into a MAP. The MAP must be loaded |
| from a file (even a dummy empty file). The file name of the MAP to be |
| updated is passed between parentheses. It takes 2 arguments: <key fmt>, |
| which follows log-format rules, used to collect MAP key, and <value fmt>, |
| which follows log-format rules, used to collect content for the new entry. |
| It performs a lookup in the MAP before insertion, to avoid duplicated (or |
| more) values. This lookup is done by a linear search and can be expensive |
| with large lists! It is the equivalent of the "set map" command from the |
| stats socket, but can be triggered by an HTTP response. |
| |
| - "lua" is used to run a Lua function if the action is executed. The single |
| parameter is the name of the function to run. The prototype of the |
| function is documented in the API documentation. |
| |
| There is no limit to the number of http-response statements per instance. |
| |
| It is important to know that http-response rules are processed very early in |
| the HTTP processing, before "reqdel" or "reqrep" rules. That way, headers |
| added by "add-header"/"set-header" are visible by almost all further ACL |
| rules. |
| |
| Example: |
| acl key_acl res.hdr(X-Acl-Key) -m found |
| |
| acl myhost hdr(Host) -f myhost.lst |
| |
| http-response add-acl(myhost.lst) %[res.hdr(X-Acl-Key)] if key_acl |
| http-response del-acl(myhost.lst) %[res.hdr(X-Acl-Key)] if key_acl |
| |
| Example: |
| acl value res.hdr(X-Value) -m found |
| |
| use_backend bk_appli if { hdr(Host),map_str(map.lst) -m found } |
| |
| http-response set-map(map.lst) %[src] %[res.hdr(X-Value)] if value |
| http-response del-map(map.lst) %[src] if ! value |
| |
| See also : "http-request", section 3.4 about userlists and section 7 about |
| ACL usage. |
| |
| |
| http-send-name-header [<header>] |
| Add the server name to a request. Use the header string given by <header> |
| |
| May be used in sections: defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| |
| Arguments : |
| |
| <header> The header string to use to send the server name |
| |
| The "http-send-name-header" statement causes the name of the target |
| server to be added to the headers of an HTTP request. The name |
| is added with the header string proved. |
| |
| See also : "server" |
| |
| id <value> |
| Set a persistent ID to a proxy. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| Set a persistent ID for the proxy. This ID must be unique and positive. |
| An unused ID will automatically be assigned if unset. The first assigned |
| value will be 1. This ID is currently only returned in statistics. |
| |
| |
| ignore-persist { if | unless } <condition> |
| Declare a condition to ignore persistence |
| May be used in sections: defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | yes |
| |
| By default, when cookie persistence is enabled, every requests containing |
| the cookie are unconditionally persistent (assuming the target server is up |
| and running). |
| |
| The "ignore-persist" statement allows one to declare various ACL-based |
| conditions which, when met, will cause a request to ignore persistence. |
| This is sometimes useful to load balance requests for static files, which |
| often don't require persistence. This can also be used to fully disable |
| persistence for a specific User-Agent (for example, some web crawler bots). |
| |
| Combined with "appsession", it can also help reduce HAProxy memory usage, as |
| the appsession table won't grow if persistence is ignored. |
| |
| The persistence is ignored when an "if" condition is met, or unless an |
| "unless" condition is met. |
| |
| See also : "force-persist", "cookie", and section 7 about ACL usage. |
| |
| |
| log global |
| log <address> [len <length>] <facility> [<level> [<minlevel>]] |
| no log |
| Enable per-instance logging of events and traffic. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| |
| Prefix : |
| no should be used when the logger list must be flushed. For example, |
| if you don't want to inherit from the default logger list. This |
| prefix does not allow arguments. |
| |
| Arguments : |
| global should be used when the instance's logging parameters are the |
| same as the global ones. This is the most common usage. "global" |
| replaces <address>, <facility> and <level> with those of the log |
| entries found in the "global" section. Only one "log global" |
| statement may be used per instance, and this form takes no other |
| parameter. |
| |
| <address> indicates where to send the logs. It takes the same format as |
| for the "global" section's logs, and can be one of : |
| |
| - An IPv4 address optionally followed by a colon (':') and a UDP |
| port. If no port is specified, 514 is used by default (the |
| standard syslog port). |
| |
| - An IPv6 address followed by a colon (':') and optionally a UDP |
| port. If no port is specified, 514 is used by default (the |
| standard syslog port). |
| |
| - A filesystem path to a UNIX domain socket, keeping in mind |
| considerations for chroot (be sure the path is accessible |
| inside the chroot) and uid/gid (be sure the path is |
| appropriately writeable). |
| |
| Any part of the address string may reference any number of |
| environment variables by preceding their name with a dollar |
| sign ('$') and optionally enclosing them with braces ('{}'), |
| similarly to what is done in Bourne shell. |
| |
| <length> is an optional maximum line length. Log lines larger than this |
| value will be truncated before being sent. The reason is that |
| syslog servers act differently on log line length. All servers |
| support the default value of 1024, but some servers simply drop |
| larger lines while others do log them. If a server supports long |
| lines, it may make sense to set this value here in order to avoid |
| truncating long lines. Similarly, if a server drops long lines, |
| it is preferable to truncate them before sending them. Accepted |
| values are 80 to 65535 inclusive. The default value of 1024 is |
| generally fine for all standard usages. Some specific cases of |
| long captures or JSON-formated logs may require larger values. |
| |
| <facility> must be one of the 24 standard syslog facilities : |
| |
| kern user mail daemon auth syslog lpr news |
| uucp cron auth2 ftp ntp audit alert cron2 |
| local0 local1 local2 local3 local4 local5 local6 local7 |
| |
| <level> is optional and can be specified to filter outgoing messages. By |
| default, all messages are sent. If a level is specified, only |
| messages with a severity at least as important as this level |
| will be sent. An optional minimum level can be specified. If it |
| is set, logs emitted with a more severe level than this one will |
| be capped to this level. This is used to avoid sending "emerg" |
| messages on all terminals on some default syslog configurations. |
| Eight levels are known : |
| |
| emerg alert crit err warning notice info debug |
| |
| It is important to keep in mind that it is the frontend which decides what to |
| log from a connection, and that in case of content switching, the log entries |
| from the backend will be ignored. Connections are logged at level "info". |
| |
| However, backend log declaration define how and where servers status changes |
| will be logged. Level "notice" will be used to indicate a server going up, |
| "warning" will be used for termination signals and definitive service |
| termination, and "alert" will be used for when a server goes down. |
| |
| Note : According to RFC3164, messages are truncated to 1024 bytes before |
| being emitted. |
| |
| Example : |
| log global |
| log 127.0.0.1:514 local0 notice # only send important events |
| log 127.0.0.1:514 local0 notice notice # same but limit output level |
| log ${LOCAL_SYSLOG}:514 local0 notice # send to local server |
| |
| |
| log-format <string> |
| Specifies the log format string to use for traffic logs |
| May be used in sections: defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | no |
| |
| This directive specifies the log format string that will be used for all logs |
| resulting from traffic passing through the frontend using this line. If the |
| directive is used in a defaults section, all subsequent frontends will use |
| the same log format. Please see section 8.2.4 which covers the log format |
| string in depth. |
| |
| log-tag <string> |
| Specifies the log tag to use for all outgoing logs |
| May be used in sections: defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| |
| Sets the tag field in the syslog header to this string. It defaults to the |
| log-tag set in the global section, otherwise the program name as launched |
| from the command line, which usually is "haproxy". Sometimes it can be useful |
| to differentiate between multiple processes running on the same host, or to |
| differentiate customer instances running in the same process. In the backend, |
| logs about servers up/down will use this tag. As a hint, it can be convenient |
| to set a log-tag related to a hosted customer in a defaults section then put |
| all the frontends and backends for that customer, then start another customer |
| in a new defaults section. See also the global "log-tag" directive. |
| |
| max-keep-alive-queue <value> |
| Set the maximum server queue size for maintaining keep-alive connections |
| May be used in sections: defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| |
| HTTP keep-alive tries to reuse the same server connection whenever possible, |
| but sometimes it can be counter-productive, for example if a server has a lot |
| of connections while other ones are idle. This is especially true for static |
| servers. |
| |
| The purpose of this setting is to set a threshold on the number of queued |
| connections at which haproxy stops trying to reuse the same server and prefers |
| to find another one. The default value, -1, means there is no limit. A value |
| of zero means that keep-alive requests will never be queued. For very close |
| servers which can be reached with a low latency and which are not sensible to |
| breaking keep-alive, a low value is recommended (eg: local static server can |
| use a value of 10 or less). For remote servers suffering from a high latency, |
| higher values might be needed to cover for the latency and/or the cost of |
| picking a different server. |
| |
| Note that this has no impact on responses which are maintained to the same |
| server consecutively to a 401 response. They will still go to the same server |
| even if they have to be queued. |
| |
| See also : "option http-server-close", "option prefer-last-server", server |
| "maxconn" and cookie persistence. |
| |
| |
| maxconn <conns> |
| Fix the maximum number of concurrent connections on a frontend |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | no |
| Arguments : |
| <conns> is the maximum number of concurrent connections the frontend will |
| accept to serve. Excess connections will be queued by the system |
| in the socket's listen queue and will be served once a connection |
| closes. |
| |
| If the system supports it, it can be useful on big sites to raise this limit |
| very high so that haproxy manages connection queues, instead of leaving the |
| clients with unanswered connection attempts. This value should not exceed the |
| global maxconn. Also, keep in mind that a connection contains two buffers |
| of 8kB each, as well as some other data resulting in about 17 kB of RAM being |
| consumed per established connection. That means that a medium system equipped |
| with 1GB of RAM can withstand around 40000-50000 concurrent connections if |
| properly tuned. |
| |
| Also, when <conns> is set to large values, it is possible that the servers |
| are not sized to accept such loads, and for this reason it is generally wise |
| to assign them some reasonable connection limits. |
| |
| By default, this value is set to 2000. |
| |
| See also : "server", global section's "maxconn", "fullconn" |
| |
| |
| mode { tcp|http|health } |
| Set the running mode or protocol of the instance |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| tcp The instance will work in pure TCP mode. A full-duplex connection |
| will be established between clients and servers, and no layer 7 |
| examination will be performed. This is the default mode. It |
| should be used for SSL, SSH, SMTP, ... |
| |
| http The instance will work in HTTP mode. The client request will be |
| analyzed in depth before connecting to any server. Any request |
| which is not RFC-compliant will be rejected. Layer 7 filtering, |
| processing and switching will be possible. This is the mode which |
| brings HAProxy most of its value. |
| |
| health The instance will work in "health" mode. It will just reply "OK" |
| to incoming connections and close the connection. Alternatively, |
| If the "httpchk" option is set, "HTTP/1.0 200 OK" will be sent |
| instead. Nothing will be logged in either case. This mode is used |
| to reply to external components health checks. This mode is |
| deprecated and should not be used anymore as it is possible to do |
| the same and even better by combining TCP or HTTP modes with the |
| "monitor" keyword. |
| |
| When doing content switching, it is mandatory that the frontend and the |
| backend are in the same mode (generally HTTP), otherwise the configuration |
| will be refused. |
| |
| Example : |
| defaults http_instances |
| mode http |
| |
| See also : "monitor", "monitor-net" |
| |
| |
| monitor fail { if | unless } <condition> |
| Add a condition to report a failure to a monitor HTTP request. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | no |
| Arguments : |
| if <cond> the monitor request will fail if the condition is satisfied, |
| and will succeed otherwise. The condition should describe a |
| combined test which must induce a failure if all conditions |
| are met, for instance a low number of servers both in a |
| backend and its backup. |
| |
| unless <cond> the monitor request will succeed only if the condition is |
| satisfied, and will fail otherwise. Such a condition may be |
| based on a test on the presence of a minimum number of active |
| servers in a list of backends. |
| |
| This statement adds a condition which can force the response to a monitor |
| request to report a failure. By default, when an external component queries |
| the URI dedicated to monitoring, a 200 response is returned. When one of the |
| conditions above is met, haproxy will return 503 instead of 200. This is |
| very useful to report a site failure to an external component which may base |
| routing advertisements between multiple sites on the availability reported by |
| haproxy. In this case, one would rely on an ACL involving the "nbsrv" |
| criterion. Note that "monitor fail" only works in HTTP mode. Both status |
| messages may be tweaked using "errorfile" or "errorloc" if needed. |
| |
| Example: |
| frontend www |
| mode http |
| acl site_dead nbsrv(dynamic) lt 2 |
| acl site_dead nbsrv(static) lt 2 |
| monitor-uri /site_alive |
| monitor fail if site_dead |
| |
| See also : "monitor-net", "monitor-uri", "errorfile", "errorloc" |
| |
| |
| monitor-net <source> |
| Declare a source network which is limited to monitor requests |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | no |
| Arguments : |
| <source> is the source IPv4 address or network which will only be able to |
| get monitor responses to any request. It can be either an IPv4 |
| address, a host name, or an address followed by a slash ('/') |
| followed by a mask. |
| |
| In TCP mode, any connection coming from a source matching <source> will cause |
| the connection to be immediately closed without any log. This allows another |
| equipment to probe the port and verify that it is still listening, without |
| forwarding the connection to a remote server. |
| |
| In HTTP mode, a connection coming from a source matching <source> will be |
| accepted, the following response will be sent without waiting for a request, |
| then the connection will be closed : "HTTP/1.0 200 OK". This is normally |
| enough for any front-end HTTP probe to detect that the service is UP and |
| running without forwarding the request to a backend server. Note that this |
| response is sent in raw format, without any transformation. This is important |
| as it means that it will not be SSL-encrypted on SSL listeners. |
| |
| Monitor requests are processed very early, just after tcp-request connection |
| ACLs which are the only ones able to block them. These connections are short |
| lived and never wait for any data from the client. They cannot be logged, and |
| it is the intended purpose. They are only used to report HAProxy's health to |
| an upper component, nothing more. Please note that "monitor fail" rules do |
| not apply to connections intercepted by "monitor-net". |
| |
| Last, please note that only one "monitor-net" statement can be specified in |
| a frontend. If more than one is found, only the last one will be considered. |
| |
| Example : |
| # addresses .252 and .253 are just probing us. |
| frontend www |
| monitor-net 192.168.0.252/31 |
| |
| See also : "monitor fail", "monitor-uri" |
| |
| |
| monitor-uri <uri> |
| Intercept a URI used by external components' monitor requests |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | no |
| Arguments : |
| <uri> is the exact URI which we want to intercept to return HAProxy's |
| health status instead of forwarding the request. |
| |
| When an HTTP request referencing <uri> will be received on a frontend, |
| HAProxy will not forward it nor log it, but instead will return either |
| "HTTP/1.0 200 OK" or "HTTP/1.0 503 Service unavailable", depending on failure |
| conditions defined with "monitor fail". This is normally enough for any |
| front-end HTTP probe to detect that the service is UP and running without |
| forwarding the request to a backend server. Note that the HTTP method, the |
| version and all headers are ignored, but the request must at least be valid |
| at the HTTP level. This keyword may only be used with an HTTP-mode frontend. |
| |
| Monitor requests are processed very early. It is not possible to block nor |
| divert them using ACLs. They cannot be logged either, and it is the intended |
| purpose. They are only used to report HAProxy's health to an upper component, |
| nothing more. However, it is possible to add any number of conditions using |
| "monitor fail" and ACLs so that the result can be adjusted to whatever check |
| can be imagined (most often the number of available servers in a backend). |
| |
| Example : |
| # Use /haproxy_test to report haproxy's status |
| frontend www |
| mode http |
| monitor-uri /haproxy_test |
| |
| See also : "monitor fail", "monitor-net" |
| |
| |
| option abortonclose |
| no option abortonclose |
| Enable or disable early dropping of aborted requests pending in queues. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| In presence of very high loads, the servers will take some time to respond. |
| The per-instance connection queue will inflate, and the response time will |
| increase respective to the size of the queue times the average per-session |
| response time. When clients will wait for more than a few seconds, they will |
| often hit the "STOP" button on their browser, leaving a useless request in |
| the queue, and slowing down other users, and the servers as well, because the |
| request will eventually be served, then aborted at the first error |
| encountered while delivering the response. |
| |
| As there is no way to distinguish between a full STOP and a simple output |
| close on the client side, HTTP agents should be conservative and consider |
| that the client might only have closed its output channel while waiting for |
| the response. However, this introduces risks of congestion when lots of users |
| do the same, and is completely useless nowadays because probably no client at |
| all will close the session while waiting for the response. Some HTTP agents |
| support this behaviour (Squid, Apache, HAProxy), and others do not (TUX, most |
| hardware-based load balancers). So the probability for a closed input channel |
| to represent a user hitting the "STOP" button is close to 100%, and the risk |
| of being the single component to break rare but valid traffic is extremely |
| low, which adds to the temptation to be able to abort a session early while |
| still not served and not pollute the servers. |
| |
| In HAProxy, the user can choose the desired behaviour using the option |
| "abortonclose". By default (without the option) the behaviour is HTTP |
| compliant and aborted requests will be served. But when the option is |
| specified, a session with an incoming channel closed will be aborted while |
| it is still possible, either pending in the queue for a connection slot, or |
| during the connection establishment if the server has not yet acknowledged |
| the connection request. This considerably reduces the queue size and the load |
| on saturated servers when users are tempted to click on STOP, which in turn |
| reduces the response time for other users. |
| |
| If this option has been enabled in a "defaults" section, it can be disabled |
| in a specific instance by prepending the "no" keyword before it. |
| |
| See also : "timeout queue" and server's "maxconn" and "maxqueue" parameters |
| |
| |
| option accept-invalid-http-request |
| no option accept-invalid-http-request |
| Enable or disable relaxing of HTTP request parsing |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | no |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| By default, HAProxy complies with RFC2616 in terms of message parsing. This |
| means that invalid characters in header names are not permitted and cause an |
| error to be returned to the client. This is the desired behaviour as such |
| forbidden characters are essentially used to build attacks exploiting server |
| weaknesses, and bypass security filtering. Sometimes, a buggy browser or |
| server will emit invalid header names for whatever reason (configuration, |
| implementation) and the issue will not be immediately fixed. In such a case, |
| it is possible to relax HAProxy's header name parser to accept any character |
| even if that does not make sense, by specifying this option. Similarly, the |
| list of characters allowed to appear in a URI is well defined by RFC3986, and |
| chars 0-31, 32 (space), 34 ('"'), 60 ('<'), 62 ('>'), 92 ('\'), 94 ('^'), 96 |
| ('`'), 123 ('{'), 124 ('|'), 125 ('}'), 127 (delete) and anything above are |
| not allowed at all. Haproxy always blocks a number of them (0..32, 127). The |
| remaining ones are blocked by default unless this option is enabled. |
| |
| This option should never be enabled by default as it hides application bugs |
| and open security breaches. It should only be deployed after a problem has |
| been confirmed. |
| |
| When this option is enabled, erroneous header names will still be accepted in |
| requests, but the complete request will be captured in order to permit later |
| analysis using the "show errors" request on the UNIX stats socket. Similarly, |
| requests containing invalid chars in the URI part will be logged. Doing this |
| also helps confirming that the issue has been solved. |
| |
| If this option has been enabled in a "defaults" section, it can be disabled |
| in a specific instance by prepending the "no" keyword before it. |
| |
| See also : "option accept-invalid-http-response" and "show errors" on the |
| stats socket. |
| |
| |
| option accept-invalid-http-response |
| no option accept-invalid-http-response |
| Enable or disable relaxing of HTTP response parsing |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| By default, HAProxy complies with RFC2616 in terms of message parsing. This |
| means that invalid characters in header names are not permitted and cause an |
| error to be returned to the client. This is the desired behaviour as such |
| forbidden characters are essentially used to build attacks exploiting server |
| weaknesses, and bypass security filtering. Sometimes, a buggy browser or |
| server will emit invalid header names for whatever reason (configuration, |
| implementation) and the issue will not be immediately fixed. In such a case, |
| it is possible to relax HAProxy's header name parser to accept any character |
| even if that does not make sense, by specifying this option. |
| |
| This option should never be enabled by default as it hides application bugs |
| and open security breaches. It should only be deployed after a problem has |
| been confirmed. |
| |
| When this option is enabled, erroneous header names will still be accepted in |
| responses, but the complete response will be captured in order to permit |
| later analysis using the "show errors" request on the UNIX stats socket. |
| Doing this also helps confirming that the issue has been solved. |
| |
| If this option has been enabled in a "defaults" section, it can be disabled |
| in a specific instance by prepending the "no" keyword before it. |
| |
| See also : "option accept-invalid-http-request" and "show errors" on the |
| stats socket. |
| |
| |
| option allbackups |
| no option allbackups |
| Use either all backup servers at a time or only the first one |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| By default, the first operational backup server gets all traffic when normal |
| servers are all down. Sometimes, it may be preferred to use multiple backups |
| at once, because one will not be enough. When "option allbackups" is enabled, |
| the load balancing will be performed among all backup servers when all normal |
| ones are unavailable. The same load balancing algorithm will be used and the |
| servers' weights will be respected. Thus, there will not be any priority |
| order between the backup servers anymore. |
| |
| This option is mostly used with static server farms dedicated to return a |
| "sorry" page when an application is completely offline. |
| |
| If this option has been enabled in a "defaults" section, it can be disabled |
| in a specific instance by prepending the "no" keyword before it. |
| |
| |
| option checkcache |
| no option checkcache |
| Analyze all server responses and block responses with cacheable cookies |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| Some high-level frameworks set application cookies everywhere and do not |
| always let enough control to the developer to manage how the responses should |
| be cached. When a session cookie is returned on a cacheable object, there is a |
| high risk of session crossing or stealing between users traversing the same |
| caches. In some situations, it is better to block the response than to let |
| some sensitive session information go in the wild. |
| |
| The option "checkcache" enables deep inspection of all server responses for |
| strict compliance with HTTP specification in terms of cacheability. It |
| carefully checks "Cache-control", "Pragma" and "Set-cookie" headers in server |
| response to check if there's a risk of caching a cookie on a client-side |
| proxy. When this option is enabled, the only responses which can be delivered |
| to the client are : |
| - all those without "Set-Cookie" header ; |
| - all those with a return code other than 200, 203, 206, 300, 301, 410, |
| provided that the server has not set a "Cache-control: public" header ; |
| - all those that come from a POST request, provided that the server has not |
| set a 'Cache-Control: public' header ; |
| - those with a 'Pragma: no-cache' header |
| - those with a 'Cache-control: private' header |
| - those with a 'Cache-control: no-store' header |
| - those with a 'Cache-control: max-age=0' header |
| - those with a 'Cache-control: s-maxage=0' header |
| - those with a 'Cache-control: no-cache' header |
| - those with a 'Cache-control: no-cache="set-cookie"' header |
| - those with a 'Cache-control: no-cache="set-cookie,' header |
| (allowing other fields after set-cookie) |
| |
| If a response doesn't respect these requirements, then it will be blocked |
| just as if it was from an "rspdeny" filter, with an "HTTP 502 bad gateway". |
| The session state shows "PH--" meaning that the proxy blocked the response |
| during headers processing. Additionally, an alert will be sent in the logs so |
| that admins are informed that there's something to be fixed. |
| |
| Due to the high impact on the application, the application should be tested |
| in depth with the option enabled before going to production. It is also a |
| good practice to always activate it during tests, even if it is not used in |
| production, as it will report potentially dangerous application behaviours. |
| |
| If this option has been enabled in a "defaults" section, it can be disabled |
| in a specific instance by prepending the "no" keyword before it. |
| |
| |
| option clitcpka |
| no option clitcpka |
| Enable or disable the sending of TCP keepalive packets on the client side |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | no |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| When there is a firewall or any session-aware component between a client and |
| a server, and when the protocol involves very long sessions with long idle |
| periods (eg: remote desktops), there is a risk that one of the intermediate |
| components decides to expire a session which has remained idle for too long. |
| |
| Enabling socket-level TCP keep-alives makes the system regularly send packets |
| to the other end of the connection, leaving it active. The delay between |
| keep-alive probes is controlled by the system only and depends both on the |
| operating system and its tuning parameters. |
| |
| It is important to understand that keep-alive packets are neither emitted nor |
| received at the application level. It is only the network stacks which sees |
| them. For this reason, even if one side of the proxy already uses keep-alives |
| to maintain its connection alive, those keep-alive packets will not be |
| forwarded to the other side of the proxy. |
| |
| Please note that this has nothing to do with HTTP keep-alive. |
| |
| Using option "clitcpka" enables the emission of TCP keep-alive probes on the |
| client side of a connection, which should help when session expirations are |
| noticed between HAProxy and a client. |
| |
| If this option has been enabled in a "defaults" section, it can be disabled |
| in a specific instance by prepending the "no" keyword before it. |
| |
| See also : "option srvtcpka", "option tcpka" |
| |
| |
| option contstats |
| Enable continuous traffic statistics updates |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | no |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| By default, counters used for statistics calculation are incremented |
| only when a session finishes. It works quite well when serving small |
| objects, but with big ones (for example large images or archives) or |
| with A/V streaming, a graph generated from haproxy counters looks like |
| a hedgehog. With this option enabled counters get incremented continuously, |
| during a whole session. Recounting touches a hotpath directly so |
| it is not enabled by default, as it has small performance impact (~0.5%). |
| |
| |
| option dontlog-normal |
| no option dontlog-normal |
| Enable or disable logging of normal, successful connections |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | no |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| There are large sites dealing with several thousand connections per second |
| and for which logging is a major pain. Some of them are even forced to turn |
| logs off and cannot debug production issues. Setting this option ensures that |
| normal connections, those which experience no error, no timeout, no retry nor |
| redispatch, will not be logged. This leaves disk space for anomalies. In HTTP |
| mode, the response status code is checked and return codes 5xx will still be |
| logged. |
| |
| It is strongly discouraged to use this option as most of the time, the key to |
| complex issues is in the normal logs which will not be logged here. If you |
| need to separate logs, see the "log-separate-errors" option instead. |
| |
| See also : "log", "dontlognull", "log-separate-errors" and section 8 about |
| logging. |
| |
| |
| option dontlognull |
| no option dontlognull |
| Enable or disable logging of null connections |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | no |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| In certain environments, there are components which will regularly connect to |
| various systems to ensure that they are still alive. It can be the case from |
| another load balancer as well as from monitoring systems. By default, even a |
| simple port probe or scan will produce a log. If those connections pollute |
| the logs too much, it is possible to enable option "dontlognull" to indicate |
| that a connection on which no data has been transferred will not be logged, |
| which typically corresponds to those probes. |
| |
| It is generally recommended not to use this option in uncontrolled |
| environments (eg: internet), otherwise scans and other malicious activities |
| would not be logged. |
| |
| If this option has been enabled in a "defaults" section, it can be disabled |
| in a specific instance by prepending the "no" keyword before it. |
| |
| See also : "log", "monitor-net", "monitor-uri" and section 8 about logging. |
| |
| |
| option forceclose |
| no option forceclose |
| Enable or disable active connection closing after response is transferred. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| Some HTTP servers do not necessarily close the connections when they receive |
| the "Connection: close" set by "option httpclose", and if the client does not |
| close either, then the connection remains open till the timeout expires. This |
| causes high number of simultaneous connections on the servers and shows high |
| global session times in the logs. |
| |
| When this happens, it is possible to use "option forceclose". It will |
| actively close the outgoing server channel as soon as the server has finished |
| to respond and release some resources earlier than with "option httpclose". |
| |
| This option may also be combined with "option http-pretend-keepalive", which |
| will disable sending of the "Connection: close" header, but will still cause |
| the connection to be closed once the whole response is received. |
| |
| This option disables and replaces any previous "option httpclose", "option |
| http-server-close", "option http-keep-alive", or "option http-tunnel". |
| |
| If this option has been enabled in a "defaults" section, it can be disabled |
| in a specific instance by prepending the "no" keyword before it. |
| |
| See also : "option httpclose" and "option http-pretend-keepalive" |
| |
| |
| option forwardfor [ except <network> ] [ header <name> ] [ if-none ] |
| Enable insertion of the X-Forwarded-For header to requests sent to servers |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <network> is an optional argument used to disable this option for sources |
| matching <network> |
| <name> an optional argument to specify a different "X-Forwarded-For" |
| header name. |
| |
| Since HAProxy works in reverse-proxy mode, the servers see its IP address as |
| their client address. This is sometimes annoying when the client's IP address |
| is expected in server logs. To solve this problem, the well-known HTTP header |
| "X-Forwarded-For" may be added by HAProxy to all requests sent to the server. |
| This header contains a value representing the client's IP address. Since this |
| header is always appended at the end of the existing header list, the server |
| must be configured to always use the last occurrence of this header only. See |
| the server's manual to find how to enable use of this standard header. Note |
| that only the last occurrence of the header must be used, since it is really |
| possible that the client has already brought one. |
| |
| The keyword "header" may be used to supply a different header name to replace |
| the default "X-Forwarded-For". This can be useful where you might already |
| have a "X-Forwarded-For" header from a different application (eg: stunnel), |
| and you need preserve it. Also if your backend server doesn't use the |
| "X-Forwarded-For" header and requires different one (eg: Zeus Web Servers |
| require "X-Cluster-Client-IP"). |
| |
| Sometimes, a same HAProxy instance may be shared between a direct client |
| access and a reverse-proxy access (for instance when an SSL reverse-proxy is |
| used to decrypt HTTPS traffic). It is possible to disable the addition of the |
| header for a known source address or network by adding the "except" keyword |
| followed by the network address. In this case, any source IP matching the |
| network will not cause an addition of this header. Most common uses are with |
| private networks or 127.0.0.1. |
| |
| Alternatively, the keyword "if-none" states that the header will only be |
| added if it is not present. This should only be used in perfectly trusted |
| environment, as this might cause a security issue if headers reaching haproxy |
| are under the control of the end-user. |
| |
| This option may be specified either in the frontend or in the backend. If at |
| least one of them uses it, the header will be added. Note that the backend's |
| setting of the header subargument takes precedence over the frontend's if |
| both are defined. In the case of the "if-none" argument, if at least one of |
| the frontend or the backend does not specify it, it wants the addition to be |
| mandatory, so it wins. |
| |
| Examples : |
| # Public HTTP address also used by stunnel on the same machine |
| frontend www |
| mode http |
| option forwardfor except 127.0.0.1 # stunnel already adds the header |
| |
| # Those servers want the IP Address in X-Client |
| backend www |
| mode http |
| option forwardfor header X-Client |
| |
| See also : "option httpclose", "option http-server-close", |
| "option forceclose", "option http-keep-alive" |
| |
| |
| option http-keep-alive |
| no option http-keep-alive |
| Enable or disable HTTP keep-alive from client to server |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| By default HAProxy operates in keep-alive mode with regards to persistent |
| connections: for each connection it processes each request and response, and |
| leaves the connection idle on both sides between the end of a response and the |
| start of a new request. This mode may be changed by several options such as |
| "option http-server-close", "option forceclose", "option httpclose" or |
| "option http-tunnel". This option allows to set back the keep-alive mode, |
| which can be useful when another mode was used in a defaults section. |
| |
| Setting "option http-keep-alive" enables HTTP keep-alive mode on the client- |
| and server- sides. This provides the lowest latency on the client side (slow |
| network) and the fastest session reuse on the server side at the expense |
| of maintaining idle connections to the servers. In general, it is possible |
| with this option to achieve approximately twice the request rate that the |
| "http-server-close" option achieves on small objects. There are mainly two |
| situations where this option may be useful : |
| |
| - when the server is non-HTTP compliant and authenticates the connection |
| instead of requests (eg: NTLM authentication) |
| |
| - when the cost of establishing the connection to the server is significant |
| compared to the cost of retrieving the associated object from the server. |
| |
| This last case can happen when the server is a fast static server of cache. |
| In this case, the server will need to be properly tuned to support high enough |
| connection counts because connections will last until the client sends another |
| request. |
| |
| If the client request has to go to another backend or another server due to |
| content switching or the load balancing algorithm, the idle connection will |
| immediately be closed and a new one re-opened. Option "prefer-last-server" is |
| available to try optimize server selection so that if the server currently |
| attached to an idle connection is usable, it will be used. |
| |
| In general it is preferred to use "option http-server-close" with application |
| servers, and some static servers might benefit from "option http-keep-alive". |
| |
| At the moment, logs will not indicate whether requests came from the same |
| session or not. The accept date reported in the logs corresponds to the end |
| of the previous request, and the request time corresponds to the time spent |
| waiting for a new request. The keep-alive request time is still bound to the |
| timeout defined by "timeout http-keep-alive" or "timeout http-request" if |
| not set. |
| |
| This option disables and replaces any previous "option httpclose", "option |
| http-server-close", "option forceclose" or "option http-tunnel". When backend |
| and frontend options differ, all of these 4 options have precedence over |
| "option http-keep-alive". |
| |
| See also : "option forceclose", "option http-server-close", |
| "option prefer-last-server", "option http-pretend-keepalive", |
| "option httpclose", and "1.1. The HTTP transaction model". |
| |
| |
| option http-no-delay |
| no option http-no-delay |
| Instruct the system to favor low interactive delays over performance in HTTP |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| In HTTP, each payload is unidirectional and has no notion of interactivity. |
| Any agent is expected to queue data somewhat for a reasonably low delay. |
| There are some very rare server-to-server applications that abuse the HTTP |
| protocol and expect the payload phase to be highly interactive, with many |
| interleaved data chunks in both directions within a single request. This is |
| absolutely not supported by the HTTP specification and will not work across |
| most proxies or servers. When such applications attempt to do this through |
| haproxy, it works but they will experience high delays due to the network |
| optimizations which favor performance by instructing the system to wait for |
| enough data to be available in order to only send full packets. Typical |
| delays are around 200 ms per round trip. Note that this only happens with |
| abnormal uses. Normal uses such as CONNECT requests nor WebSockets are not |
| affected. |
| |
| When "option http-no-delay" is present in either the frontend or the backend |
| used by a connection, all such optimizations will be disabled in order to |
| make the exchanges as fast as possible. Of course this offers no guarantee on |
| the functionality, as it may break at any other place. But if it works via |
| HAProxy, it will work as fast as possible. This option should never be used |
| by default, and should never be used at all unless such a buggy application |
| is discovered. The impact of using this option is an increase of bandwidth |
| usage and CPU usage, which may significantly lower performance in high |
| latency environments. |
| |
| |
| option http-pretend-keepalive |
| no option http-pretend-keepalive |
| Define whether haproxy will announce keepalive to the server or not |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| When running with "option http-server-close" or "option forceclose", haproxy |
| adds a "Connection: close" header to the request forwarded to the server. |
| Unfortunately, when some servers see this header, they automatically refrain |
| from using the chunked encoding for responses of unknown length, while this |
| is totally unrelated. The immediate effect is that this prevents haproxy from |
| maintaining the client connection alive. A second effect is that a client or |
| a cache could receive an incomplete response without being aware of it, and |
| consider the response complete. |
| |
| By setting "option http-pretend-keepalive", haproxy will make the server |
| believe it will keep the connection alive. The server will then not fall back |
| to the abnormal undesired above. When haproxy gets the whole response, it |
| will close the connection with the server just as it would do with the |
| "forceclose" option. That way the client gets a normal response and the |
| connection is correctly closed on the server side. |
| |
| It is recommended not to enable this option by default, because most servers |
| will more efficiently close the connection themselves after the last packet, |
| and release its buffers slightly earlier. Also, the added packet on the |
| network could slightly reduce the overall peak performance. However it is |
| worth noting that when this option is enabled, haproxy will have slightly |
| less work to do. So if haproxy is the bottleneck on the whole architecture, |
| enabling this option might save a few CPU cycles. |
| |
| This option may be set both in a frontend and in a backend. It is enabled if |
| at least one of the frontend or backend holding a connection has it enabled. |
| This option may be combined with "option httpclose", which will cause |
| keepalive to be announced to the server and close to be announced to the |
| client. This practice is discouraged though. |
| |
| If this option has been enabled in a "defaults" section, it can be disabled |
| in a specific instance by prepending the "no" keyword before it. |
| |
| See also : "option forceclose", "option http-server-close", and |
| "option http-keep-alive" |
| |
| |
| option http-server-close |
| no option http-server-close |
| Enable or disable HTTP connection closing on the server side |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| By default HAProxy operates in keep-alive mode with regards to persistent |
| connections: for each connection it processes each request and response, and |
| leaves the connection idle on both sides between the end of a response and |
| the start of a new request. This mode may be changed by several options such |
| as "option http-server-close", "option forceclose", "option httpclose" or |
| "option http-tunnel". Setting "option http-server-close" enables HTTP |
| connection-close mode on the server side while keeping the ability to support |
| HTTP keep-alive and pipelining on the client side. This provides the lowest |
| latency on the client side (slow network) and the fastest session reuse on |
| the server side to save server resources, similarly to "option forceclose". |
| It also permits non-keepalive capable servers to be served in keep-alive mode |
| to the clients if they conform to the requirements of RFC2616. Please note |
| that some servers do not always conform to those requirements when they see |
| "Connection: close" in the request. The effect will be that keep-alive will |
| never be used. A workaround consists in enabling "option |
| http-pretend-keepalive". |
| |
| At the moment, logs will not indicate whether requests came from the same |
| session or not. The accept date reported in the logs corresponds to the end |
| of the previous request, and the request time corresponds to the time spent |
| waiting for a new request. The keep-alive request time is still bound to the |
| timeout defined by "timeout http-keep-alive" or "timeout http-request" if |
| not set. |
| |
| This option may be set both in a frontend and in a backend. It is enabled if |
| at least one of the frontend or backend holding a connection has it enabled. |
| It disables and replaces any previous "option httpclose", "option forceclose", |
| "option http-tunnel" or "option http-keep-alive". Please check section 4 |
| ("Proxies") to see how this option combines with others when frontend and |
| backend options differ. |
| |
| If this option has been enabled in a "defaults" section, it can be disabled |
| in a specific instance by prepending the "no" keyword before it. |
| |
| See also : "option forceclose", "option http-pretend-keepalive", |
| "option httpclose", "option http-keep-alive", and |
| "1.1. The HTTP transaction model". |
| |
| |
| option http-tunnel |
| no option http-tunnel |
| Disable or enable HTTP connection processing after first transaction |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| By default HAProxy operates in keep-alive mode with regards to persistent |
| connections: for each connection it processes each request and response, and |
| leaves the connection idle on both sides between the end of a response and |
| the start of a new request. This mode may be changed by several options such |
| as "option http-server-close", "option forceclose", "option httpclose" or |
| "option http-tunnel". |
| |
| Option "http-tunnel" disables any HTTP processing past the first request and |
| the first response. This is the mode which was used by default in versions |
| 1.0 to 1.5-dev21. It is the mode with the lowest processing overhead, which |
| is normally not needed anymore unless in very specific cases such as when |
| using an in-house protocol that looks like HTTP but is not compatible, or |
| just to log one request per client in order to reduce log size. Note that |
| everything which works at the HTTP level, including header parsing/addition, |
| cookie processing or content switching will only work for the first request |
| and will be ignored after the first response. |
| |
| If this option has been enabled in a "defaults" section, it can be disabled |
| in a specific instance by prepending the "no" keyword before it. |
| |
| See also : "option forceclose", "option http-server-close", |
| "option httpclose", "option http-keep-alive", and |
| "1.1. The HTTP transaction model". |
| |
| |
| option http-use-proxy-header |
| no option http-use-proxy-header |
| Make use of non-standard Proxy-Connection header instead of Connection |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | no |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| While RFC2616 explicitly states that HTTP/1.1 agents must use the |
| Connection header to indicate their wish of persistent or non-persistent |
| connections, both browsers and proxies ignore this header for proxied |
| connections and make use of the undocumented, non-standard Proxy-Connection |
| header instead. The issue begins when trying to put a load balancer between |
| browsers and such proxies, because there will be a difference between what |
| haproxy understands and what the client and the proxy agree on. |
| |
| By setting this option in a frontend, haproxy can automatically switch to use |
| that non-standard header if it sees proxied requests. A proxied request is |
| defined here as one where the URI begins with neither a '/' nor a '*'. The |
| choice of header only affects requests passing through proxies making use of |
| one of the "httpclose", "forceclose" and "http-server-close" options. Note |
| that this option can only be specified in a frontend and will affect the |
| request along its whole life. |
| |
| Also, when this option is set, a request which requires authentication will |
| automatically switch to use proxy authentication headers if it is itself a |
| proxied request. That makes it possible to check or enforce authentication in |
| front of an existing proxy. |
| |
| This option should normally never be used, except in front of a proxy. |
| |
| See also : "option httpclose", "option forceclose" and "option |
| http-server-close". |
| |
| |
| option httpchk |
| option httpchk <uri> |
| option httpchk <method> <uri> |
| option httpchk <method> <uri> <version> |
| Enable HTTP protocol to check on the servers health |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <method> is the optional HTTP method used with the requests. When not set, |
| the "OPTIONS" method is used, as it generally requires low server |
| processing and is easy to filter out from the logs. Any method |
| may be used, though it is not recommended to invent non-standard |
| ones. |
| |
| <uri> is the URI referenced in the HTTP requests. It defaults to " / " |
| which is accessible by default on almost any server, but may be |
| changed to any other URI. Query strings are permitted. |
| |
| <version> is the optional HTTP version string. It defaults to "HTTP/1.0" |
| but some servers might behave incorrectly in HTTP 1.0, so turning |
| it to HTTP/1.1 may sometimes help. Note that the Host field is |
| mandatory in HTTP/1.1, and as a trick, it is possible to pass it |
| after "\r\n" following the version string. |
| |
| By default, server health checks only consist in trying to establish a TCP |
| connection. When "option httpchk" is specified, a complete HTTP request is |
| sent once the TCP connection is established, and responses 2xx and 3xx are |
| considered valid, while all other ones indicate a server failure, including |
| the lack of any response. |
| |
| The port and interval are specified in the server configuration. |
| |
| This option does not necessarily require an HTTP backend, it also works with |
| plain TCP backends. This is particularly useful to check simple scripts bound |
| to some dedicated ports using the inetd daemon. |
| |
| Examples : |
| # Relay HTTPS traffic to Apache instance and check service availability |
| # using HTTP request "OPTIONS * HTTP/1.1" on port 80. |
| backend https_relay |
| mode tcp |
| option httpchk OPTIONS * HTTP/1.1\r\nHost:\ www |
| server apache1 192.168.1.1:443 check port 80 |
| |
| See also : "option ssl-hello-chk", "option smtpchk", "option mysql-check", |
| "option pgsql-check", "http-check" and the "check", "port" and |
| "inter" server options. |
| |
| |
| option httpclose |
| no option httpclose |
| Enable or disable passive HTTP connection closing |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| By default HAProxy operates in keep-alive mode with regards to persistent |
| connections: for each connection it processes each request and response, and |
| leaves the connection idle on both sides between the end of a response and |
| the start of a new request. This mode may be changed by several options such |
| as "option http-server-close", "option forceclose", "option httpclose" or |
| "option http-tunnel". |
| |
| If "option httpclose" is set, HAProxy will work in HTTP tunnel mode and check |
| if a "Connection: close" header is already set in each direction, and will |
| add one if missing. Each end should react to this by actively closing the TCP |
| connection after each transfer, thus resulting in a switch to the HTTP close |
| mode. Any "Connection" header different from "close" will also be removed. |
| Note that this option is deprecated since what it does is very cheap but not |
| reliable. Using "option http-server-close" or "option forceclose" is strongly |
| recommended instead. |
| |
| It seldom happens that some servers incorrectly ignore this header and do not |
| close the connection even though they reply "Connection: close". For this |
| reason, they are not compatible with older HTTP 1.0 browsers. If this happens |
| it is possible to use the "option forceclose" which actively closes the |
| request connection once the server responds. Option "forceclose" also |
| releases the server connection earlier because it does not have to wait for |
| the client to acknowledge it. |
| |
| This option may be set both in a frontend and in a backend. It is enabled if |
| at least one of the frontend or backend holding a connection has it enabled. |
| It disables and replaces any previous "option http-server-close", |
| "option forceclose", "option http-keep-alive" or "option http-tunnel". Please |
| check section 4 ("Proxies") to see how this option combines with others when |
| frontend and backend options differ. |
| |
| If this option has been enabled in a "defaults" section, it can be disabled |
| in a specific instance by prepending the "no" keyword before it. |
| |
| See also : "option forceclose", "option http-server-close" and |
| "1.1. The HTTP transaction model". |
| |
| |
| option httplog [ clf ] |
| Enable logging of HTTP request, session state and timers |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| clf if the "clf" argument is added, then the output format will be |
| the CLF format instead of HAProxy's default HTTP format. You can |
| use this when you need to feed HAProxy's logs through a specific |
| log analyser which only support the CLF format and which is not |
| extensible. |
| |
| By default, the log output format is very poor, as it only contains the |
| source and destination addresses, and the instance name. By specifying |
| "option httplog", each log line turns into a much richer format including, |
| but not limited to, the HTTP request, the connection timers, the session |
| status, the connections numbers, the captured headers and cookies, the |
| frontend, backend and server name, and of course the source address and |
| ports. |
| |
| This option may be set either in the frontend or the backend. |
| |
| Specifying only "option httplog" will automatically clear the 'clf' mode |
| if it was set by default. |
| |
| See also : section 8 about logging. |
| |
| |
| option http_proxy |
| no option http_proxy |
| Enable or disable plain HTTP proxy mode |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| It sometimes happens that people need a pure HTTP proxy which understands |
| basic proxy requests without caching nor any fancy feature. In this case, |
| it may be worth setting up an HAProxy instance with the "option http_proxy" |
| set. In this mode, no server is declared, and the connection is forwarded to |
| the IP address and port found in the URL after the "http://" scheme. |
| |
| No host address resolution is performed, so this only works when pure IP |
| addresses are passed. Since this option's usage perimeter is rather limited, |
| it will probably be used only by experts who know they need exactly it. Last, |
| if the clients are susceptible of sending keep-alive requests, it will be |
| needed to add "option httpclose" to ensure that all requests will correctly |
| be analyzed. |
| |
| If this option has been enabled in a "defaults" section, it can be disabled |
| in a specific instance by prepending the "no" keyword before it. |
| |
| Example : |
| # this backend understands HTTP proxy requests and forwards them directly. |
| backend direct_forward |
| option httpclose |
| option http_proxy |
| |
| See also : "option httpclose" |
| |
| |
| option independent-streams |
| no option independent-streams |
| Enable or disable independent timeout processing for both directions |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| By default, when data is sent over a socket, both the write timeout and the |
| read timeout for that socket are refreshed, because we consider that there is |
| activity on that socket, and we have no other means of guessing if we should |
| receive data or not. |
| |
| While this default behaviour is desirable for almost all applications, there |
| exists a situation where it is desirable to disable it, and only refresh the |
| read timeout if there are incoming data. This happens on sessions with large |
| timeouts and low amounts of exchanged data such as telnet session. If the |
| server suddenly disappears, the output data accumulates in the system's |
| socket buffers, both timeouts are correctly refreshed, and there is no way |
| to know the server does not receive them, so we don't timeout. However, when |
| the underlying protocol always echoes sent data, it would be enough by itself |
| to detect the issue using the read timeout. Note that this problem does not |
| happen with more verbose protocols because data won't accumulate long in the |
| socket buffers. |
| |
| When this option is set on the frontend, it will disable read timeout updates |
| on data sent to the client. There probably is little use of this case. When |
| the option is set on the backend, it will disable read timeout updates on |
| data sent to the server. Doing so will typically break large HTTP posts from |
| slow lines, so use it with caution. |
| |
| Note: older versions used to call this setting "option independent-streams" |
| with a spelling mistake. This spelling is still supported but |
| deprecated. |
| |
| See also : "timeout client", "timeout server" and "timeout tunnel" |
| |
| |
| option ldap-check |
| Use LDAPv3 health checks for server testing |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| It is possible to test that the server correctly talks LDAPv3 instead of just |
| testing that it accepts the TCP connection. When this option is set, an |
| LDAPv3 anonymous simple bind message is sent to the server, and the response |
| is analyzed to find an LDAPv3 bind response message. |
| |
| The server is considered valid only when the LDAP response contains success |
| resultCode (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4511#section-4.1.9). |
| |
| Logging of bind requests is server dependent see your documentation how to |
| configure it. |
| |
| Example : |
| option ldap-check |
| |
| See also : "option httpchk" |
| |
| |
| option external-check |
| Use external processes for server health checks |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| |
| It is possible to test the health of a server using an external command. |
| This is achieved by running the executable set using "external-check |
| command". |
| |
| Requires the "external-check" global to be set. |
| |
| See also : "external-check", "external-check command", "external-check path" |
| |
| |
| option log-health-checks |
| no option log-health-checks |
| Enable or disable logging of health checks status updates |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| By default, failed health check are logged if server is UP and successful |
| health checks are logged if server is DOWN, so the amount of additional |
| information is limited. |
| |
| When this option is enabled, any change of the health check status or to |
| the server's health will be logged, so that it becomes possible to know |
| that a server was failing occasional checks before crashing, or exactly when |
| it failed to respond a valid HTTP status, then when the port started to |
| reject connections, then when the server stopped responding at all. |
| |
| Note that status changes not caused by health checks (eg: enable/disable on |
| the CLI) are intentionally not logged by this option. |
| |
| See also: "option httpchk", "option ldap-check", "option mysql-check", |
| "option pgsql-check", "option redis-check", "option smtpchk", |
| "option tcp-check", "log" and section 8 about logging. |
| |
| |
| option log-separate-errors |
| no option log-separate-errors |
| Change log level for non-completely successful connections |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | no |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| Sometimes looking for errors in logs is not easy. This option makes haproxy |
| raise the level of logs containing potentially interesting information such |
| as errors, timeouts, retries, redispatches, or HTTP status codes 5xx. The |
| level changes from "info" to "err". This makes it possible to log them |
| separately to a different file with most syslog daemons. Be careful not to |
| remove them from the original file, otherwise you would lose ordering which |
| provides very important information. |
| |
| Using this option, large sites dealing with several thousand connections per |
| second may log normal traffic to a rotating buffer and only archive smaller |
| error logs. |
| |
| See also : "log", "dontlognull", "dontlog-normal" and section 8 about |
| logging. |
| |
| |
| option logasap |
| no option logasap |
| Enable or disable early logging of HTTP requests |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | no |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| By default, HTTP requests are logged upon termination so that the total |
| transfer time and the number of bytes appear in the logs. When large objects |
| are being transferred, it may take a while before the request appears in the |
| logs. Using "option logasap", the request gets logged as soon as the server |
| sends the complete headers. The only missing information in the logs will be |
| the total number of bytes which will indicate everything except the amount |
| of data transferred, and the total time which will not take the transfer |
| time into account. In such a situation, it's a good practice to capture the |
| "Content-Length" response header so that the logs at least indicate how many |
| bytes are expected to be transferred. |
| |
| Examples : |
| listen http_proxy 0.0.0.0:80 |
| mode http |
| option httplog |
| option logasap |
| log 192.168.2.200 local3 |
| |
| >>> Feb 6 12:14:14 localhost \ |
| haproxy[14389]: 10.0.1.2:33317 [06/Feb/2009:12:14:14.655] http-in \ |
| static/srv1 9/10/7/14/+30 200 +243 - - ---- 3/1/1/1/0 1/0 \ |
| "GET /image.iso HTTP/1.0" |
| |
| See also : "option httplog", "capture response header", and section 8 about |
| logging. |
| |
| |
| option mysql-check [ user <username> [ post-41 ] ] |
| Use MySQL health checks for server testing |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <username> This is the username which will be used when connecting to MySQL |
| server. |
| post-41 Send post v4.1 client compatible checks |
| |
| If you specify a username, the check consists of sending two MySQL packet, |
| one Client Authentication packet, and one QUIT packet, to correctly close |
| MySQL session. We then parse the MySQL Handshake Initialisation packet and/or |
| Error packet. It is a basic but useful test which does not produce error nor |
| aborted connect on the server. However, it requires adding an authorization |
| in the MySQL table, like this : |
| |
| USE mysql; |
| INSERT INTO user (Host,User) values ('<ip_of_haproxy>','<username>'); |
| FLUSH PRIVILEGES; |
| |
| If you don't specify a username (it is deprecated and not recommended), the |
| check only consists in parsing the Mysql Handshake Initialisation packet or |
| Error packet, we don't send anything in this mode. It was reported that it |
| can generate lockout if check is too frequent and/or if there is not enough |
| traffic. In fact, you need in this case to check MySQL "max_connect_errors" |
| value as if a connection is established successfully within fewer than MySQL |
| "max_connect_errors" attempts after a previous connection was interrupted, |
| the error count for the host is cleared to zero. If HAProxy's server get |
| blocked, the "FLUSH HOSTS" statement is the only way to unblock it. |
| |
| Remember that this does not check database presence nor database consistency. |
| To do this, you can use an external check with xinetd for example. |
| |
| The check requires MySQL >=3.22, for older version, please use TCP check. |
| |
| Most often, an incoming MySQL server needs to see the client's IP address for |
| various purposes, including IP privilege matching and connection logging. |
| When possible, it is often wise to masquerade the client's IP address when |
| connecting to the server using the "usesrc" argument of the "source" keyword, |
| which requires the cttproxy feature to be compiled in, and the MySQL server |
| to route the client via the machine hosting haproxy. |
| |
| See also: "option httpchk" |
| |
| |
| option nolinger |
| no option nolinger |
| Enable or disable immediate session resource cleaning after close |
| May be used in sections: defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| When clients or servers abort connections in a dirty way (eg: they are |
| physically disconnected), the session timeouts triggers and the session is |
| closed. But it will remain in FIN_WAIT1 state for some time in the system, |
| using some resources and possibly limiting the ability to establish newer |
| connections. |
| |
| When this happens, it is possible to activate "option nolinger" which forces |
| the system to immediately remove any socket's pending data on close. Thus, |
| the session is instantly purged from the system's tables. This usually has |
| side effects such as increased number of TCP resets due to old retransmits |
| getting immediately rejected. Some firewalls may sometimes complain about |
| this too. |
| |
| For this reason, it is not recommended to use this option when not absolutely |
| needed. You know that you need it when you have thousands of FIN_WAIT1 |
| sessions on your system (TIME_WAIT ones do not count). |
| |
| This option may be used both on frontends and backends, depending on the side |
| where it is required. Use it on the frontend for clients, and on the backend |
| for servers. |
| |
| If this option has been enabled in a "defaults" section, it can be disabled |
| in a specific instance by prepending the "no" keyword before it. |
| |
| |
| option originalto [ except <network> ] [ header <name> ] |
| Enable insertion of the X-Original-To header to requests sent to servers |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <network> is an optional argument used to disable this option for sources |
| matching <network> |
| <name> an optional argument to specify a different "X-Original-To" |
| header name. |
| |
| Since HAProxy can work in transparent mode, every request from a client can |
| be redirected to the proxy and HAProxy itself can proxy every request to a |
| complex SQUID environment and the destination host from SO_ORIGINAL_DST will |
| be lost. This is annoying when you want access rules based on destination ip |
| addresses. To solve this problem, a new HTTP header "X-Original-To" may be |
| added by HAProxy to all requests sent to the server. This header contains a |
| value representing the original destination IP address. Since this must be |
| configured to always use the last occurrence of this header only. Note that |
| only the last occurrence of the header must be used, since it is really |
| possible that the client has already brought one. |
| |
| The keyword "header" may be used to supply a different header name to replace |
| the default "X-Original-To". This can be useful where you might already |
| have a "X-Original-To" header from a different application, and you need |
| preserve it. Also if your backend server doesn't use the "X-Original-To" |
| header and requires different one. |
| |
| Sometimes, a same HAProxy instance may be shared between a direct client |
| access and a reverse-proxy access (for instance when an SSL reverse-proxy is |
| used to decrypt HTTPS traffic). It is possible to disable the addition of the |
| header for a known source address or network by adding the "except" keyword |
| followed by the network address. In this case, any source IP matching the |
| network will not cause an addition of this header. Most common uses are with |
| private networks or 127.0.0.1. |
| |
| This option may be specified either in the frontend or in the backend. If at |
| least one of them uses it, the header will be added. Note that the backend's |
| setting of the header subargument takes precedence over the frontend's if |
| both are defined. |
| |
| Examples : |
| # Original Destination address |
| frontend www |
| mode http |
| option originalto except 127.0.0.1 |
| |
| # Those servers want the IP Address in X-Client-Dst |
| backend www |
| mode http |
| option originalto header X-Client-Dst |
| |
| See also : "option httpclose", "option http-server-close", |
| "option forceclose" |
| |
| |
| option persist |
| no option persist |
| Enable or disable forced persistence on down servers |
| May be used in sections: defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| When an HTTP request reaches a backend with a cookie which references a dead |
| server, by default it is redispatched to another server. It is possible to |
| force the request to be sent to the dead server first using "option persist" |
| if absolutely needed. A common use case is when servers are under extreme |
| load and spend their time flapping. In this case, the users would still be |
| directed to the server they opened the session on, in the hope they would be |
| correctly served. It is recommended to use "option redispatch" in conjunction |
| with this option so that in the event it would not be possible to connect to |
| the server at all (server definitely dead), the client would finally be |
| redirected to another valid server. |
| |
| If this option has been enabled in a "defaults" section, it can be disabled |
| in a specific instance by prepending the "no" keyword before it. |
| |
| See also : "option redispatch", "retries", "force-persist" |
| |
| |
| option pgsql-check [ user <username> ] |
| Use PostgreSQL health checks for server testing |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <username> This is the username which will be used when connecting to |
| PostgreSQL server. |
| |
| The check sends a PostgreSQL StartupMessage and waits for either |
| Authentication request or ErrorResponse message. It is a basic but useful |
| test which does not produce error nor aborted connect on the server. |
| This check is identical with the "mysql-check". |
| |
| See also: "option httpchk" |
| |
| |
| option prefer-last-server |
| no option prefer-last-server |
| Allow multiple load balanced requests to remain on the same server |
| May be used in sections: defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| When the load balancing algorithm in use is not deterministic, and a previous |
| request was sent to a server to which haproxy still holds a connection, it is |
| sometimes desirable that subsequent requests on a same session go to the same |
| server as much as possible. Note that this is different from persistence, as |
| we only indicate a preference which haproxy tries to apply without any form |
| of warranty. The real use is for keep-alive connections sent to servers. When |
| this option is used, haproxy will try to reuse the same connection that is |
| attached to the server instead of rebalancing to another server, causing a |
| close of the connection. This can make sense for static file servers. It does |
| not make much sense to use this in combination with hashing algorithms. Note, |
| haproxy already automatically tries to stick to a server which sends a 401 or |
| to a proxy which sends a 407 (authentication required). This is mandatory for |
| use with the broken NTLM authentication challenge, and significantly helps in |
| troubleshooting some faulty applications. Option prefer-last-server might be |
| desirable in these environments as well, to avoid redistributing the traffic |
| after every other response. |
| |
| If this option has been enabled in a "defaults" section, it can be disabled |
| in a specific instance by prepending the "no" keyword before it. |
| |
| See also: "option http-keep-alive" |
| |
| |
| option redispatch |
| no option redispatch |
| Enable or disable session redistribution in case of connection failure |
| May be used in sections: defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| In HTTP mode, if a server designated by a cookie is down, clients may |
| definitely stick to it because they cannot flush the cookie, so they will not |
| be able to access the service anymore. |
| |
| Specifying "option redispatch" will allow the proxy to break their |
| persistence and redistribute them to a working server. |
| |
| It also allows to retry last connection to another server in case of multiple |
| connection failures. Of course, it requires having "retries" set to a nonzero |
| value. |
| |
| This form is the preferred form, which replaces both the "redispatch" and |
| "redisp" keywords. |
| |
| If this option has been enabled in a "defaults" section, it can be disabled |
| in a specific instance by prepending the "no" keyword before it. |
| |
| See also : "redispatch", "retries", "force-persist" |
| |
| |
| option redis-check |
| Use redis health checks for server testing |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| It is possible to test that the server correctly talks REDIS protocol instead |
| of just testing that it accepts the TCP connection. When this option is set, |
| a PING redis command is sent to the server, and the response is analyzed to |
| find the "+PONG" response message. |
| |
| Example : |
| option redis-check |
| |
| See also : "option httpchk" |
| |
| |
| option smtpchk |
| option smtpchk <hello> <domain> |
| Use SMTP health checks for server testing |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <hello> is an optional argument. It is the "hello" command to use. It can |
| be either "HELO" (for SMTP) or "EHLO" (for ESTMP). All other |
| values will be turned into the default command ("HELO"). |
| |
| <domain> is the domain name to present to the server. It may only be |
| specified (and is mandatory) if the hello command has been |
| specified. By default, "localhost" is used. |
| |
| When "option smtpchk" is set, the health checks will consist in TCP |
| connections followed by an SMTP command. By default, this command is |
| "HELO localhost". The server's return code is analyzed and only return codes |
| starting with a "2" will be considered as valid. All other responses, |
| including a lack of response will constitute an error and will indicate a |
| dead server. |
| |
| This test is meant to be used with SMTP servers or relays. Depending on the |
| request, it is possible that some servers do not log each connection attempt, |
| so you may want to experiment to improve the behaviour. Using telnet on port |
| 25 is often easier than adjusting the configuration. |
| |
| Most often, an incoming SMTP server needs to see the client's IP address for |
| various purposes, including spam filtering, anti-spoofing and logging. When |
| possible, it is often wise to masquerade the client's IP address when |
| connecting to the server using the "usesrc" argument of the "source" keyword, |
| which requires the cttproxy feature to be compiled in. |
| |
| Example : |
| option smtpchk HELO mydomain.org |
| |
| See also : "option httpchk", "source" |
| |
| |
| option socket-stats |
| no option socket-stats |
| |
| Enable or disable collecting & providing separate statistics for each socket. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | no |
| |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| |
| option splice-auto |
| no option splice-auto |
| Enable or disable automatic kernel acceleration on sockets in both directions |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| When this option is enabled either on a frontend or on a backend, haproxy |
| will automatically evaluate the opportunity to use kernel tcp splicing to |
| forward data between the client and the server, in either direction. Haproxy |
| uses heuristics to estimate if kernel splicing might improve performance or |
| not. Both directions are handled independently. Note that the heuristics used |
| are not much aggressive in order to limit excessive use of splicing. This |
| option requires splicing to be enabled at compile time, and may be globally |
| disabled with the global option "nosplice". Since splice uses pipes, using it |
| requires that there are enough spare pipes. |
| |
| Important note: kernel-based TCP splicing is a Linux-specific feature which |
| first appeared in kernel 2.6.25. It offers kernel-based acceleration to |
| transfer data between sockets without copying these data to user-space, thus |
| providing noticeable performance gains and CPU cycles savings. Since many |
| early implementations are buggy, corrupt data and/or are inefficient, this |
| feature is not enabled by default, and it should be used with extreme care. |
| While it is not possible to detect the correctness of an implementation, |
| 2.6.29 is the first version offering a properly working implementation. In |
| case of doubt, splicing may be globally disabled using the global "nosplice" |
| keyword. |
| |
| Example : |
| option splice-auto |
| |
| If this option has been enabled in a "defaults" section, it can be disabled |
| in a specific instance by prepending the "no" keyword before it. |
| |
| See also : "option splice-request", "option splice-response", and global |
| options "nosplice" and "maxpipes" |
| |
| |
| option splice-request |
| no option splice-request |
| Enable or disable automatic kernel acceleration on sockets for requests |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| When this option is enabled either on a frontend or on a backend, haproxy |
| will use kernel tcp splicing whenever possible to forward data going from |
| the client to the server. It might still use the recv/send scheme if there |
| are no spare pipes left. This option requires splicing to be enabled at |
| compile time, and may be globally disabled with the global option "nosplice". |
| Since splice uses pipes, using it requires that there are enough spare pipes. |
| |
| Important note: see "option splice-auto" for usage limitations. |
| |
| Example : |
| option splice-request |
| |
| If this option has been enabled in a "defaults" section, it can be disabled |
| in a specific instance by prepending the "no" keyword before it. |
| |
| See also : "option splice-auto", "option splice-response", and global options |
| "nosplice" and "maxpipes" |
| |
| |
| option splice-response |
| no option splice-response |
| Enable or disable automatic kernel acceleration on sockets for responses |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| When this option is enabled either on a frontend or on a backend, haproxy |
| will use kernel tcp splicing whenever possible to forward data going from |
| the server to the client. It might still use the recv/send scheme if there |
| are no spare pipes left. This option requires splicing to be enabled at |
| compile time, and may be globally disabled with the global option "nosplice". |
| Since splice uses pipes, using it requires that there are enough spare pipes. |
| |
| Important note: see "option splice-auto" for usage limitations. |
| |
| Example : |
| option splice-response |
| |
| If this option has been enabled in a "defaults" section, it can be disabled |
| in a specific instance by prepending the "no" keyword before it. |
| |
| See also : "option splice-auto", "option splice-request", and global options |
| "nosplice" and "maxpipes" |
| |
| |
| option srvtcpka |
| no option srvtcpka |
| Enable or disable the sending of TCP keepalive packets on the server side |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| When there is a firewall or any session-aware component between a client and |
| a server, and when the protocol involves very long sessions with long idle |
| periods (eg: remote desktops), there is a risk that one of the intermediate |
| components decides to expire a session which has remained idle for too long. |
| |
| Enabling socket-level TCP keep-alives makes the system regularly send packets |
| to the other end of the connection, leaving it active. The delay between |
| keep-alive probes is controlled by the system only and depends both on the |
| operating system and its tuning parameters. |
| |
| It is important to understand that keep-alive packets are neither emitted nor |
| received at the application level. It is only the network stacks which sees |
| them. For this reason, even if one side of the proxy already uses keep-alives |
| to maintain its connection alive, those keep-alive packets will not be |
| forwarded to the other side of the proxy. |
| |
| Please note that this has nothing to do with HTTP keep-alive. |
| |
| Using option "srvtcpka" enables the emission of TCP keep-alive probes on the |
| server side of a connection, which should help when session expirations are |
| noticed between HAProxy and a server. |
| |
| If this option has been enabled in a "defaults" section, it can be disabled |
| in a specific instance by prepending the "no" keyword before it. |
| |
| See also : "option clitcpka", "option tcpka" |
| |
| |
| option ssl-hello-chk |
| Use SSLv3 client hello health checks for server testing |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| When some SSL-based protocols are relayed in TCP mode through HAProxy, it is |
| possible to test that the server correctly talks SSL instead of just testing |
| that it accepts the TCP connection. When "option ssl-hello-chk" is set, pure |
| SSLv3 client hello messages are sent once the connection is established to |
| the server, and the response is analyzed to find an SSL server hello message. |
| The server is considered valid only when the response contains this server |
| hello message. |
| |
| All servers tested till there correctly reply to SSLv3 client hello messages, |
| and most servers tested do not even log the requests containing only hello |
| messages, which is appreciable. |
| |
| Note that this check works even when SSL support was not built into haproxy |
| because it forges the SSL message. When SSL support is available, it is best |
| to use native SSL health checks instead of this one. |
| |
| See also: "option httpchk", "check-ssl" |
| |
| |
| option tcp-check |
| Perform health checks using tcp-check send/expect sequences |
| May be used in sections: defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| |
| This health check method is intended to be combined with "tcp-check" command |
| lists in order to support send/expect types of health check sequences. |
| |
| TCP checks currently support 4 modes of operations : |
| - no "tcp-check" directive : the health check only consists in a connection |
| attempt, which remains the default mode. |
| |
| - "tcp-check send" or "tcp-check send-binary" only is mentioned : this is |
| used to send a string along with a connection opening. With some |
| protocols, it helps sending a "QUIT" message for example that prevents |
| the server from logging a connection error for each health check. The |
| check result will still be based on the ability to open the connection |
| only. |
| |
| - "tcp-check expect" only is mentioned : this is used to test a banner. |
| The connection is opened and haproxy waits for the server to present some |
| contents which must validate some rules. The check result will be based |
| on the matching between the contents and the rules. This is suited for |
| POP, IMAP, SMTP, FTP, SSH, TELNET. |
| |
| - both "tcp-check send" and "tcp-check expect" are mentioned : this is |
| used to test a hello-type protocol. Haproxy sends a message, the server |
| responds and its response is analysed. the check result will be based on |
| the matching between the response contents and the rules. This is often |
| suited for protocols which require a binding or a request/response model. |
| LDAP, MySQL, Redis and SSL are example of such protocols, though they |
| already all have their dedicated checks with a deeper understanding of |
| the respective protocols. |
| In this mode, many questions may be sent and many answers may be |
| analysed. |
| |
| Examples : |
| # perform a POP check (analyse only server's banner) |
| option tcp-check |
| tcp-check expect string +OK\ POP3\ ready |
| |
| # perform an IMAP check (analyse only server's banner) |
| option tcp-check |
| tcp-check expect string *\ OK\ IMAP4\ ready |
| |
| # look for the redis master server after ensuring it speaks well |
| # redis protocol, then it exits properly. |
| # (send a command then analyse the response 3 times) |
| option tcp-check |
| tcp-check send PING\r\n |
| tcp-check expect +PONG |
| tcp-check send info\ replication\r\n |
| tcp-check expect string role:master |
| tcp-check send QUIT\r\n |
| tcp-check expect string +OK |
| |
| forge a HTTP request, then analyse the response |
| (send many headers before analyzing) |
| option tcp-check |
| tcp-check send HEAD\ /\ HTTP/1.1\r\n |
| tcp-check send Host:\ www.mydomain.com\r\n |
| tcp-check send User-Agent:\ HAProxy\ tcpcheck\r\n |
| tcp-check send \r\n |
| tcp-check expect rstring HTTP/1\..\ (2..|3..) |
| |
| |
| See also : "tcp-check expect", "tcp-check send" |
| |
| |
| option tcp-smart-accept |
| no option tcp-smart-accept |
| Enable or disable the saving of one ACK packet during the accept sequence |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | no |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| When an HTTP connection request comes in, the system acknowledges it on |
| behalf of HAProxy, then the client immediately sends its request, and the |
| system acknowledges it too while it is notifying HAProxy about the new |
| connection. HAProxy then reads the request and responds. This means that we |
| have one TCP ACK sent by the system for nothing, because the request could |
| very well be acknowledged by HAProxy when it sends its response. |
| |
| For this reason, in HTTP mode, HAProxy automatically asks the system to avoid |
| sending this useless ACK on platforms which support it (currently at least |
| Linux). It must not cause any problem, because the system will send it anyway |
| after 40 ms if the response takes more time than expected to come. |
| |
| During complex network debugging sessions, it may be desirable to disable |
| this optimization because delayed ACKs can make troubleshooting more complex |
| when trying to identify where packets are delayed. It is then possible to |
| fall back to normal behaviour by specifying "no option tcp-smart-accept". |
| |
| It is also possible to force it for non-HTTP proxies by simply specifying |
| "option tcp-smart-accept". For instance, it can make sense with some services |
| such as SMTP where the server speaks first. |
| |
| It is recommended to avoid forcing this option in a defaults section. In case |
| of doubt, consider setting it back to automatic values by prepending the |
| "default" keyword before it, or disabling it using the "no" keyword. |
| |
| See also : "option tcp-smart-connect" |
| |
| |
| option tcp-smart-connect |
| no option tcp-smart-connect |
| Enable or disable the saving of one ACK packet during the connect sequence |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| On certain systems (at least Linux), HAProxy can ask the kernel not to |
| immediately send an empty ACK upon a connection request, but to directly |
| send the buffer request instead. This saves one packet on the network and |
| thus boosts performance. It can also be useful for some servers, because they |
| immediately get the request along with the incoming connection. |
| |
| This feature is enabled when "option tcp-smart-connect" is set in a backend. |
| It is not enabled by default because it makes network troubleshooting more |
| complex. |
| |
| It only makes sense to enable it with protocols where the client speaks first |
| such as HTTP. In other situations, if there is no data to send in place of |
| the ACK, a normal ACK is sent. |
| |
| If this option has been enabled in a "defaults" section, it can be disabled |
| in a specific instance by prepending the "no" keyword before it. |
| |
| See also : "option tcp-smart-accept" |
| |
| |
| option tcpka |
| Enable or disable the sending of TCP keepalive packets on both sides |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| When there is a firewall or any session-aware component between a client and |
| a server, and when the protocol involves very long sessions with long idle |
| periods (eg: remote desktops), there is a risk that one of the intermediate |
| components decides to expire a session which has remained idle for too long. |
| |
| Enabling socket-level TCP keep-alives makes the system regularly send packets |
| to the other end of the connection, leaving it active. The delay between |
| keep-alive probes is controlled by the system only and depends both on the |
| operating system and its tuning parameters. |
| |
| It is important to understand that keep-alive packets are neither emitted nor |
| received at the application level. It is only the network stacks which sees |
| them. For this reason, even if one side of the proxy already uses keep-alives |
| to maintain its connection alive, those keep-alive packets will not be |
| forwarded to the other side of the proxy. |
| |
| Please note that this has nothing to do with HTTP keep-alive. |
| |
| Using option "tcpka" enables the emission of TCP keep-alive probes on both |
| the client and server sides of a connection. Note that this is meaningful |
| only in "defaults" or "listen" sections. If this option is used in a |
| frontend, only the client side will get keep-alives, and if this option is |
| used in a backend, only the server side will get keep-alives. For this |
| reason, it is strongly recommended to explicitly use "option clitcpka" and |
| "option srvtcpka" when the configuration is split between frontends and |
| backends. |
| |
| See also : "option clitcpka", "option srvtcpka" |
| |
| |
| option tcplog |
| Enable advanced logging of TCP connections with session state and timers |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| By default, the log output format is very poor, as it only contains the |
| source and destination addresses, and the instance name. By specifying |
| "option tcplog", each log line turns into a much richer format including, but |
| not limited to, the connection timers, the session status, the connections |
| numbers, the frontend, backend and server name, and of course the source |
| address and ports. This option is useful for pure TCP proxies in order to |
| find which of the client or server disconnects or times out. For normal HTTP |
| proxies, it's better to use "option httplog" which is even more complete. |
| |
| This option may be set either in the frontend or the backend. |
| |
| See also : "option httplog", and section 8 about logging. |
| |
| |
| option transparent |
| no option transparent |
| Enable client-side transparent proxying |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| This option was introduced in order to provide layer 7 persistence to layer 3 |
| load balancers. The idea is to use the OS's ability to redirect an incoming |
| connection for a remote address to a local process (here HAProxy), and let |
| this process know what address was initially requested. When this option is |
| used, sessions without cookies will be forwarded to the original destination |
| IP address of the incoming request (which should match that of another |
| equipment), while requests with cookies will still be forwarded to the |
| appropriate server. |
| |
| Note that contrary to a common belief, this option does NOT make HAProxy |
| present the client's IP to the server when establishing the connection. |
| |
| See also: the "usesrc" argument of the "source" keyword, and the |
| "transparent" option of the "bind" keyword. |
| |
| |
| external-check command <command> |
| Executable to run when performing an external-check |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| |
| Arguments : |
| <command> is the external command to run |
| |
| The arguments passed to the to the command are: |
| |
| <proxy_address> <proxy_port> <server_address> <server_port> |
| |
| The <proxy_address> and <proxy_port> are derived from the first listener |
| that is either IPv4, IPv6 or a UNIX socket. In the case of a UNIX socket |
| listener the proxy_address will be the path of the socket and the |
| <proxy_port> will be the string "NOT_USED". In a backend section, it's not |
| possible to determine a listener, and both <proxy_address> and <proxy_port> |
| will have the string value "NOT_USED". |
| |
| Some values are also provided through environment variables. |
| |
| Environment variables : |
| HAPROXY_PROXY_ADDR The first bind address if available (or empty if not |
| applicable, for example in a "backend" section). |
| |
| HAPROXY_PROXY_ID The backend id. |
| |
| HAPROXY_PROXY_NAME The backend name. |
| |
| HAPROXY_PROXY_PORT The first bind port if available (or empty if not |
| applicable, for example in a "backend" section or |
| for a UNIX socket). |
| |
| HAPROXY_SERVER_ADDR The server address. |
| |
| HAPROXY_SERVER_CURCONN The current number of connections on the server. |
| |
| HAPROXY_SERVER_ID The server id. |
| |
| HAPROXY_SERVER_MAXCONN The server max connections. |
| |
| HAPROXY_SERVER_NAME The server name. |
| |
| HAPROXY_SERVER_PORT The server port if available (or empty for a UNIX |
| socket). |
| |
| PATH The PATH environment variable used when executing |
| the command may be set using "external-check path". |
| |
| If the command executed and exits with a zero status then the check is |
| considered to have passed, otherwise the check is considered to have |
| failed. |
| |
| Example : |
| external-check command /bin/true |
| |
| See also : "external-check", "option external-check", "external-check path" |
| |
| |
| external-check path <path> |
| The value of the PATH environment variable used when running an external-check |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| |
| Arguments : |
| <path> is the path used when executing external command to run |
| |
| The default path is "". |
| |
| Example : |
| external-check path "/usr/bin:/bin" |
| |
| See also : "external-check", "option external-check", |
| "external-check command" |
| |
| |
| persist rdp-cookie |
| persist rdp-cookie(<name>) |
| Enable RDP cookie-based persistence |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <name> is the optional name of the RDP cookie to check. If omitted, the |
| default cookie name "msts" will be used. There currently is no |
| valid reason to change this name. |
| |
| This statement enables persistence based on an RDP cookie. The RDP cookie |
| contains all information required to find the server in the list of known |
| servers. So when this option is set in the backend, the request is analysed |
| and if an RDP cookie is found, it is decoded. If it matches a known server |
| which is still UP (or if "option persist" is set), then the connection is |
| forwarded to this server. |
| |
| Note that this only makes sense in a TCP backend, but for this to work, the |
| frontend must have waited long enough to ensure that an RDP cookie is present |
| in the request buffer. This is the same requirement as with the "rdp-cookie" |
| load-balancing method. Thus it is highly recommended to put all statements in |
| a single "listen" section. |
| |
| Also, it is important to understand that the terminal server will emit this |
| RDP cookie only if it is configured for "token redirection mode", which means |
| that the "IP address redirection" option is disabled. |
| |
| Example : |
| listen tse-farm |
| bind :3389 |
| # wait up to 5s for an RDP cookie in the request |
| tcp-request inspect-delay 5s |
| tcp-request content accept if RDP_COOKIE |
| # apply RDP cookie persistence |
| persist rdp-cookie |
| # if server is unknown, let's balance on the same cookie. |
| # alternatively, "balance leastconn" may be useful too. |
| balance rdp-cookie |
| server srv1 1.1.1.1:3389 |
| server srv2 1.1.1.2:3389 |
| |
| See also : "balance rdp-cookie", "tcp-request", the "req_rdp_cookie" ACL and |
| the rdp_cookie pattern fetch function. |
| |
| |
| rate-limit sessions <rate> |
| Set a limit on the number of new sessions accepted per second on a frontend |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | no |
| Arguments : |
| <rate> The <rate> parameter is an integer designating the maximum number |
| of new sessions per second to accept on the frontend. |
| |
| When the frontend reaches the specified number of new sessions per second, it |
| stops accepting new connections until the rate drops below the limit again. |
| During this time, the pending sessions will be kept in the socket's backlog |
| (in system buffers) and haproxy will not even be aware that sessions are |
| pending. When applying very low limit on a highly loaded service, it may make |
| sense to increase the socket's backlog using the "backlog" keyword. |
| |
| This feature is particularly efficient at blocking connection-based attacks |
| or service abuse on fragile servers. Since the session rate is measured every |
| millisecond, it is extremely accurate. Also, the limit applies immediately, |
| no delay is needed at all to detect the threshold. |
| |
| Example : limit the connection rate on SMTP to 10 per second max |
| listen smtp |
| mode tcp |
| bind :25 |
| rate-limit sessions 10 |
| server 127.0.0.1:1025 |
| |
| Note : when the maximum rate is reached, the frontend's status is not changed |
| but its sockets appear as "WAITING" in the statistics if the |
| "socket-stats" option is enabled. |
| |
| See also : the "backlog" keyword and the "fe_sess_rate" ACL criterion. |
| |
| |
| redirect location <loc> [code <code>] <option> [{if | unless} <condition>] |
| redirect prefix <pfx> [code <code>] <option> [{if | unless} <condition>] |
| redirect scheme <sch> [code <code>] <option> [{if | unless} <condition>] |
| Return an HTTP redirection if/unless a condition is matched |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | yes |
| |
| If/unless the condition is matched, the HTTP request will lead to a redirect |
| response. If no condition is specified, the redirect applies unconditionally. |
| |
| Arguments : |
| <loc> With "redirect location", the exact value in <loc> is placed into |
| the HTTP "Location" header. When used in an "http-request" rule, |
| <loc> value follows the log-format rules and can include some |
| dynamic values (see Custom Log Format in section 8.2.4). |
| |
| <pfx> With "redirect prefix", the "Location" header is built from the |
| concatenation of <pfx> and the complete URI path, including the |
| query string, unless the "drop-query" option is specified (see |
| below). As a special case, if <pfx> equals exactly "/", then |
| nothing is inserted before the original URI. It allows one to |
| redirect to the same URL (for instance, to insert a cookie). When |
| used in an "http-request" rule, <pfx> value follows the log-format |
| rules and can include some dynamic values (see Custom Log Format |
| in section 8.2.4). |
| |
| <sch> With "redirect scheme", then the "Location" header is built by |
| concatenating <sch> with "://" then the first occurrence of the |
| "Host" header, and then the URI path, including the query string |
| unless the "drop-query" option is specified (see below). If no |
| path is found or if the path is "*", then "/" is used instead. If |
| no "Host" header is found, then an empty host component will be |
| returned, which most recent browsers interpret as redirecting to |
| the same host. This directive is mostly used to redirect HTTP to |
| HTTPS. When used in an "http-request" rule, <sch> value follows |
| the log-format rules and can include some dynamic values (see |
| Custom Log Format in section 8.2.4). |
| |
| <code> The code is optional. It indicates which type of HTTP redirection |
| is desired. Only codes 301, 302, 303, 307 and 308 are supported, |
| with 302 used by default if no code is specified. 301 means |
| "Moved permanently", and a browser may cache the Location. 302 |
| means "Moved permanently" and means that the browser should not |
| cache the redirection. 303 is equivalent to 302 except that the |
| browser will fetch the location with a GET method. 307 is just |
| like 302 but makes it clear that the same method must be reused. |
| Likewise, 308 replaces 301 if the same method must be used. |
| |
| <option> There are several options which can be specified to adjust the |
| expected behaviour of a redirection : |
| |
| - "drop-query" |
| When this keyword is used in a prefix-based redirection, then the |
| location will be set without any possible query-string, which is useful |
| for directing users to a non-secure page for instance. It has no effect |
| with a location-type redirect. |
| |
| - "append-slash" |
| This keyword may be used in conjunction with "drop-query" to redirect |
| users who use a URL not ending with a '/' to the same one with the '/'. |
| It can be useful to ensure that search engines will only see one URL. |
| For this, a return code 301 is preferred. |
| |
| - "set-cookie NAME[=value]" |
| A "Set-Cookie" header will be added with NAME (and optionally "=value") |
| to the response. This is sometimes used to indicate that a user has |
| been seen, for instance to protect against some types of DoS. No other |
| cookie option is added, so the cookie will be a session cookie. Note |
| that for a browser, a sole cookie name without an equal sign is |
| different from a cookie with an equal sign. |
| |
| - "clear-cookie NAME[=]" |
| A "Set-Cookie" header will be added with NAME (and optionally "="), but |
| with the "Max-Age" attribute set to zero. This will tell the browser to |
| delete this cookie. It is useful for instance on logout pages. It is |
| important to note that clearing the cookie "NAME" will not remove a |
| cookie set with "NAME=value". You have to clear the cookie "NAME=" for |
| that, because the browser makes the difference. |
| |
| Example: move the login URL only to HTTPS. |
| acl clear dst_port 80 |
| acl secure dst_port 8080 |
| acl login_page url_beg /login |
| acl logout url_beg /logout |
| acl uid_given url_reg /login?userid=[^&]+ |
| acl cookie_set hdr_sub(cookie) SEEN=1 |
| |
| redirect prefix https://mysite.com set-cookie SEEN=1 if !cookie_set |
| redirect prefix https://mysite.com if login_page !secure |
| redirect prefix http://mysite.com drop-query if login_page !uid_given |
| redirect location http://mysite.com/ if !login_page secure |
| redirect location / clear-cookie USERID= if logout |
| |
| Example: send redirects for request for articles without a '/'. |
| acl missing_slash path_reg ^/article/[^/]*$ |
| redirect code 301 prefix / drop-query append-slash if missing_slash |
| |
| Example: redirect all HTTP traffic to HTTPS when SSL is handled by haproxy. |
| redirect scheme https if !{ ssl_fc } |
| |
| Example: append 'www.' prefix in front of all hosts not having it |
| http-request redirect code 301 location www.%[hdr(host)]%[req.uri] \ |
| unless { hdr_beg(host) -i www } |
| |
| See section 7 about ACL usage. |
| |
| |
| redisp (deprecated) |
| redispatch (deprecated) |
| Enable or disable session redistribution in case of connection failure |
| May be used in sections: defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| In HTTP mode, if a server designated by a cookie is down, clients may |
| definitely stick to it because they cannot flush the cookie, so they will not |
| be able to access the service anymore. |
| |
| Specifying "redispatch" will allow the proxy to break their persistence and |
| redistribute them to a working server. |
| |
| It also allows to retry last connection to another server in case of multiple |
| connection failures. Of course, it requires having "retries" set to a nonzero |
| value. |
| |
| This form is deprecated, do not use it in any new configuration, use the new |
| "option redispatch" instead. |
| |
| See also : "option redispatch" |
| |
| |
| reqadd <string> [{if | unless} <cond>] |
| Add a header at the end of the HTTP request |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <string> is the complete line to be added. Any space or known delimiter |
| must be escaped using a backslash ('\'). Please refer to section |
| 6 about HTTP header manipulation for more information. |
| |
| <cond> is an optional matching condition built from ACLs. It makes it |
| possible to ignore this rule when other conditions are not met. |
| |
| A new line consisting in <string> followed by a line feed will be added after |
| the last header of an HTTP request. |
| |
| Header transformations only apply to traffic which passes through HAProxy, |
| and not to traffic generated by HAProxy, such as health-checks or error |
| responses. |
| |
| Example : add "X-Proto: SSL" to requests coming via port 81 |
| acl is-ssl dst_port 81 |
| reqadd X-Proto:\ SSL if is-ssl |
| |
| See also: "rspadd", section 6 about HTTP header manipulation, and section 7 |
| about ACLs. |
| |
| |
| reqallow <search> [{if | unless} <cond>] |
| reqiallow <search> [{if | unless} <cond>] (ignore case) |
| Definitely allow an HTTP request if a line matches a regular expression |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <search> is the regular expression applied to HTTP headers and to the |
| request line. This is an extended regular expression. Parenthesis |
| grouping is supported and no preliminary backslash is required. |
| Any space or known delimiter must be escaped using a backslash |
| ('\'). The pattern applies to a full line at a time. The |
| "reqallow" keyword strictly matches case while "reqiallow" |
| ignores case. |
| |
| <cond> is an optional matching condition built from ACLs. It makes it |
| possible to ignore this rule when other conditions are not met. |
| |
| A request containing any line which matches extended regular expression |
| <search> will mark the request as allowed, even if any later test would |
| result in a deny. The test applies both to the request line and to request |
| headers. Keep in mind that URLs in request line are case-sensitive while |
| header names are not. |
| |
| It is easier, faster and more powerful to use ACLs to write access policies. |
| Reqdeny, reqallow and reqpass should be avoided in new designs. |
| |
| Example : |
| # allow www.* but refuse *.local |
| reqiallow ^Host:\ www\. |
| reqideny ^Host:\ .*\.local |
| |
| See also: "reqdeny", "block", section 6 about HTTP header manipulation, and |
| section 7 about ACLs. |
| |
| |
| reqdel <search> [{if | unless} <cond>] |
| reqidel <search> [{if | unless} <cond>] (ignore case) |
| Delete all headers matching a regular expression in an HTTP request |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <search> is the regular expression applied to HTTP headers and to the |
| request line. This is an extended regular expression. Parenthesis |
| grouping is supported and no preliminary backslash is required. |
| Any space or known delimiter must be escaped using a backslash |
| ('\'). The pattern applies to a full line at a time. The "reqdel" |
| keyword strictly matches case while "reqidel" ignores case. |
| |
| <cond> is an optional matching condition built from ACLs. It makes it |
| possible to ignore this rule when other conditions are not met. |
| |
| Any header line matching extended regular expression <search> in the request |
| will be completely deleted. Most common use of this is to remove unwanted |
| and/or dangerous headers or cookies from a request before passing it to the |
| next servers. |
| |
| Header transformations only apply to traffic which passes through HAProxy, |
| and not to traffic generated by HAProxy, such as health-checks or error |
| responses. Keep in mind that header names are not case-sensitive. |
| |
| Example : |
| # remove X-Forwarded-For header and SERVER cookie |
| reqidel ^X-Forwarded-For:.* |
| reqidel ^Cookie:.*SERVER= |
| |
| See also: "reqadd", "reqrep", "rspdel", section 6 about HTTP header |
| manipulation, and section 7 about ACLs. |
| |
| |
| reqdeny <search> [{if | unless} <cond>] |
| reqideny <search> [{if | unless} <cond>] (ignore case) |
| Deny an HTTP request if a line matches a regular expression |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <search> is the regular expression applied to HTTP headers and to the |
| request line. This is an extended regular expression. Parenthesis |
| grouping is supported and no preliminary backslash is required. |
| Any space or known delimiter must be escaped using a backslash |
| ('\'). The pattern applies to a full line at a time. The |
| "reqdeny" keyword strictly matches case while "reqideny" ignores |
| case. |
| |
| <cond> is an optional matching condition built from ACLs. It makes it |
| possible to ignore this rule when other conditions are not met. |
| |
| A request containing any line which matches extended regular expression |
| <search> will mark the request as denied, even if any later test would |
| result in an allow. The test applies both to the request line and to request |
| headers. Keep in mind that URLs in request line are case-sensitive while |
| header names are not. |
| |
| A denied request will generate an "HTTP 403 forbidden" response once the |
| complete request has been parsed. This is consistent with what is practiced |
| using ACLs. |
| |
| It is easier, faster and more powerful to use ACLs to write access policies. |
| Reqdeny, reqallow and reqpass should be avoided in new designs. |
| |
| Example : |
| # refuse *.local, then allow www.* |
| reqideny ^Host:\ .*\.local |
| reqiallow ^Host:\ www\. |
| |
| See also: "reqallow", "rspdeny", "block", section 6 about HTTP header |
| manipulation, and section 7 about ACLs. |
| |
| |
| reqpass <search> [{if | unless} <cond>] |
| reqipass <search> [{if | unless} <cond>] (ignore case) |
| Ignore any HTTP request line matching a regular expression in next rules |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <search> is the regular expression applied to HTTP headers and to the |
| request line. This is an extended regular expression. Parenthesis |
| grouping is supported and no preliminary backslash is required. |
| Any space or known delimiter must be escaped using a backslash |
| ('\'). The pattern applies to a full line at a time. The |
| "reqpass" keyword strictly matches case while "reqipass" ignores |
| case. |
| |
| <cond> is an optional matching condition built from ACLs. It makes it |
| possible to ignore this rule when other conditions are not met. |
| |
| A request containing any line which matches extended regular expression |
| <search> will skip next rules, without assigning any deny or allow verdict. |
| The test applies both to the request line and to request headers. Keep in |
| mind that URLs in request line are case-sensitive while header names are not. |
| |
| It is easier, faster and more powerful to use ACLs to write access policies. |
| Reqdeny, reqallow and reqpass should be avoided in new designs. |
| |
| Example : |
| # refuse *.local, then allow www.*, but ignore "www.private.local" |
| reqipass ^Host:\ www.private\.local |
| reqideny ^Host:\ .*\.local |
| reqiallow ^Host:\ www\. |
| |
| See also: "reqallow", "reqdeny", "block", section 6 about HTTP header |
| manipulation, and section 7 about ACLs. |
| |
| |
| reqrep <search> <string> [{if | unless} <cond>] |
| reqirep <search> <string> [{if | unless} <cond>] (ignore case) |
| Replace a regular expression with a string in an HTTP request line |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <search> is the regular expression applied to HTTP headers and to the |
| request line. This is an extended regular expression. Parenthesis |
| grouping is supported and no preliminary backslash is required. |
| Any space or known delimiter must be escaped using a backslash |
| ('\'). The pattern applies to a full line at a time. The "reqrep" |
| keyword strictly matches case while "reqirep" ignores case. |
| |
| <string> is the complete line to be added. Any space or known delimiter |
| must be escaped using a backslash ('\'). References to matched |
| pattern groups are possible using the common \N form, with N |
| being a single digit between 0 and 9. Please refer to section |
| 6 about HTTP header manipulation for more information. |
| |
| <cond> is an optional matching condition built from ACLs. It makes it |
| possible to ignore this rule when other conditions are not met. |
| |
| Any line matching extended regular expression <search> in the request (both |
| the request line and header lines) will be completely replaced with <string>. |
| Most common use of this is to rewrite URLs or domain names in "Host" headers. |
| |
| Header transformations only apply to traffic which passes through HAProxy, |
| and not to traffic generated by HAProxy, such as health-checks or error |
| responses. Note that for increased readability, it is suggested to add enough |
| spaces between the request and the response. Keep in mind that URLs in |
| request line are case-sensitive while header names are not. |
| |
| Example : |
| # replace "/static/" with "/" at the beginning of any request path. |
| reqrep ^([^\ :]*)\ /static/(.*) \1\ /\2 |
| # replace "www.mydomain.com" with "www" in the host name. |
| reqirep ^Host:\ www.mydomain.com Host:\ www |
| |
| See also: "reqadd", "reqdel", "rsprep", "tune.bufsize", section 6 about |
| HTTP header manipulation, and section 7 about ACLs. |
| |
| |
| reqtarpit <search> [{if | unless} <cond>] |
| reqitarpit <search> [{if | unless} <cond>] (ignore case) |
| Tarpit an HTTP request containing a line matching a regular expression |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <search> is the regular expression applied to HTTP headers and to the |
| request line. This is an extended regular expression. Parenthesis |
| grouping is supported and no preliminary backslash is required. |
| Any space or known delimiter must be escaped using a backslash |
| ('\'). The pattern applies to a full line at a time. The |
| "reqtarpit" keyword strictly matches case while "reqitarpit" |
| ignores case. |
| |
| <cond> is an optional matching condition built from ACLs. It makes it |
| possible to ignore this rule when other conditions are not met. |
| |
| A request containing any line which matches extended regular expression |
| <search> will be tarpitted, which means that it will connect to nowhere, will |
| be kept open for a pre-defined time, then will return an HTTP error 500 so |
| that the attacker does not suspect it has been tarpitted. The status 500 will |
| be reported in the logs, but the completion flags will indicate "PT". The |
| delay is defined by "timeout tarpit", or "timeout connect" if the former is |
| not set. |
| |
| The goal of the tarpit is to slow down robots attacking servers with |
| identifiable requests. Many robots limit their outgoing number of connections |
| and stay connected waiting for a reply which can take several minutes to |
| come. Depending on the environment and attack, it may be particularly |
| efficient at reducing the load on the network and firewalls. |
| |
| Examples : |
| # ignore user-agents reporting any flavour of "Mozilla" or "MSIE", but |
| # block all others. |
| reqipass ^User-Agent:\.*(Mozilla|MSIE) |
| reqitarpit ^User-Agent: |
| |
| # block bad guys |
| acl badguys src 10.1.0.3 172.16.13.20/28 |
| reqitarpit . if badguys |
| |
| See also: "reqallow", "reqdeny", "reqpass", section 6 about HTTP header |
| manipulation, and section 7 about ACLs. |
| |
| |
| retries <value> |
| Set the number of retries to perform on a server after a connection failure |
| May be used in sections: defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <value> is the number of times a connection attempt should be retried on |
| a server when a connection either is refused or times out. The |
| default value is 3. |
| |
| It is important to understand that this value applies to the number of |
| connection attempts, not full requests. When a connection has effectively |
| been established to a server, there will be no more retry. |
| |
| In order to avoid immediate reconnections to a server which is restarting, |
| a turn-around timer of 1 second is applied before a retry occurs. |
| |
| When "option redispatch" is set, the last retry may be performed on another |
| server even if a cookie references a different server. |
| |
| See also : "option redispatch" |
| |
| |
| rspadd <string> [{if | unless} <cond>] |
| Add a header at the end of the HTTP response |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <string> is the complete line to be added. Any space or known delimiter |
| must be escaped using a backslash ('\'). Please refer to section |
| 6 about HTTP header manipulation for more information. |
| |
| <cond> is an optional matching condition built from ACLs. It makes it |
| possible to ignore this rule when other conditions are not met. |
| |
| A new line consisting in <string> followed by a line feed will be added after |
| the last header of an HTTP response. |
| |
| Header transformations only apply to traffic which passes through HAProxy, |
| and not to traffic generated by HAProxy, such as health-checks or error |
| responses. |
| |
| See also: "reqadd", section 6 about HTTP header manipulation, and section 7 |
| about ACLs. |
| |
| |
| rspdel <search> [{if | unless} <cond>] |
| rspidel <search> [{if | unless} <cond>] (ignore case) |
| Delete all headers matching a regular expression in an HTTP response |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <search> is the regular expression applied to HTTP headers and to the |
| response line. This is an extended regular expression, so |
| parenthesis grouping is supported and no preliminary backslash |
| is required. Any space or known delimiter must be escaped using |
| a backslash ('\'). The pattern applies to a full line at a time. |
| The "rspdel" keyword strictly matches case while "rspidel" |
| ignores case. |
| |
| <cond> is an optional matching condition built from ACLs. It makes it |
| possible to ignore this rule when other conditions are not met. |
| |
| Any header line matching extended regular expression <search> in the response |
| will be completely deleted. Most common use of this is to remove unwanted |
| and/or sensitive headers or cookies from a response before passing it to the |
| client. |
| |
| Header transformations only apply to traffic which passes through HAProxy, |
| and not to traffic generated by HAProxy, such as health-checks or error |
| responses. Keep in mind that header names are not case-sensitive. |
| |
| Example : |
| # remove the Server header from responses |
| rspidel ^Server:.* |
| |
| See also: "rspadd", "rsprep", "reqdel", section 6 about HTTP header |
| manipulation, and section 7 about ACLs. |
| |
| |
| rspdeny <search> [{if | unless} <cond>] |
| rspideny <search> [{if | unless} <cond>] (ignore case) |
| Block an HTTP response if a line matches a regular expression |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <search> is the regular expression applied to HTTP headers and to the |
| response line. This is an extended regular expression, so |
| parenthesis grouping is supported and no preliminary backslash |
| is required. Any space or known delimiter must be escaped using |
| a backslash ('\'). The pattern applies to a full line at a time. |
| The "rspdeny" keyword strictly matches case while "rspideny" |
| ignores case. |
| |
| <cond> is an optional matching condition built from ACLs. It makes it |
| possible to ignore this rule when other conditions are not met. |
| |
| A response containing any line which matches extended regular expression |
| <search> will mark the request as denied. The test applies both to the |
| response line and to response headers. Keep in mind that header names are not |
| case-sensitive. |
| |
| Main use of this keyword is to prevent sensitive information leak and to |
| block the response before it reaches the client. If a response is denied, it |
| will be replaced with an HTTP 502 error so that the client never retrieves |
| any sensitive data. |
| |
| It is easier, faster and more powerful to use ACLs to write access policies. |
| Rspdeny should be avoided in new designs. |
| |
| Example : |
| # Ensure that no content type matching ms-word will leak |
| rspideny ^Content-type:\.*/ms-word |
| |
| See also: "reqdeny", "acl", "block", section 6 about HTTP header manipulation |
| and section 7 about ACLs. |
| |
| |
| rsprep <search> <string> [{if | unless} <cond>] |
| rspirep <search> <string> [{if | unless} <cond>] (ignore case) |
| Replace a regular expression with a string in an HTTP response line |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <search> is the regular expression applied to HTTP headers and to the |
| response line. This is an extended regular expression, so |
| parenthesis grouping is supported and no preliminary backslash |
| is required. Any space or known delimiter must be escaped using |
| a backslash ('\'). The pattern applies to a full line at a time. |
| The "rsprep" keyword strictly matches case while "rspirep" |
| ignores case. |
| |
| <string> is the complete line to be added. Any space or known delimiter |
| must be escaped using a backslash ('\'). References to matched |
| pattern groups are possible using the common \N form, with N |
| being a single digit between 0 and 9. Please refer to section |
| 6 about HTTP header manipulation for more information. |
| |
| <cond> is an optional matching condition built from ACLs. It makes it |
| possible to ignore this rule when other conditions are not met. |
| |
| Any line matching extended regular expression <search> in the response (both |
| the response line and header lines) will be completely replaced with |
| <string>. Most common use of this is to rewrite Location headers. |
| |
| Header transformations only apply to traffic which passes through HAProxy, |
| and not to traffic generated by HAProxy, such as health-checks or error |
| responses. Note that for increased readability, it is suggested to add enough |
| spaces between the request and the response. Keep in mind that header names |
| are not case-sensitive. |
| |
| Example : |
| # replace "Location: 127.0.0.1:8080" with "Location: www.mydomain.com" |
| rspirep ^Location:\ 127.0.0.1:8080 Location:\ www.mydomain.com |
| |
| See also: "rspadd", "rspdel", "reqrep", section 6 about HTTP header |
| manipulation, and section 7 about ACLs. |
| |
| |
| server <name> <address>[:[port]] [param*] |
| Declare a server in a backend |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <name> is the internal name assigned to this server. This name will |
| appear in logs and alerts. If "http-send-name-header" is |
| set, it will be added to the request header sent to the server. |
| |
| <address> is the IPv4 or IPv6 address of the server. Alternatively, a |
| resolvable hostname is supported, but this name will be resolved |
| during start-up. Address "0.0.0.0" or "*" has a special meaning. |
| It indicates that the connection will be forwarded to the same IP |
| address as the one from the client connection. This is useful in |
| transparent proxy architectures where the client's connection is |
| intercepted and haproxy must forward to the original destination |
| address. This is more or less what the "transparent" keyword does |
| except that with a server it's possible to limit concurrency and |
| to report statistics. Optionally, an address family prefix may be |
| used before the address to force the family regardless of the |
| address format, which can be useful to specify a path to a unix |
| socket with no slash ('/'). Currently supported prefixes are : |
| - 'ipv4@' -> address is always IPv4 |
| - 'ipv6@' -> address is always IPv6 |
| - 'unix@' -> address is a path to a local unix socket |
| - 'abns@' -> address is in abstract namespace (Linux only) |
| Any part of the address string may reference any number of |
| environment variables by preceding their name with a dollar |
| sign ('$') and optionally enclosing them with braces ('{}'), |
| similarly to what is done in Bourne shell. |
| |
| <port> is an optional port specification. If set, all connections will |
| be sent to this port. If unset, the same port the client |
| connected to will be used. The port may also be prefixed by a "+" |
| or a "-". In this case, the server's port will be determined by |
| adding this value to the client's port. |
| |
| <param*> is a list of parameters for this server. The "server" keywords |
| accepts an important number of options and has a complete section |
| dedicated to it. Please refer to section 5 for more details. |
| |
| Examples : |
| server first 10.1.1.1:1080 cookie first check inter 1000 |
| server second 10.1.1.2:1080 cookie second check inter 1000 |
| server transp ipv4@ |
| server backup ${SRV_BACKUP}:1080 backup |
| server www1_dc1 ${LAN_DC1}.101:80 |
| server www1_dc2 ${LAN_DC2}.101:80 |
| |
| See also: "default-server", "http-send-name-header" and section 5 about |
| server options |
| |
| |
| source <addr>[:<port>] [usesrc { <addr2>[:<port2>] | client | clientip } ] |
| source <addr>[:<port>] [usesrc { <addr2>[:<port2>] | hdr_ip(<hdr>[,<occ>]) } ] |
| source <addr>[:<port>] [interface <name>] |
| Set the source address for outgoing connections |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <addr> is the IPv4 address HAProxy will bind to before connecting to a |
| server. This address is also used as a source for health checks. |
| |
| The default value of 0.0.0.0 means that the system will select |
| the most appropriate address to reach its destination. Optionally |
| an address family prefix may be used before the address to force |
| the family regardless of the address format, which can be useful |
| to specify a path to a unix socket with no slash ('/'). Currently |
| supported prefixes are : |
| - 'ipv4@' -> address is always IPv4 |
| - 'ipv6@' -> address is always IPv6 |
| - 'unix@' -> address is a path to a local unix socket |
| - 'abns@' -> address is in abstract namespace (Linux only) |
| Any part of the address string may reference any number of |
| environment variables by preceding their name with a dollar |
| sign ('$') and optionally enclosing them with braces ('{}'), |
| similarly to what is done in Bourne shell. |
| |
| <port> is an optional port. It is normally not needed but may be useful |
| in some very specific contexts. The default value of zero means |
| the system will select a free port. Note that port ranges are not |
| supported in the backend. If you want to force port ranges, you |
| have to specify them on each "server" line. |
| |
| <addr2> is the IP address to present to the server when connections are |
| forwarded in full transparent proxy mode. This is currently only |
| supported on some patched Linux kernels. When this address is |
| specified, clients connecting to the server will be presented |
| with this address, while health checks will still use the address |
| <addr>. |
| |
| <port2> is the optional port to present to the server when connections |
| are forwarded in full transparent proxy mode (see <addr2> above). |
| The default value of zero means the system will select a free |
| port. |
| |
| <hdr> is the name of a HTTP header in which to fetch the IP to bind to. |
| This is the name of a comma-separated header list which can |
| contain multiple IP addresses. By default, the last occurrence is |
| used. This is designed to work with the X-Forwarded-For header |
| and to automatically bind to the client's IP address as seen |
| by previous proxy, typically Stunnel. In order to use another |
| occurrence from the last one, please see the <occ> parameter |
| below. When the header (or occurrence) is not found, no binding |
| is performed so that the proxy's default IP address is used. Also |
| keep in mind that the header name is case insensitive, as for any |
| HTTP header. |
| |
| <occ> is the occurrence number of a value to be used in a multi-value |
| header. This is to be used in conjunction with "hdr_ip(<hdr>)", |
| in order to specify which occurrence to use for the source IP |
| address. Positive values indicate a position from the first |
| occurrence, 1 being the first one. Negative values indicate |
| positions relative to the last one, -1 being the last one. This |
| is helpful for situations where an X-Forwarded-For header is set |
| at the entry point of an infrastructure and must be used several |
| proxy layers away. When this value is not specified, -1 is |
| assumed. Passing a zero here disables the feature. |
| |
| <name> is an optional interface name to which to bind to for outgoing |
| traffic. On systems supporting this features (currently, only |
| Linux), this allows one to bind all traffic to the server to |
| this interface even if it is not the one the system would select |
| based on routing tables. This should be used with extreme care. |
| Note that using this option requires root privileges. |
| |
| The "source" keyword is useful in complex environments where a specific |
| address only is allowed to connect to the servers. It may be needed when a |
| private address must be used through a public gateway for instance, and it is |
| known that the system cannot determine the adequate source address by itself. |
| |
| An extension which is available on certain patched Linux kernels may be used |
| through the "usesrc" optional keyword. It makes it possible to connect to the |
| servers with an IP address which does not belong to the system itself. This |
| is called "full transparent proxy mode". For this to work, the destination |
| servers have to route their traffic back to this address through the machine |
| running HAProxy, and IP forwarding must generally be enabled on this machine. |
| |
| In this "full transparent proxy" mode, it is possible to force a specific IP |
| address to be presented to the servers. This is not much used in fact. A more |
| common use is to tell HAProxy to present the client's IP address. For this, |
| there are two methods : |
| |
| - present the client's IP and port addresses. This is the most transparent |
| mode, but it can cause problems when IP connection tracking is enabled on |
| the machine, because a same connection may be seen twice with different |
| states. However, this solution presents the huge advantage of not |
| limiting the system to the 64k outgoing address+port couples, because all |
| of the client ranges may be used. |
| |
| - present only the client's IP address and select a spare port. This |
| solution is still quite elegant but slightly less transparent (downstream |
| firewalls logs will not match upstream's). It also presents the downside |
| of limiting the number of concurrent connections to the usual 64k ports. |
| However, since the upstream and downstream ports are different, local IP |
| connection tracking on the machine will not be upset by the reuse of the |
| same session. |
| |
| Note that depending on the transparent proxy technology used, it may be |
| required to force the source address. In fact, cttproxy version 2 requires an |
| IP address in <addr> above, and does not support setting of "0.0.0.0" as the |
| IP address because it creates NAT entries which much match the exact outgoing |
| address. Tproxy version 4 and some other kernel patches which work in pure |
| forwarding mode generally will not have this limitation. |
| |
| This option sets the default source for all servers in the backend. It may |
| also be specified in a "defaults" section. Finer source address specification |
| is possible at the server level using the "source" server option. Refer to |
| section 5 for more information. |
| |
| Examples : |
| backend private |
| # Connect to the servers using our 192.168.1.200 source address |
| source 192.168.1.200 |
| |
| backend transparent_ssl1 |
| # Connect to the SSL farm from the client's source address |
| source 192.168.1.200 usesrc clientip |
| |
| backend transparent_ssl2 |
| # Connect to the SSL farm from the client's source address and port |
| # not recommended if IP conntrack is present on the local machine. |
| source 192.168.1.200 usesrc client |
| |
| backend transparent_ssl3 |
| # Connect to the SSL farm from the client's source address. It |
| # is more conntrack-friendly. |
| source 192.168.1.200 usesrc clientip |
| |
| backend transparent_smtp |
| # Connect to the SMTP farm from the client's source address/port |
| # with Tproxy version 4. |
| source 0.0.0.0 usesrc clientip |
| |
| backend transparent_http |
| # Connect to the servers using the client's IP as seen by previous |
| # proxy. |
| source 0.0.0.0 usesrc hdr_ip(x-forwarded-for,-1) |
| |
| See also : the "source" server option in section 5, the Tproxy patches for |
| the Linux kernel on www.balabit.com, the "bind" keyword. |
| |
| |
| srvtimeout <timeout> (deprecated) |
| Set the maximum inactivity time on the server side. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <timeout> is the timeout value specified in milliseconds by default, but |
| can be in any other unit if the number is suffixed by the unit, |
| as explained at the top of this document. |
| |
| The inactivity timeout applies when the server is expected to acknowledge or |
| send data. In HTTP mode, this timeout is particularly important to consider |
| during the first phase of the server's response, when it has to send the |
| headers, as it directly represents the server's processing time for the |
| request. To find out what value to put there, it's often good to start with |
| what would be considered as unacceptable response times, then check the logs |
| to observe the response time distribution, and adjust the value accordingly. |
| |
| The value is specified in milliseconds by default, but can be in any other |
| unit if the number is suffixed by the unit, as specified at the top of this |
| document. In TCP mode (and to a lesser extent, in HTTP mode), it is highly |
| recommended that the client timeout remains equal to the server timeout in |
| order to avoid complex situations to debug. Whatever the expected server |
| response times, it is a good practice to cover at least one or several TCP |
| packet losses by specifying timeouts that are slightly above multiples of 3 |
| seconds (eg: 4 or 5 seconds minimum). |
| |
| This parameter is specific to backends, but can be specified once for all in |
| "defaults" sections. This is in fact one of the easiest solutions not to |
| forget about it. An unspecified timeout results in an infinite timeout, which |
| is not recommended. Such a usage is accepted and works but reports a warning |
| during startup because it may results in accumulation of expired sessions in |
| the system if the system's timeouts are not configured either. |
| |
| This parameter is provided for compatibility but is currently deprecated. |
| Please use "timeout server" instead. |
| |
| See also : "timeout server", "timeout tunnel", "timeout client" and |
| "clitimeout". |
| |
| |
| stats admin { if | unless } <cond> |
| Enable statistics admin level if/unless a condition is matched |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | yes |
| |
| This statement enables the statistics admin level if/unless a condition is |
| matched. |
| |
| The admin level allows to enable/disable servers from the web interface. By |
| default, statistics page is read-only for security reasons. |
| |
| Note : Consider not using this feature in multi-process mode (nbproc > 1) |
| unless you know what you do : memory is not shared between the |
| processes, which can result in random behaviours. |
| |
| Currently, the POST request is limited to the buffer size minus the reserved |
| buffer space, which means that if the list of servers is too long, the |
| request won't be processed. It is recommended to alter few servers at a |
| time. |
| |
| Example : |
| # statistics admin level only for localhost |
| backend stats_localhost |
| stats enable |
| stats admin if LOCALHOST |
| |
| Example : |
| # statistics admin level always enabled because of the authentication |
| backend stats_auth |
| stats enable |
| stats auth admin:AdMiN123 |
| stats admin if TRUE |
| |
| Example : |
| # statistics admin level depends on the authenticated user |
| userlist stats-auth |
| group admin users admin |
| user admin insecure-password AdMiN123 |
| group readonly users haproxy |
| user haproxy insecure-password haproxy |
| |
| backend stats_auth |
| stats enable |
| acl AUTH http_auth(stats-auth) |
| acl AUTH_ADMIN http_auth_group(stats-auth) admin |
| stats http-request auth unless AUTH |
| stats admin if AUTH_ADMIN |
| |
| See also : "stats enable", "stats auth", "stats http-request", "nbproc", |
| "bind-process", section 3.4 about userlists and section 7 about |
| ACL usage. |
| |
| |
| stats auth <user>:<passwd> |
| Enable statistics with authentication and grant access to an account |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <user> is a user name to grant access to |
| |
| <passwd> is the cleartext password associated to this user |
| |
| This statement enables statistics with default settings, and restricts access |
| to declared users only. It may be repeated as many times as necessary to |
| allow as many users as desired. When a user tries to access the statistics |
| without a valid account, a "401 Forbidden" response will be returned so that |
| the browser asks the user to provide a valid user and password. The real |
| which will be returned to the browser is configurable using "stats realm". |
| |
| Since the authentication method is HTTP Basic Authentication, the passwords |
| circulate in cleartext on the network. Thus, it was decided that the |
| configuration file would also use cleartext passwords to remind the users |
| that those ones should not be sensitive and not shared with any other account. |
| |
| It is also possible to reduce the scope of the proxies which appear in the |
| report using "stats scope". |
| |
| Though this statement alone is enough to enable statistics reporting, it is |
| recommended to set all other settings in order to avoid relying on default |
| unobvious parameters. |
| |
| Example : |
| # public access (limited to this backend only) |
| backend public_www |
| server srv1 192.168.0.1:80 |
| stats enable |
| stats hide-version |
| stats scope . |
| stats uri /admin?stats |
| stats realm Haproxy\ Statistics |
| stats auth admin1:AdMiN123 |
| stats auth admin2:AdMiN321 |
| |
| # internal monitoring access (unlimited) |
| backend private_monitoring |
| stats enable |
| stats uri /admin?stats |
| stats refresh 5s |
| |
| See also : "stats enable", "stats realm", "stats scope", "stats uri" |
| |
| |
| stats enable |
| Enable statistics reporting with default settings |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| This statement enables statistics reporting with default settings defined |
| at build time. Unless stated otherwise, these settings are used : |
| - stats uri : /haproxy?stats |
| - stats realm : "HAProxy Statistics" |
| - stats auth : no authentication |
| - stats scope : no restriction |
| |
| Though this statement alone is enough to enable statistics reporting, it is |
| recommended to set all other settings in order to avoid relying on default |
| unobvious parameters. |
| |
| Example : |
| # public access (limited to this backend only) |
| backend public_www |
| server srv1 192.168.0.1:80 |
| stats enable |
| stats hide-version |
| stats scope . |
| stats uri /admin?stats |
| stats realm Haproxy\ Statistics |
| stats auth admin1:AdMiN123 |
| stats auth admin2:AdMiN321 |
| |
| # internal monitoring access (unlimited) |
| backend private_monitoring |
| stats enable |
| stats uri /admin?stats |
| stats refresh 5s |
| |
| See also : "stats auth", "stats realm", "stats uri" |
| |
| |
| stats hide-version |
| Enable statistics and hide HAProxy version reporting |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| By default, the stats page reports some useful status information along with |
| the statistics. Among them is HAProxy's version. However, it is generally |
| considered dangerous to report precise version to anyone, as it can help them |
| target known weaknesses with specific attacks. The "stats hide-version" |
| statement removes the version from the statistics report. This is recommended |
| for public sites or any site with a weak login/password. |
| |
| Though this statement alone is enough to enable statistics reporting, it is |
| recommended to set all other settings in order to avoid relying on default |
| unobvious parameters. |
| |
| Example : |
| # public access (limited to this backend only) |
| backend public_www |
| server srv1 192.168.0.1:80 |
| stats enable |
| stats hide-version |
| stats scope . |
| stats uri /admin?stats |
| stats realm Haproxy\ Statistics |
| stats auth admin1:AdMiN123 |
| stats auth admin2:AdMiN321 |
| |
| # internal monitoring access (unlimited) |
| backend private_monitoring |
| stats enable |
| stats uri /admin?stats |
| stats refresh 5s |
| |
| See also : "stats auth", "stats enable", "stats realm", "stats uri" |
| |
| |
| stats http-request { allow | deny | auth [realm <realm>] } |
| [ { if | unless } <condition> ] |
| Access control for statistics |
| |
| May be used in sections: defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | no | yes | yes |
| |
| As "http-request", these set of options allow to fine control access to |
| statistics. Each option may be followed by if/unless and acl. |
| First option with matched condition (or option without condition) is final. |
| For "deny" a 403 error will be returned, for "allow" normal processing is |
| performed, for "auth" a 401/407 error code is returned so the client |
| should be asked to enter a username and password. |
| |
| There is no fixed limit to the number of http-request statements per |
| instance. |
| |
| See also : "http-request", section 3.4 about userlists and section 7 |
| about ACL usage. |
| |
| |
| stats realm <realm> |
| Enable statistics and set authentication realm |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <realm> is the name of the HTTP Basic Authentication realm reported to |
| the browser. The browser uses it to display it in the pop-up |
| inviting the user to enter a valid username and password. |
| |
| The realm is read as a single word, so any spaces in it should be escaped |
| using a backslash ('\'). |
| |
| This statement is useful only in conjunction with "stats auth" since it is |
| only related to authentication. |
| |
| Though this statement alone is enough to enable statistics reporting, it is |
| recommended to set all other settings in order to avoid relying on default |
| unobvious parameters. |
| |
| Example : |
| # public access (limited to this backend only) |
| backend public_www |
| server srv1 192.168.0.1:80 |
| stats enable |
| stats hide-version |
| stats scope . |
| stats uri /admin?stats |
| stats realm Haproxy\ Statistics |
| stats auth admin1:AdMiN123 |
| stats auth admin2:AdMiN321 |
| |
| # internal monitoring access (unlimited) |
| backend private_monitoring |
| stats enable |
| stats uri /admin?stats |
| stats refresh 5s |
| |
| See also : "stats auth", "stats enable", "stats uri" |
| |
| |
| stats refresh <delay> |
| Enable statistics with automatic refresh |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <delay> is the suggested refresh delay, specified in seconds, which will |
| be returned to the browser consulting the report page. While the |
| browser is free to apply any delay, it will generally respect it |
| and refresh the page this every seconds. The refresh interval may |
| be specified in any other non-default time unit, by suffixing the |
| unit after the value, as explained at the top of this document. |
| |
| This statement is useful on monitoring displays with a permanent page |
| reporting the load balancer's activity. When set, the HTML report page will |
| include a link "refresh"/"stop refresh" so that the user can select whether |
| he wants automatic refresh of the page or not. |
| |
| Though this statement alone is enough to enable statistics reporting, it is |
| recommended to set all other settings in order to avoid relying on default |
| unobvious parameters. |
| |
| Example : |
| # public access (limited to this backend only) |
| backend public_www |
| server srv1 192.168.0.1:80 |
| stats enable |
| stats hide-version |
| stats scope . |
| stats uri /admin?stats |
| stats realm Haproxy\ Statistics |
| stats auth admin1:AdMiN123 |
| stats auth admin2:AdMiN321 |
| |
| # internal monitoring access (unlimited) |
| backend private_monitoring |
| stats enable |
| stats uri /admin?stats |
| stats refresh 5s |
| |
| See also : "stats auth", "stats enable", "stats realm", "stats uri" |
| |
| |
| stats scope { <name> | "." } |
| Enable statistics and limit access scope |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <name> is the name of a listen, frontend or backend section to be |
| reported. The special name "." (a single dot) designates the |
| section in which the statement appears. |
| |
| When this statement is specified, only the sections enumerated with this |
| statement will appear in the report. All other ones will be hidden. This |
| statement may appear as many times as needed if multiple sections need to be |
| reported. Please note that the name checking is performed as simple string |
| comparisons, and that it is never checked that a give section name really |
| exists. |
| |
| Though this statement alone is enough to enable statistics reporting, it is |
| recommended to set all other settings in order to avoid relying on default |
| unobvious parameters. |
| |
| Example : |
| # public access (limited to this backend only) |
| backend public_www |
| server srv1 192.168.0.1:80 |
| stats enable |
| stats hide-version |
| stats scope . |
| stats uri /admin?stats |
| stats realm Haproxy\ Statistics |
| stats auth admin1:AdMiN123 |
| stats auth admin2:AdMiN321 |
| |
| # internal monitoring access (unlimited) |
| backend private_monitoring |
| stats enable |
| stats uri /admin?stats |
| stats refresh 5s |
| |
| See also : "stats auth", "stats enable", "stats realm", "stats uri" |
| |
| |
| stats show-desc [ <desc> ] |
| Enable reporting of a description on the statistics page. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| |
| <desc> is an optional description to be reported. If unspecified, the |
| description from global section is automatically used instead. |
| |
| This statement is useful for users that offer shared services to their |
| customers, where node or description should be different for each customer. |
| |
| Though this statement alone is enough to enable statistics reporting, it is |
| recommended to set all other settings in order to avoid relying on default |
| unobvious parameters. By default description is not shown. |
| |
| Example : |
| # internal monitoring access (unlimited) |
| backend private_monitoring |
| stats enable |
| stats show-desc Master node for Europe, Asia, Africa |
| stats uri /admin?stats |
| stats refresh 5s |
| |
| See also: "show-node", "stats enable", "stats uri" and "description" in |
| global section. |
| |
| |
| stats show-legends |
| Enable reporting additional information on the statistics page |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| Enable reporting additional information on the statistics page : |
| - cap: capabilities (proxy) |
| - mode: one of tcp, http or health (proxy) |
| - id: SNMP ID (proxy, socket, server) |
| - IP (socket, server) |
| - cookie (backend, server) |
| |
| Though this statement alone is enough to enable statistics reporting, it is |
| recommended to set all other settings in order to avoid relying on default |
| unobvious parameters. Default behaviour is not to show this information. |
| |
| See also: "stats enable", "stats uri". |
| |
| |
| stats show-node [ <name> ] |
| Enable reporting of a host name on the statistics page. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments: |
| <name> is an optional name to be reported. If unspecified, the |
| node name from global section is automatically used instead. |
| |
| This statement is useful for users that offer shared services to their |
| customers, where node or description might be different on a stats page |
| provided for each customer. Default behaviour is not to show host name. |
| |
| Though this statement alone is enough to enable statistics reporting, it is |
| recommended to set all other settings in order to avoid relying on default |
| unobvious parameters. |
| |
| Example: |
| # internal monitoring access (unlimited) |
| backend private_monitoring |
| stats enable |
| stats show-node Europe-1 |
| stats uri /admin?stats |
| stats refresh 5s |
| |
| See also: "show-desc", "stats enable", "stats uri", and "node" in global |
| section. |
| |
| |
| stats uri <prefix> |
| Enable statistics and define the URI prefix to access them |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <prefix> is the prefix of any URI which will be redirected to stats. This |
| prefix may contain a question mark ('?') to indicate part of a |
| query string. |
| |
| The statistics URI is intercepted on the relayed traffic, so it appears as a |
| page within the normal application. It is strongly advised to ensure that the |
| selected URI will never appear in the application, otherwise it will never be |
| possible to reach it in the application. |
| |
| The default URI compiled in haproxy is "/haproxy?stats", but this may be |
| changed at build time, so it's better to always explicitly specify it here. |
| It is generally a good idea to include a question mark in the URI so that |
| intermediate proxies refrain from caching the results. Also, since any string |
| beginning with the prefix will be accepted as a stats request, the question |
| mark helps ensuring that no valid URI will begin with the same words. |
| |
| It is sometimes very convenient to use "/" as the URI prefix, and put that |
| statement in a "listen" instance of its own. That makes it easy to dedicate |
| an address or a port to statistics only. |
| |
| Though this statement alone is enough to enable statistics reporting, it is |
| recommended to set all other settings in order to avoid relying on default |
| unobvious parameters. |
| |
| Example : |
| # public access (limited to this backend only) |
| backend public_www |
| server srv1 192.168.0.1:80 |
| stats enable |
| stats hide-version |
| stats scope . |
| stats uri /admin?stats |
| stats realm Haproxy\ Statistics |
| stats auth admin1:AdMiN123 |
| stats auth admin2:AdMiN321 |
| |
| # internal monitoring access (unlimited) |
| backend private_monitoring |
| stats enable |
| stats uri /admin?stats |
| stats refresh 5s |
| |
| See also : "stats auth", "stats enable", "stats realm" |
| |
| |
| stick match <pattern> [table <table>] [{if | unless} <cond>] |
| Define a request pattern matching condition to stick a user to a server |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | no | yes | yes |
| |
| Arguments : |
| <pattern> is a sample expression rule as described in section 7.3. It |
| describes what elements of the incoming request or connection |
| will be analysed in the hope to find a matching entry in a |
| stickiness table. This rule is mandatory. |
| |
| <table> is an optional stickiness table name. If unspecified, the same |
| backend's table is used. A stickiness table is declared using |
| the "stick-table" statement. |
| |
| <cond> is an optional matching condition. It makes it possible to match |
| on a certain criterion only when other conditions are met (or |
| not met). For instance, it could be used to match on a source IP |
| address except when a request passes through a known proxy, in |
| which case we'd match on a header containing that IP address. |
| |
| Some protocols or applications require complex stickiness rules and cannot |
| always simply rely on cookies nor hashing. The "stick match" statement |
| describes a rule to extract the stickiness criterion from an incoming request |
| or connection. See section 7 for a complete list of possible patterns and |
| transformation rules. |
| |
| The table has to be declared using the "stick-table" statement. It must be of |
| a type compatible with the pattern. By default it is the one which is present |
| in the same backend. It is possible to share a table with other backends by |
| referencing it using the "table" keyword. If another table is referenced, |
| the server's ID inside the backends are used. By default, all server IDs |
| start at 1 in each backend, so the server ordering is enough. But in case of |
| doubt, it is highly recommended to force server IDs using their "id" setting. |
| |
| It is possible to restrict the conditions where a "stick match" statement |
| will apply, using "if" or "unless" followed by a condition. See section 7 for |
| ACL based conditions. |
| |
| There is no limit on the number of "stick match" statements. The first that |
| applies and matches will cause the request to be directed to the same server |
| as was used for the request which created the entry. That way, multiple |
| matches can be used as fallbacks. |
| |
| The stick rules are checked after the persistence cookies, so they will not |
| affect stickiness if a cookie has already been used to select a server. That |
| way, it becomes very easy to insert cookies and match on IP addresses in |
| order to maintain stickiness between HTTP and HTTPS. |
| |
| Note : Consider not using this feature in multi-process mode (nbproc > 1) |
| unless you know what you do : memory is not shared between the |
| processes, which can result in random behaviours. |
| |
| Example : |
| # forward SMTP users to the same server they just used for POP in the |
| # last 30 minutes |
| backend pop |
| mode tcp |
| balance roundrobin |
| stick store-request src |
| stick-table type ip size 200k expire 30m |
| server s1 192.168.1.1:110 |
| server s2 192.168.1.1:110 |
| |
| backend smtp |
| mode tcp |
| balance roundrobin |
| stick match src table pop |
| server s1 192.168.1.1:25 |
| server s2 192.168.1.1:25 |
| |
| See also : "stick-table", "stick on", "nbproc", "bind-process" and section 7 |
| about ACLs and samples fetching. |
| |
| |
| stick on <pattern> [table <table>] [{if | unless} <condition>] |
| Define a request pattern to associate a user to a server |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | no | yes | yes |
| |
| Note : This form is exactly equivalent to "stick match" followed by |
| "stick store-request", all with the same arguments. Please refer |
| to both keywords for details. It is only provided as a convenience |
| for writing more maintainable configurations. |
| |
| Note : Consider not using this feature in multi-process mode (nbproc > 1) |
| unless you know what you do : memory is not shared between the |
| processes, which can result in random behaviours. |
| |
| Examples : |
| # The following form ... |
| stick on src table pop if !localhost |
| |
| # ...is strictly equivalent to this one : |
| stick match src table pop if !localhost |
| stick store-request src table pop if !localhost |
| |
| |
| # Use cookie persistence for HTTP, and stick on source address for HTTPS as |
| # well as HTTP without cookie. Share the same table between both accesses. |
| backend http |
| mode http |
| balance roundrobin |
| stick on src table https |
| cookie SRV insert indirect nocache |
| server s1 192.168.1.1:80 cookie s1 |
| server s2 192.168.1.1:80 cookie s2 |
| |
| backend https |
| mode tcp |
| balance roundrobin |
| stick-table type ip size 200k expire 30m |
| stick on src |
| server s1 192.168.1.1:443 |
| server s2 192.168.1.1:443 |
| |
| See also : "stick match", "stick store-request", "nbproc" and "bind-process". |
| |
| |
| stick store-request <pattern> [table <table>] [{if | unless} <condition>] |
| Define a request pattern used to create an entry in a stickiness table |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | no | yes | yes |
| |
| Arguments : |
| <pattern> is a sample expression rule as described in section 7.3. It |
| describes what elements of the incoming request or connection |
| will be analysed, extracted and stored in the table once a |
| server is selected. |
| |
| <table> is an optional stickiness table name. If unspecified, the same |
| backend's table is used. A stickiness table is declared using |
| the "stick-table" statement. |
| |
| <cond> is an optional storage condition. It makes it possible to store |
| certain criteria only when some conditions are met (or not met). |
| For instance, it could be used to store the source IP address |
| except when the request passes through a known proxy, in which |
| case we'd store a converted form of a header containing that IP |
| address. |
| |
| Some protocols or applications require complex stickiness rules and cannot |
| always simply rely on cookies nor hashing. The "stick store-request" statement |
| describes a rule to decide what to extract from the request and when to do |
| it, in order to store it into a stickiness table for further requests to |
| match it using the "stick match" statement. Obviously the extracted part must |
| make sense and have a chance to be matched in a further request. Storing a |
| client's IP address for instance often makes sense. Storing an ID found in a |
| URL parameter also makes sense. Storing a source port will almost never make |
| any sense because it will be randomly matched. See section 7 for a complete |
| list of possible patterns and transformation rules. |
| |
| The table has to be declared using the "stick-table" statement. It must be of |
| a type compatible with the pattern. By default it is the one which is present |
| in the same backend. It is possible to share a table with other backends by |
| referencing it using the "table" keyword. If another table is referenced, |
| the server's ID inside the backends are used. By default, all server IDs |
| start at 1 in each backend, so the server ordering is enough. But in case of |
| doubt, it is highly recommended to force server IDs using their "id" setting. |
| |
| It is possible to restrict the conditions where a "stick store-request" |
| statement will apply, using "if" or "unless" followed by a condition. This |
| condition will be evaluated while parsing the request, so any criteria can be |
| used. See section 7 for ACL based conditions. |
| |
| There is no limit on the number of "stick store-request" statements, but |
| there is a limit of 8 simultaneous stores per request or response. This |
| makes it possible to store up to 8 criteria, all extracted from either the |
| request or the response, regardless of the number of rules. Only the 8 first |
| ones which match will be kept. Using this, it is possible to feed multiple |
| tables at once in the hope to increase the chance to recognize a user on |
| another protocol or access method. Using multiple store-request rules with |
| the same table is possible and may be used to find the best criterion to rely |
| on, by arranging the rules by decreasing preference order. Only the first |
| extracted criterion for a given table will be stored. All subsequent store- |
| request rules referencing the same table will be skipped and their ACLs will |
| not be evaluated. |
| |
| The "store-request" rules are evaluated once the server connection has been |
| established, so that the table will contain the real server that processed |
| the request. |
| |
| Note : Consider not using this feature in multi-process mode (nbproc > 1) |
| unless you know what you do : memory is not shared between the |
| processes, which can result in random behaviours. |
| |
| Example : |
| # forward SMTP users to the same server they just used for POP in the |
| # last 30 minutes |
| backend pop |
| mode tcp |
| balance roundrobin |
| stick store-request src |
| stick-table type ip size 200k expire 30m |
| server s1 192.168.1.1:110 |
| server s2 192.168.1.1:110 |
| |
| backend smtp |
| mode tcp |
| balance roundrobin |
| stick match src table pop |
| server s1 192.168.1.1:25 |
| server s2 192.168.1.1:25 |
| |
| See also : "stick-table", "stick on", "nbproc", "bind-process" and section 7 |
| about ACLs and sample fetching. |
| |
| |
| stick-table type {ip | integer | string [len <length>] | binary [len <length>]} |
| size <size> [expire <expire>] [nopurge] [peers <peersect>] |
| [store <data_type>]* |
| Configure the stickiness table for the current section |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | yes |
| |
| Arguments : |
| ip a table declared with "type ip" will only store IPv4 addresses. |
| This form is very compact (about 50 bytes per entry) and allows |
| very fast entry lookup and stores with almost no overhead. This |
| is mainly used to store client source IP addresses. |
| |
| ipv6 a table declared with "type ipv6" will only store IPv6 addresses. |
| This form is very compact (about 60 bytes per entry) and allows |
| very fast entry lookup and stores with almost no overhead. This |
| is mainly used to store client source IP addresses. |
| |
| integer a table declared with "type integer" will store 32bit integers |
| which can represent a client identifier found in a request for |
| instance. |
| |
| string a table declared with "type string" will store substrings of up |
| to <len> characters. If the string provided by the pattern |
| extractor is larger than <len>, it will be truncated before |
| being stored. During matching, at most <len> characters will be |
| compared between the string in the table and the extracted |
| pattern. When not specified, the string is automatically limited |
| to 32 characters. |
| |
| binary a table declared with "type binary" will store binary blocks |
| of <len> bytes. If the block provided by the pattern |
| extractor is larger than <len>, it will be truncated before |
| being stored. If the block provided by the sample expression |
| is shorter than <len>, it will be padded by 0. When not |
| specified, the block is automatically limited to 32 bytes. |
| |
| <length> is the maximum number of characters that will be stored in a |
| "string" type table (See type "string" above). Or the number |
| of bytes of the block in "binary" type table. Be careful when |
| changing this parameter as memory usage will proportionally |
| increase. |
| |
| <size> is the maximum number of entries that can fit in the table. This |
| value directly impacts memory usage. Count approximately |
| 50 bytes per entry, plus the size of a string if any. The size |
| supports suffixes "k", "m", "g" for 2^10, 2^20 and 2^30 factors. |
| |
| [nopurge] indicates that we refuse to purge older entries when the table |
| is full. When not specified and the table is full when haproxy |
| wants to store an entry in it, it will flush a few of the oldest |
| entries in order to release some space for the new ones. This is |
| most often the desired behaviour. In some specific cases, it |
| be desirable to refuse new entries instead of purging the older |
| ones. That may be the case when the amount of data to store is |
| far above the hardware limits and we prefer not to offer access |
| to new clients than to reject the ones already connected. When |
| using this parameter, be sure to properly set the "expire" |
| parameter (see below). |
| |
| <peersect> is the name of the peers section to use for replication. Entries |
| which associate keys to server IDs are kept synchronized with |
| the remote peers declared in this section. All entries are also |
| automatically learned from the local peer (old process) during a |
| soft restart. |
| |
| NOTE : peers can't be used in multi-process mode. |
| |
| <expire> defines the maximum duration of an entry in the table since it |
| was last created, refreshed or matched. The expiration delay is |
| defined using the standard time format, similarly as the various |
| timeouts. The maximum duration is slightly above 24 days. See |
| section 2.2 for more information. If this delay is not specified, |
| the session won't automatically expire, but older entries will |
| be removed once full. Be sure not to use the "nopurge" parameter |
| if not expiration delay is specified. |
| |
| <data_type> is used to store additional information in the stick-table. This |
| may be used by ACLs in order to control various criteria related |
| to the activity of the client matching the stick-table. For each |
| item specified here, the size of each entry will be inflated so |
| that the additional data can fit. Several data types may be |
| stored with an entry. Multiple data types may be specified after |
| the "store" keyword, as a comma-separated list. Alternatively, |
| it is possible to repeat the "store" keyword followed by one or |
| several data types. Except for the "server_id" type which is |
| automatically detected and enabled, all data types must be |
| explicitly declared to be stored. If an ACL references a data |
| type which is not stored, the ACL will simply not match. Some |
| data types require an argument which must be passed just after |
| the type between parenthesis. See below for the supported data |
| types and their arguments. |
| |
| The data types that can be stored with an entry are the following : |
| - server_id : this is an integer which holds the numeric ID of the server a |
| request was assigned to. It is used by the "stick match", "stick store", |
| and "stick on" rules. It is automatically enabled when referenced. |
| |
| - gpc0 : first General Purpose Counter. It is a positive 32-bit integer |
| integer which may be used for anything. Most of the time it will be used |
| to put a special tag on some entries, for instance to note that a |
| specific behaviour was detected and must be known for future matches. |
| |
| - gpc0_rate(<period>) : increment rate of the first General Purpose Counter |
| over a period. It is a positive 32-bit integer integer which may be used |
| for anything. Just like <gpc0>, it counts events, but instead of keeping |
| a cumulative count, it maintains the rate at which the counter is |
| incremented. Most of the time it will be used to measure the frequency of |
| occurrence of certain events (eg: requests to a specific URL). |
| |
| - conn_cnt : Connection Count. It is a positive 32-bit integer which counts |
| the absolute number of connections received from clients which matched |
| this entry. It does not mean the connections were accepted, just that |
| they were received. |
| |
| - conn_cur : Current Connections. It is a positive 32-bit integer which |
| stores the concurrent connection counts for the entry. It is incremented |
| once an incoming connection matches the entry, and decremented once the |
| connection leaves. That way it is possible to know at any time the exact |
| number of concurrent connections for an entry. |
| |
| - conn_rate(<period>) : frequency counter (takes 12 bytes). It takes an |
| integer parameter <period> which indicates in milliseconds the length |
| of the period over which the average is measured. It reports the average |
| incoming connection rate over that period, in connections per period. The |
| result is an integer which can be matched using ACLs. |
| |
| - sess_cnt : Session Count. It is a positive 32-bit integer which counts |
| the absolute number of sessions received from clients which matched this |
| entry. A session is a connection that was accepted by the layer 4 rules. |
| |
| - sess_rate(<period>) : frequency counter (takes 12 bytes). It takes an |
| integer parameter <period> which indicates in milliseconds the length |
| of the period over which the average is measured. It reports the average |
| incoming session rate over that period, in sessions per period. The |
| result is an integer which can be matched using ACLs. |
| |
| - http_req_cnt : HTTP request Count. It is a positive 32-bit integer which |
| counts the absolute number of HTTP requests received from clients which |
| matched this entry. It does not matter whether they are valid requests or |
| not. Note that this is different from sessions when keep-alive is used on |
| the client side. |
| |
| - http_req_rate(<period>) : frequency counter (takes 12 bytes). It takes an |
| integer parameter <period> which indicates in milliseconds the length |
| of the period over which the average is measured. It reports the average |
| HTTP request rate over that period, in requests per period. The result is |
| an integer which can be matched using ACLs. It does not matter whether |
| they are valid requests or not. Note that this is different from sessions |
| when keep-alive is used on the client side. |
| |
| - http_err_cnt : HTTP Error Count. It is a positive 32-bit integer which |
| counts the absolute number of HTTP requests errors induced by clients |
| which matched this entry. Errors are counted on invalid and truncated |
| requests, as well as on denied or tarpitted requests, and on failed |
| authentications. If the server responds with 4xx, then the request is |
| also counted as an error since it's an error triggered by the client |
| (eg: vulnerability scan). |
| |
| - http_err_rate(<period>) : frequency counter (takes 12 bytes). It takes an |
| integer parameter <period> which indicates in milliseconds the length |
| of the period over which the average is measured. It reports the average |
| HTTP request error rate over that period, in requests per period (see |
| http_err_cnt above for what is accounted as an error). The result is an |
| integer which can be matched using ACLs. |
| |
| - bytes_in_cnt : client to server byte count. It is a positive 64-bit |
| integer which counts the cumulated amount of bytes received from clients |
| which matched this entry. Headers are included in the count. This may be |
| used to limit abuse of upload features on photo or video servers. |
| |
| - bytes_in_rate(<period>) : frequency counter (takes 12 bytes). It takes an |
| integer parameter <period> which indicates in milliseconds the length |
| of the period over which the average is measured. It reports the average |
| incoming bytes rate over that period, in bytes per period. It may be used |
| to detect users which upload too much and too fast. Warning: with large |
| uploads, it is possible that the amount of uploaded data will be counted |
| once upon termination, thus causing spikes in the average transfer speed |
| instead of having a smooth one. This may partially be smoothed with |
| "option contstats" though this is not perfect yet. Use of byte_in_cnt is |
| recommended for better fairness. |
| |
| - bytes_out_cnt : server to client byte count. It is a positive 64-bit |
| integer which counts the cumulated amount of bytes sent to clients which |
| matched this entry. Headers are included in the count. This may be used |
| to limit abuse of bots sucking the whole site. |
| |
| - bytes_out_rate(<period>) : frequency counter (takes 12 bytes). It takes |
| an integer parameter <period> which indicates in milliseconds the length |
| of the period over which the average is measured. It reports the average |
| outgoing bytes rate over that period, in bytes per period. It may be used |
| to detect users which download too much and too fast. Warning: with large |
| transfers, it is possible that the amount of transferred data will be |
| counted once upon termination, thus causing spikes in the average |
| transfer speed instead of having a smooth one. This may partially be |
| smoothed with "option contstats" though this is not perfect yet. Use of |
| byte_out_cnt is recommended for better fairness. |
| |
| There is only one stick-table per proxy. At the moment of writing this doc, |
| it does not seem useful to have multiple tables per proxy. If this happens |
| to be required, simply create a dummy backend with a stick-table in it and |
| reference it. |
| |
| It is important to understand that stickiness based on learning information |
| has some limitations, including the fact that all learned associations are |
| lost upon restart. In general it can be good as a complement but not always |
| as an exclusive stickiness. |
| |
| Last, memory requirements may be important when storing many data types. |
| Indeed, storing all indicators above at once in each entry requires 116 bytes |
| per entry, or 116 MB for a 1-million entries table. This is definitely not |
| something that can be ignored. |
| |
| Example: |
| # Keep track of counters of up to 1 million IP addresses over 5 minutes |
| # and store a general purpose counter and the average connection rate |
| # computed over a sliding window of 30 seconds. |
| stick-table type ip size 1m expire 5m store gpc0,conn_rate(30s) |
| |
| See also : "stick match", "stick on", "stick store-request", section 2.2 |
| about time format and section 7 about ACLs. |
| |
| |
| stick store-response <pattern> [table <table>] [{if | unless} <condition>] |
| Define a request pattern used to create an entry in a stickiness table |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | no | yes | yes |
| |
| Arguments : |
| <pattern> is a sample expression rule as described in section 7.3. It |
| describes what elements of the response or connection will |
| be analysed, extracted and stored in the table once a |
| server is selected. |
| |
| <table> is an optional stickiness table name. If unspecified, the same |
| backend's table is used. A stickiness table is declared using |
| the "stick-table" statement. |
| |
| <cond> is an optional storage condition. It makes it possible to store |
| certain criteria only when some conditions are met (or not met). |
| For instance, it could be used to store the SSL session ID only |
| when the response is a SSL server hello. |
| |
| Some protocols or applications require complex stickiness rules and cannot |
| always simply rely on cookies nor hashing. The "stick store-response" |
| statement describes a rule to decide what to extract from the response and |
| when to do it, in order to store it into a stickiness table for further |
| requests to match it using the "stick match" statement. Obviously the |
| extracted part must make sense and have a chance to be matched in a further |
| request. Storing an ID found in a header of a response makes sense. |
| See section 7 for a complete list of possible patterns and transformation |
| rules. |
| |
| The table has to be declared using the "stick-table" statement. It must be of |
| a type compatible with the pattern. By default it is the one which is present |
| in the same backend. It is possible to share a table with other backends by |
| referencing it using the "table" keyword. If another table is referenced, |
| the server's ID inside the backends are used. By default, all server IDs |
| start at 1 in each backend, so the server ordering is enough. But in case of |
| doubt, it is highly recommended to force server IDs using their "id" setting. |
| |
| It is possible to restrict the conditions where a "stick store-response" |
| statement will apply, using "if" or "unless" followed by a condition. This |
| condition will be evaluated while parsing the response, so any criteria can |
| be used. See section 7 for ACL based conditions. |
| |
| There is no limit on the number of "stick store-response" statements, but |
| there is a limit of 8 simultaneous stores per request or response. This |
| makes it possible to store up to 8 criteria, all extracted from either the |
| request or the response, regardless of the number of rules. Only the 8 first |
| ones which match will be kept. Using this, it is possible to feed multiple |
| tables at once in the hope to increase the chance to recognize a user on |
| another protocol or access method. Using multiple store-response rules with |
| the same table is possible and may be used to find the best criterion to rely |
| on, by arranging the rules by decreasing preference order. Only the first |
| extracted criterion for a given table will be stored. All subsequent store- |
| response rules referencing the same table will be skipped and their ACLs will |
| not be evaluated. However, even if a store-request rule references a table, a |
| store-response rule may also use the same table. This means that each table |
| may learn exactly one element from the request and one element from the |
| response at once. |
| |
| The table will contain the real server that processed the request. |
| |
| Example : |
| # Learn SSL session ID from both request and response and create affinity. |
| backend https |
| mode tcp |
| balance roundrobin |
| # maximum SSL session ID length is 32 bytes. |
| stick-table type binary len 32 size 30k expire 30m |
| |
| acl clienthello req_ssl_hello_type 1 |
| acl serverhello rep_ssl_hello_type 2 |
| |
| # use tcp content accepts to detects ssl client and server hello. |
| tcp-request inspect-delay 5s |
| tcp-request content accept if clienthello |
| |
| # no timeout on response inspect delay by default. |
| tcp-response content accept if serverhello |
| |
| # SSL session ID (SSLID) may be present on a client or server hello. |
| # Its length is coded on 1 byte at offset 43 and its value starts |
| # at offset 44. |
| |
| # Match and learn on request if client hello. |
| stick on payload_lv(43,1) if clienthello |
| |
| # Learn on response if server hello. |
| stick store-response payload_lv(43,1) if serverhello |
| |
| server s1 192.168.1.1:443 |
| server s2 192.168.1.1:443 |
| |
| See also : "stick-table", "stick on", and section 7 about ACLs and pattern |
| extraction. |
| |
| |
| tcp-check connect [params*] |
| Opens a new connection |
| May be used in sections: defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | no | yes | yes |
| |
| When an application lies on more than a single TCP port or when HAProxy |
| load-balance many services in a single backend, it makes sense to probe all |
| the services individually before considering a server as operational. |
| |
| When there are no TCP port configured on the server line neither server port |
| directive, then the 'tcp-check connect port <port>' must be the first step |
| of the sequence. |
| |
| In a tcp-check ruleset a 'connect' is required, it is also mandatory to start |
| the ruleset with a 'connect' rule. Purpose is to ensure admin know what they |
| do. |
| |
| Parameters : |
| They are optional and can be used to describe how HAProxy should open and |
| use the TCP connection. |
| |
| port if not set, check port or server port is used. |
| It tells HAProxy where to open the connection to. |
| <port> must be a valid TCP port source integer, from 1 to 65535. |
| |
| send-proxy send a PROXY protocol string |
| |
| ssl opens a ciphered connection |
| |
| Examples: |
| # check HTTP and HTTPs services on a server. |
| # first open port 80 thanks to server line port directive, then |
| # tcp-check opens port 443, ciphered and run a request on it: |
| option tcp-check |
| tcp-check connect |
| tcp-check send GET\ /\ HTTP/1.0\r\n |
| tcp-check send Host:\ haproxy.1wt.eu\r\n |
| tcp-check send \r\n |
| tcp-check expect rstring (2..|3..) |
| tcp-check connect port 443 ssl |
| tcp-check send GET\ /\ HTTP/1.0\r\n |
| tcp-check send Host:\ haproxy.1wt.eu\r\n |
| tcp-check send \r\n |
| tcp-check expect rstring (2..|3..) |
| server www 10.0.0.1 check port 80 |
| |
| # check both POP and IMAP from a single server: |
| option tcp-check |
| tcp-check connect port 110 |
| tcp-check expect string +OK\ POP3\ ready |
| tcp-check connect port 143 |
| tcp-check expect string *\ OK\ IMAP4\ ready |
| server mail 10.0.0.1 check |
| |
| See also : "option tcp-check", "tcp-check send", "tcp-check expect" |
| |
| |
| tcp-check expect [!] <match> <pattern> |
| Specify data to be collected and analysed during a generic health check |
| May be used in sections: defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | no | yes | yes |
| |
| Arguments : |
| <match> is a keyword indicating how to look for a specific pattern in the |
| response. The keyword may be one of "string", "rstring" or |
| binary. |
| The keyword may be preceded by an exclamation mark ("!") to negate |
| the match. Spaces are allowed between the exclamation mark and the |
| keyword. See below for more details on the supported keywords. |
| |
| <pattern> is the pattern to look for. It may be a string or a regular |
| expression. If the pattern contains spaces, they must be escaped |
| with the usual backslash ('\'). |
| If the match is set to binary, then the pattern must be passed as |
| a serie of hexadecimal digits in an even number. Each sequence of |
| two digits will represent a byte. The hexadecimal digits may be |
| used upper or lower case. |
| |
| |
| The available matches are intentionally similar to their http-check cousins : |
| |
| string <string> : test the exact string matches in the response buffer. |
| A health check response will be considered valid if the |
| response's buffer contains this exact string. If the |
| "string" keyword is prefixed with "!", then the response |
| will be considered invalid if the body contains this |
| string. This can be used to look for a mandatory pattern |
| in a protocol response, or to detect a failure when a |
| specific error appears in a protocol banner. |
| |
| rstring <regex> : test a regular expression on the response buffer. |
| A health check response will be considered valid if the |
| response's buffer matches this expression. If the |
| "rstring" keyword is prefixed with "!", then the response |
| will be considered invalid if the body matches the |
| expression. |
| |
| binary <hexstring> : test the exact string in its hexadecimal form matches |
| in the response buffer. A health check response will |
| be considered valid if the response's buffer contains |
| this exact hexadecimal string. |
| Purpose is to match data on binary protocols. |
| |
| It is important to note that the responses will be limited to a certain size |
| defined by the global "tune.chksize" option, which defaults to 16384 bytes. |
| Thus, too large responses may not contain the mandatory pattern when using |
| "string", "rstring" or binary. If a large response is absolutely required, it |
| is possible to change the default max size by setting the global variable. |
| However, it is worth keeping in mind that parsing very large responses can |
| waste some CPU cycles, especially when regular expressions are used, and that |
| it is always better to focus the checks on smaller resources. Also, in its |
| current state, the check will not find any string nor regex past a null |
| character in the response. Similarly it is not possible to request matching |
| the null character. |
| |
| Examples : |
| # perform a POP check |
| option tcp-check |
| tcp-check expect string +OK\ POP3\ ready |
| |
| # perform an IMAP check |
| option tcp-check |
| tcp-check expect string *\ OK\ IMAP4\ ready |
| |
| # look for the redis master server |
| option tcp-check |
| tcp-check send PING\r\n |
| tcp-check expect +PONG |
| tcp-check send info\ replication\r\n |
| tcp-check expect string role:master |
| tcp-check send QUIT\r\n |
| tcp-check expect string +OK |
| |
| |
| See also : "option tcp-check", "tcp-check connect", "tcp-check send", |
| "tcp-check send-binary", "http-check expect", tune.chksize |
| |
| |
| tcp-check send <data> |
| Specify a string to be sent as a question during a generic health check |
| May be used in sections: defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | no | yes | yes |
| |
| <data> : the data to be sent as a question during a generic health check |
| session. For now, <data> must be a string. |
| |
| Examples : |
| # look for the redis master server |
| option tcp-check |
| tcp-check send info\ replication\r\n |
| tcp-check expect string role:master |
| |
| See also : "option tcp-check", "tcp-check connect", "tcp-check expect", |
| "tcp-check send-binary", tune.chksize |
| |
| |
| tcp-check send-binary <hexastring> |
| Specify an hexa digits string to be sent as a binary question during a raw |
| tcp health check |
| May be used in sections: defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | no | yes | yes |
| |
| <data> : the data to be sent as a question during a generic health check |
| session. For now, <data> must be a string. |
| <hexastring> : test the exact string in its hexadecimal form matches in the |
| response buffer. A health check response will be considered |
| valid if the response's buffer contains this exact |
| hexadecimal string. |
| Purpose is to send binary data to ask on binary protocols. |
| |
| Examples : |
| # redis check in binary |
| option tcp-check |
| tcp-check send-binary 50494e470d0a # PING\r\n |
| tcp-check expect binary 2b504F4e47 # +PONG |
| |
| |
| See also : "option tcp-check", "tcp-check connect", "tcp-check expect", |
| "tcp-check send", tune.chksize |
| |
| |
| tcp-request connection <action> [{if | unless} <condition>] |
| Perform an action on an incoming connection depending on a layer 4 condition |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | no |
| Arguments : |
| <action> defines the action to perform if the condition applies. Valid |
| actions include : "accept", "reject", "track-sc0", "track-sc1", |
| "track-sc2", and "expect-proxy". See below for more details. |
| |
| <condition> is a standard layer4-only ACL-based condition (see section 7). |
| |
| Immediately after acceptance of a new incoming connection, it is possible to |
| evaluate some conditions to decide whether this connection must be accepted |
| or dropped or have its counters tracked. Those conditions cannot make use of |
| any data contents because the connection has not been read from yet, and the |
| buffers are not yet allocated. This is used to selectively and very quickly |
| accept or drop connections from various sources with a very low overhead. If |
| some contents need to be inspected in order to take the decision, the |
| "tcp-request content" statements must be used instead. |
| |
| The "tcp-request connection" rules are evaluated in their exact declaration |
| order. If no rule matches or if there is no rule, the default action is to |
| accept the incoming connection. There is no specific limit to the number of |
| rules which may be inserted. |
| |
| Five types of actions are supported : |
| - accept : |
| accepts the connection if the condition is true (when used with "if") |
| or false (when used with "unless"). The first such rule executed ends |
| the rules evaluation. |
| |
| - reject : |
| rejects the connection if the condition is true (when used with "if") |
| or false (when used with "unless"). The first such rule executed ends |
| the rules evaluation. Rejected connections do not even become a |
| session, which is why they are accounted separately for in the stats, |
| as "denied connections". They are not considered for the session |
| rate-limit and are not logged either. The reason is that these rules |
| should only be used to filter extremely high connection rates such as |
| the ones encountered during a massive DDoS attack. Under these extreme |
| conditions, the simple action of logging each event would make the |
| system collapse and would considerably lower the filtering capacity. If |
| logging is absolutely desired, then "tcp-request content" rules should |
| be used instead. |
| |
| - expect-proxy layer4 : |
| configures the client-facing connection to receive a PROXY protocol |
| header before any byte is read from the socket. This is equivalent to |
| having the "accept-proxy" keyword on the "bind" line, except that using |
| the TCP rule allows the PROXY protocol to be accepted only for certain |
| IP address ranges using an ACL. This is convenient when multiple layers |
| of load balancers are passed through by traffic coming from public |
| hosts. |
| |
| - capture <sample> len <length> : |
| This only applies to "tcp-request content" rules. It captures sample |
| expression <sample> from the request buffer, and converts it to a |
| string of at most <len> characters. The resulting string is stored into |
| the next request "capture" slot, so it will possibly appear next to |
| some captured HTTP headers. It will then automatically appear in the |
| logs, and it will be possible to extract it using sample fetch rules to |
| feed it into headers or anything. The length should be limited given |
| that this size will be allocated for each capture during the whole |
| session life. Since it applies to Please check section 7.3 (Fetching |
| samples) and "capture request header" for more information. |
| |
| - { track-sc0 | track-sc1 | track-sc2 } <key> [table <table>] : |
| enables tracking of sticky counters from current connection. These |
| rules do not stop evaluation and do not change default action. 3 sets |
| of counters may be simultaneously tracked by the same connection. The |
| first "track-sc0" rule executed enables tracking of the counters of the |
| specified table as the first set. The first "track-sc1" rule executed |
| enables tracking of the counters of the specified table as the second |
| set. The first "track-sc2" rule executed enables tracking of the |
| counters of the specified table as the third set. It is a recommended |
| practice to use the first set of counters for the per-frontend counters |
| and the second set for the per-backend ones. But this is just a |
| guideline, all may be used everywhere. |
| |
| These actions take one or two arguments : |
| <key> is mandatory, and is a sample expression rule as described |
| in section 7.3. It describes what elements of the incoming |
| request or connection will be analysed, extracted, combined, |
| and used to select which table entry to update the counters. |
| Note that "tcp-request connection" cannot use content-based |
| fetches. |
| |
| <table> is an optional table to be used instead of the default one, |
| which is the stick-table declared in the current proxy. All |
| the counters for the matches and updates for the key will |
| then be performed in that table until the session ends. |
| |
| Once a "track-sc*" rule is executed, the key is looked up in the table |
| and if it is not found, an entry is allocated for it. Then a pointer to |
| that entry is kept during all the session's life, and this entry's |
| counters are updated as often as possible, every time the session's |
| counters are updated, and also systematically when the session ends. |
| Counters are only updated for events that happen after the tracking has |
| been started. For example, connection counters will not be updated when |
| tracking layer 7 information, since the connection event happens before |
| layer7 information is extracted. |
| |
| If the entry tracks concurrent connection counters, one connection is |
| counted for as long as the entry is tracked, and the entry will not |
| expire during that time. Tracking counters also provides a performance |
| advantage over just checking the keys, because only one table lookup is |
| performed for all ACL checks that make use of it. |
| |
| Note that the "if/unless" condition is optional. If no condition is set on |
| the action, it is simply performed unconditionally. That can be useful for |
| "track-sc*" actions as well as for changing the default action to a reject. |
| |
| Example: accept all connections from white-listed hosts, reject too fast |
| connection without counting them, and track accepted connections. |
| This results in connection rate being capped from abusive sources. |
| |
| tcp-request connection accept if { src -f /etc/haproxy/whitelist.lst } |
| tcp-request connection reject if { src_conn_rate gt 10 } |
| tcp-request connection track-sc0 src |
| |
| Example: accept all connections from white-listed hosts, count all other |
| connections and reject too fast ones. This results in abusive ones |
| being blocked as long as they don't slow down. |
| |
| tcp-request connection accept if { src -f /etc/haproxy/whitelist.lst } |
| tcp-request connection track-sc0 src |
| tcp-request connection reject if { sc0_conn_rate gt 10 } |
| |
| Example: enable the PROXY protocol for traffic coming from all known proxies. |
| |
| tcp-request connection expect-proxy layer4 if { src -f proxies.lst } |
| |
| See section 7 about ACL usage. |
| |
| See also : "tcp-request content", "stick-table" |
| |
| |
| tcp-request content <action> [{if | unless} <condition>] |
| Perform an action on a new session depending on a layer 4-7 condition |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <action> defines the action to perform if the condition applies. Valid |
| actions include : "accept", "reject", "track-sc0", "track-sc1", |
| "track-sc2", "capture" and "lua". See "tcp-request connection" |
| above for their signification. |
| |
| <condition> is a standard layer 4-7 ACL-based condition (see section 7). |
| |
| A request's contents can be analysed at an early stage of request processing |
| called "TCP content inspection". During this stage, ACL-based rules are |
| evaluated every time the request contents are updated, until either an |
| "accept" or a "reject" rule matches, or the TCP request inspection delay |
| expires with no matching rule. |
| |
| The first difference between these rules and "tcp-request connection" rules |
| is that "tcp-request content" rules can make use of contents to take a |
| decision. Most often, these decisions will consider a protocol recognition or |
| validity. The second difference is that content-based rules can be used in |
| both frontends and backends. In case of HTTP keep-alive with the client, all |
| tcp-request content rules are evaluated again, so haproxy keeps a record of |
| what sticky counters were assigned by a "tcp-request connection" versus a |
| "tcp-request content" rule, and flushes all the content-related ones after |
| processing an HTTP request, so that they may be evaluated again by the rules |
| being evaluated again for the next request. This is of particular importance |
| when the rule tracks some L7 information or when it is conditioned by an |
| L7-based ACL, since tracking may change between requests. |
| |
| Content-based rules are evaluated in their exact declaration order. If no |
| rule matches or if there is no rule, the default action is to accept the |
| contents. There is no specific limit to the number of rules which may be |
| inserted. |
| |
| Four types of actions are supported : |
| - accept : the request is accepted |
| - reject : the request is rejected and the connection is closed |
| - capture : the specified sample expression is captured |
| - { track-sc0 | track-sc1 | track-sc2 } <key> [table <table>] |
| |
| They have the same meaning as their counter-parts in "tcp-request connection" |
| so please refer to that section for a complete description. |
| |
| While there is nothing mandatory about it, it is recommended to use the |
| track-sc0 in "tcp-request connection" rules, track-sc1 for "tcp-request |
| content" rules in the frontend, and track-sc2 for "tcp-request content" |
| rules in the backend, because that makes the configuration more readable |
| and easier to troubleshoot, but this is just a guideline and all counters |
| may be used everywhere. |
| |
| Note that the "if/unless" condition is optional. If no condition is set on |
| the action, it is simply performed unconditionally. That can be useful for |
| "track-sc*" actions as well as for changing the default action to a reject. |
| |
| It is perfectly possible to match layer 7 contents with "tcp-request content" |
| rules, since HTTP-specific ACL matches are able to preliminarily parse the |
| contents of a buffer before extracting the required data. If the buffered |
| contents do not parse as a valid HTTP message, then the ACL does not match. |
| The parser which is involved there is exactly the same as for all other HTTP |
| processing, so there is no risk of parsing something differently. In an HTTP |
| backend connected to from an HTTP frontend, it is guaranteed that HTTP |
| contents will always be immediately present when the rule is evaluated first. |
| |
| Tracking layer7 information is also possible provided that the information |
| are present when the rule is processed. The rule processing engine is able to |
| wait until the inspect delay expires when the data to be tracked is not yet |
| available. |
| |
| The "lua" keyword is followed by a Lua function name. It is used to run a Lua |
| function if the action is executed. The single parameter is the name of the |
| function to run. The prototype of the function is documented in the API |
| documentation. |
| |
| Example: |
| # Accept HTTP requests containing a Host header saying "example.com" |
| # and reject everything else. |
| acl is_host_com hdr(Host) -i example.com |
| tcp-request inspect-delay 30s |
| tcp-request content accept if is_host_com |
| tcp-request content reject |
| |
| Example: |
| # reject SMTP connection if client speaks first |
| tcp-request inspect-delay 30s |
| acl content_present req_len gt 0 |
| tcp-request content reject if content_present |
| |
| # Forward HTTPS connection only if client speaks |
| tcp-request inspect-delay 30s |
| acl content_present req_len gt 0 |
| tcp-request content accept if content_present |
| tcp-request content reject |
| |
| Example: |
| # Track the last IP from X-Forwarded-For |
| tcp-request inspect-delay 10s |
| tcp-request content track-sc0 hdr(x-forwarded-for,-1) |
| |
| Example: |
| # track request counts per "base" (concatenation of Host+URL) |
| tcp-request inspect-delay 10s |
| tcp-request content track-sc0 base table req-rate |
| |
| Example: track per-frontend and per-backend counters, block abusers at the |
| frontend when the backend detects abuse. |
| |
| frontend http |
| # Use General Purpose Couter 0 in SC0 as a global abuse counter |
| # protecting all our sites |
| stick-table type ip size 1m expire 5m store gpc0 |
| tcp-request connection track-sc0 src |
| tcp-request connection reject if { sc0_get_gpc0 gt 0 } |
| ... |
| use_backend http_dynamic if { path_end .php } |
| |
| backend http_dynamic |
| # if a source makes too fast requests to this dynamic site (tracked |
| # by SC1), block it globally in the frontend. |
| stick-table type ip size 1m expire 5m store http_req_rate(10s) |
| acl click_too_fast sc1_http_req_rate gt 10 |
| acl mark_as_abuser sc0_inc_gpc0 gt 0 |
| tcp-request content track-sc1 src |
| tcp-request content reject if click_too_fast mark_as_abuser |
| |
| See section 7 about ACL usage. |
| |
| See also : "tcp-request connection", "tcp-request inspect-delay" |
| |
| |
| tcp-request inspect-delay <timeout> |
| Set the maximum allowed time to wait for data during content inspection |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <timeout> is the timeout value specified in milliseconds by default, but |
| can be in any other unit if the number is suffixed by the unit, |
| as explained at the top of this document. |
| |
| People using haproxy primarily as a TCP relay are often worried about the |
| risk of passing any type of protocol to a server without any analysis. In |
| order to be able to analyze the request contents, we must first withhold |
| the data then analyze them. This statement simply enables withholding of |
| data for at most the specified amount of time. |
| |
| TCP content inspection applies very early when a connection reaches a |
| frontend, then very early when the connection is forwarded to a backend. This |
| means that a connection may experience a first delay in the frontend and a |
| second delay in the backend if both have tcp-request rules. |
| |
| Note that when performing content inspection, haproxy will evaluate the whole |
| rules for every new chunk which gets in, taking into account the fact that |
| those data are partial. If no rule matches before the aforementioned delay, |
| a last check is performed upon expiration, this time considering that the |
| contents are definitive. If no delay is set, haproxy will not wait at all |
| and will immediately apply a verdict based on the available information. |
| Obviously this is unlikely to be very useful and might even be racy, so such |
| setups are not recommended. |
| |
| As soon as a rule matches, the request is released and continues as usual. If |
| the timeout is reached and no rule matches, the default policy will be to let |
| it pass through unaffected. |
| |
| For most protocols, it is enough to set it to a few seconds, as most clients |
| send the full request immediately upon connection. Add 3 or more seconds to |
| cover TCP retransmits but that's all. For some protocols, it may make sense |
| to use large values, for instance to ensure that the client never talks |
| before the server (eg: SMTP), or to wait for a client to talk before passing |
| data to the server (eg: SSL). Note that the client timeout must cover at |
| least the inspection delay, otherwise it will expire first. If the client |
| closes the connection or if the buffer is full, the delay immediately expires |
| since the contents will not be able to change anymore. |
| |
| See also : "tcp-request content accept", "tcp-request content reject", |
| "timeout client". |
| |
| |
| tcp-response content <action> [{if | unless} <condition>] |
| Perform an action on a session response depending on a layer 4-7 condition |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <action> defines the action to perform if the condition applies. Valid |
| actions include : "accept", "close", "reject", "lua". |
| |
| <condition> is a standard layer 4-7 ACL-based condition (see section 7). |
| |
| Response contents can be analysed at an early stage of response processing |
| called "TCP content inspection". During this stage, ACL-based rules are |
| evaluated every time the response contents are updated, until either an |
| "accept", "close" or a "reject" rule matches, or a TCP response inspection |
| delay is set and expires with no matching rule. |
| |
| Most often, these decisions will consider a protocol recognition or validity. |
| |
| Content-based rules are evaluated in their exact declaration order. If no |
| rule matches or if there is no rule, the default action is to accept the |
| contents. There is no specific limit to the number of rules which may be |
| inserted. |
| |
| Two types of actions are supported : |
| - accept : |
| accepts the response if the condition is true (when used with "if") |
| or false (when used with "unless"). The first such rule executed ends |
| the rules evaluation. |
| |
| - close : |
| immediately closes the connection with the server if the condition is |
| true (when used with "if"), or false (when used with "unless"). The |
| first such rule executed ends the rules evaluation. The main purpose of |
| this action is to force a connection to be finished between a client |
| and a server after an exchange when the application protocol expects |
| some long time outs to elapse first. The goal is to eliminate idle |
| connections which take significant resources on servers with certain |
| protocols. |
| |
| - reject : |
| rejects the response if the condition is true (when used with "if") |
| or false (when used with "unless"). The first such rule executed ends |
| the rules evaluation. Rejected session are immediately closed. |
| |
| Note that the "if/unless" condition is optional. If no condition is set on |
| the action, it is simply performed unconditionally. That can be useful for |
| for changing the default action to a reject. |
| |
| It is perfectly possible to match layer 7 contents with "tcp-response |
| content" rules, but then it is important to ensure that a full response has |
| been buffered, otherwise no contents will match. In order to achieve this, |
| the best solution involves detecting the HTTP protocol during the inspection |
| period. |
| |
| The "lua" keyword is followed by a Lua function name. It is used to run a Lua |
| function if the action is executed. The single parameter is the name of the |
| function to run. The prototype of the function is documented in the API |
| documentation. |
| |
| See section 7 about ACL usage. |
| |
| See also : "tcp-request content", "tcp-response inspect-delay" |
| |
| |
| tcp-response inspect-delay <timeout> |
| Set the maximum allowed time to wait for a response during content inspection |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <timeout> is the timeout value specified in milliseconds by default, but |
| can be in any other unit if the number is suffixed by the unit, |
| as explained at the top of this document. |
| |
| See also : "tcp-response content", "tcp-request inspect-delay". |
| |
| |
| timeout check <timeout> |
| Set additional check timeout, but only after a connection has been already |
| established. |
| |
| May be used in sections: defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments: |
| <timeout> is the timeout value specified in milliseconds by default, but |
| can be in any other unit if the number is suffixed by the unit, |
| as explained at the top of this document. |
| |
| If set, haproxy uses min("timeout connect", "inter") as a connect timeout |
| for check and "timeout check" as an additional read timeout. The "min" is |
| used so that people running with *very* long "timeout connect" (eg. those |
| who needed this due to the queue or tarpit) do not slow down their checks. |
| (Please also note that there is no valid reason to have such long connect |
| timeouts, because "timeout queue" and "timeout tarpit" can always be used to |
| avoid that). |
| |
| If "timeout check" is not set haproxy uses "inter" for complete check |
| timeout (connect + read) exactly like all <1.3.15 version. |
| |
| In most cases check request is much simpler and faster to handle than normal |
| requests and people may want to kick out laggy servers so this timeout should |
| be smaller than "timeout server". |
| |
| This parameter is specific to backends, but can be specified once for all in |
| "defaults" sections. This is in fact one of the easiest solutions not to |
| forget about it. |
| |
| See also: "timeout connect", "timeout queue", "timeout server", |
| "timeout tarpit". |
| |
| |
| timeout client <timeout> |
| timeout clitimeout <timeout> (deprecated) |
| Set the maximum inactivity time on the client side. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | no |
| Arguments : |
| <timeout> is the timeout value specified in milliseconds by default, but |
| can be in any other unit if the number is suffixed by the unit, |
| as explained at the top of this document. |
| |
| The inactivity timeout applies when the client is expected to acknowledge or |
| send data. In HTTP mode, this timeout is particularly important to consider |
| during the first phase, when the client sends the request, and during the |
| response while it is reading data sent by the server. The value is specified |
| in milliseconds by default, but can be in any other unit if the number is |
| suffixed by the unit, as specified at the top of this document. In TCP mode |
| (and to a lesser extent, in HTTP mode), it is highly recommended that the |
| client timeout remains equal to the server timeout in order to avoid complex |
| situations to debug. It is a good practice to cover one or several TCP packet |
| losses by specifying timeouts that are slightly above multiples of 3 seconds |
| (eg: 4 or 5 seconds). If some long-lived sessions are mixed with short-lived |
| sessions (eg: WebSocket and HTTP), it's worth considering "timeout tunnel", |
| which overrides "timeout client" and "timeout server" for tunnels, as well as |
| "timeout client-fin" for half-closed connections. |
| |
| This parameter is specific to frontends, but can be specified once for all in |
| "defaults" sections. This is in fact one of the easiest solutions not to |
| forget about it. An unspecified timeout results in an infinite timeout, which |
| is not recommended. Such a usage is accepted and works but reports a warning |
| during startup because it may results in accumulation of expired sessions in |
| the system if the system's timeouts are not configured either. |
| |
| This parameter replaces the old, deprecated "clitimeout". It is recommended |
| to use it to write new configurations. The form "timeout clitimeout" is |
| provided only by backwards compatibility but its use is strongly discouraged. |
| |
| See also : "clitimeout", "timeout server", "timeout tunnel". |
| |
| |
| timeout client-fin <timeout> |
| Set the inactivity timeout on the client side for half-closed connections. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | no |
| Arguments : |
| <timeout> is the timeout value specified in milliseconds by default, but |
| can be in any other unit if the number is suffixed by the unit, |
| as explained at the top of this document. |
| |
| The inactivity timeout applies when the client is expected to acknowledge or |
| send data while one direction is already shut down. This timeout is different |
| from "timeout client" in that it only applies to connections which are closed |
| in one direction. This is particularly useful to avoid keeping connections in |
| FIN_WAIT state for too long when clients do not disconnect cleanly. This |
| problem is particularly common long connections such as RDP or WebSocket. |
| Note that this timeout can override "timeout tunnel" when a connection shuts |
| down in one direction. |
| |
| This parameter is specific to frontends, but can be specified once for all in |
| "defaults" sections. By default it is not set, so half-closed connections |
| will use the other timeouts (timeout.client or timeout.tunnel). |
| |
| See also : "timeout client", "timeout server-fin", and "timeout tunnel". |
| |
| |
| timeout connect <timeout> |
| timeout contimeout <timeout> (deprecated) |
| Set the maximum time to wait for a connection attempt to a server to succeed. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <timeout> is the timeout value specified in milliseconds by default, but |
| can be in any other unit if the number is suffixed by the unit, |
| as explained at the top of this document. |
| |
| If the server is located on the same LAN as haproxy, the connection should be |
| immediate (less than a few milliseconds). Anyway, it is a good practice to |
| cover one or several TCP packet losses by specifying timeouts that are |
| slightly above multiples of 3 seconds (eg: 4 or 5 seconds). By default, the |
| connect timeout also presets both queue and tarpit timeouts to the same value |
| if these have not been specified. |
| |
| This parameter is specific to backends, but can be specified once for all in |
| "defaults" sections. This is in fact one of the easiest solutions not to |
| forget about it. An unspecified timeout results in an infinite timeout, which |
| is not recommended. Such a usage is accepted and works but reports a warning |
| during startup because it may results in accumulation of failed sessions in |
| the system if the system's timeouts are not configured either. |
| |
| This parameter replaces the old, deprecated "contimeout". It is recommended |
| to use it to write new configurations. The form "timeout contimeout" is |
| provided only by backwards compatibility but its use is strongly discouraged. |
| |
| See also: "timeout check", "timeout queue", "timeout server", "contimeout", |
| "timeout tarpit". |
| |
| |
| timeout http-keep-alive <timeout> |
| Set the maximum allowed time to wait for a new HTTP request to appear |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <timeout> is the timeout value specified in milliseconds by default, but |
| can be in any other unit if the number is suffixed by the unit, |
| as explained at the top of this document. |
| |
| By default, the time to wait for a new request in case of keep-alive is set |
| by "timeout http-request". However this is not always convenient because some |
| people want very short keep-alive timeouts in order to release connections |
| faster, and others prefer to have larger ones but still have short timeouts |
| once the request has started to present itself. |
| |
| The "http-keep-alive" timeout covers these needs. It will define how long to |
| wait for a new HTTP request to start coming after a response was sent. Once |
| the first byte of request has been seen, the "http-request" timeout is used |
| to wait for the complete request to come. Note that empty lines prior to a |
| new request do not refresh the timeout and are not counted as a new request. |
| |
| There is also another difference between the two timeouts : when a connection |
| expires during timeout http-keep-alive, no error is returned, the connection |
| just closes. If the connection expires in "http-request" while waiting for a |
| connection to complete, a HTTP 408 error is returned. |
| |
| In general it is optimal to set this value to a few tens to hundreds of |
| milliseconds, to allow users to fetch all objects of a page at once but |
| without waiting for further clicks. Also, if set to a very small value (eg: |
| 1 millisecond) it will probably only accept pipelined requests but not the |
| non-pipelined ones. It may be a nice trade-off for very large sites running |
| with tens to hundreds of thousands of clients. |
| |
| If this parameter is not set, the "http-request" timeout applies, and if both |
| are not set, "timeout client" still applies at the lower level. It should be |
| set in the frontend to take effect, unless the frontend is in TCP mode, in |
| which case the HTTP backend's timeout will be used. |
| |
| See also : "timeout http-request", "timeout client". |
| |
| |
| timeout http-request <timeout> |
| Set the maximum allowed time to wait for a complete HTTP request |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <timeout> is the timeout value specified in milliseconds by default, but |
| can be in any other unit if the number is suffixed by the unit, |
| as explained at the top of this document. |
| |
| In order to offer DoS protection, it may be required to lower the maximum |
| accepted time to receive a complete HTTP request without affecting the client |
| timeout. This helps protecting against established connections on which |
| nothing is sent. The client timeout cannot offer a good protection against |
| this abuse because it is an inactivity timeout, which means that if the |
| attacker sends one character every now and then, the timeout will not |
| trigger. With the HTTP request timeout, no matter what speed the client |
| types, the request will be aborted if it does not complete in time. When the |
| timeout expires, an HTTP 408 response is sent to the client to inform it |
| about the problem, and the connection is closed. The logs will report |
| termination codes "cR". Some recent browsers are having problems with this |
| standard, well-documented behaviour, so it might be needed to hide the 408 |
| code using "errorfile 408 /dev/null". See more details in the explanations of |
| the "cR" termination code in section 8.5. |
| |
| Note that this timeout only applies to the header part of the request, and |
| not to any data. As soon as the empty line is received, this timeout is not |
| used anymore. It is used again on keep-alive connections to wait for a second |
| request if "timeout http-keep-alive" is not set. |
| |
| Generally it is enough to set it to a few seconds, as most clients send the |
| full request immediately upon connection. Add 3 or more seconds to cover TCP |
| retransmits but that's all. Setting it to very low values (eg: 50 ms) will |
| generally work on local networks as long as there are no packet losses. This |
| will prevent people from sending bare HTTP requests using telnet. |
| |
| If this parameter is not set, the client timeout still applies between each |
| chunk of the incoming request. It should be set in the frontend to take |
| effect, unless the frontend is in TCP mode, in which case the HTTP backend's |
| timeout will be used. |
| |
| See also : "errorfile", "timeout http-keep-alive", "timeout client". |
| |
| |
| timeout queue <timeout> |
| Set the maximum time to wait in the queue for a connection slot to be free |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <timeout> is the timeout value specified in milliseconds by default, but |
| can be in any other unit if the number is suffixed by the unit, |
| as explained at the top of this document. |
| |
| When a server's maxconn is reached, connections are left pending in a queue |
| which may be server-specific or global to the backend. In order not to wait |
| indefinitely, a timeout is applied to requests pending in the queue. If the |
| timeout is reached, it is considered that the request will almost never be |
| served, so it is dropped and a 503 error is returned to the client. |
| |
| The "timeout queue" statement allows to fix the maximum time for a request to |
| be left pending in a queue. If unspecified, the same value as the backend's |
| connection timeout ("timeout connect") is used, for backwards compatibility |
| with older versions with no "timeout queue" parameter. |
| |
| See also : "timeout connect", "contimeout". |
| |
| |
| timeout server <timeout> |
| timeout srvtimeout <timeout> (deprecated) |
| Set the maximum inactivity time on the server side. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <timeout> is the timeout value specified in milliseconds by default, but |
| can be in any other unit if the number is suffixed by the unit, |
| as explained at the top of this document. |
| |
| The inactivity timeout applies when the server is expected to acknowledge or |
| send data. In HTTP mode, this timeout is particularly important to consider |
| during the first phase of the server's response, when it has to send the |
| headers, as it directly represents the server's processing time for the |
| request. To find out what value to put there, it's often good to start with |
| what would be considered as unacceptable response times, then check the logs |
| to observe the response time distribution, and adjust the value accordingly. |
| |
| The value is specified in milliseconds by default, but can be in any other |
| unit if the number is suffixed by the unit, as specified at the top of this |
| document. In TCP mode (and to a lesser extent, in HTTP mode), it is highly |
| recommended that the client timeout remains equal to the server timeout in |
| order to avoid complex situations to debug. Whatever the expected server |
| response times, it is a good practice to cover at least one or several TCP |
| packet losses by specifying timeouts that are slightly above multiples of 3 |
| seconds (eg: 4 or 5 seconds minimum). If some long-lived sessions are mixed |
| with short-lived sessions (eg: WebSocket and HTTP), it's worth considering |
| "timeout tunnel", which overrides "timeout client" and "timeout server" for |
| tunnels. |
| |
| This parameter is specific to backends, but can be specified once for all in |
| "defaults" sections. This is in fact one of the easiest solutions not to |
| forget about it. An unspecified timeout results in an infinite timeout, which |
| is not recommended. Such a usage is accepted and works but reports a warning |
| during startup because it may results in accumulation of expired sessions in |
| the system if the system's timeouts are not configured either. |
| |
| This parameter replaces the old, deprecated "srvtimeout". It is recommended |
| to use it to write new configurations. The form "timeout srvtimeout" is |
| provided only by backwards compatibility but its use is strongly discouraged. |
| |
| See also : "srvtimeout", "timeout client" and "timeout tunnel". |
| |
| |
| timeout server-fin <timeout> |
| Set the inactivity timeout on the server side for half-closed connections. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <timeout> is the timeout value specified in milliseconds by default, but |
| can be in any other unit if the number is suffixed by the unit, |
| as explained at the top of this document. |
| |
| The inactivity timeout applies when the server is expected to acknowledge or |
| send data while one direction is already shut down. This timeout is different |
| from "timeout server" in that it only applies to connections which are closed |
| in one direction. This is particularly useful to avoid keeping connections in |
| FIN_WAIT state for too long when a remote server does not disconnect cleanly. |
| This problem is particularly common long connections such as RDP or WebSocket. |
| Note that this timeout can override "timeout tunnel" when a connection shuts |
| down in one direction. This setting was provided for completeness, but in most |
| situations, it should not be needed. |
| |
| This parameter is specific to backends, but can be specified once for all in |
| "defaults" sections. By default it is not set, so half-closed connections |
| will use the other timeouts (timeout.server or timeout.tunnel). |
| |
| See also : "timeout client-fin", "timeout server", and "timeout tunnel". |
| |
| |
| timeout tarpit <timeout> |
| Set the duration for which tarpitted connections will be maintained |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <timeout> is the tarpit duration specified in milliseconds by default, but |
| can be in any other unit if the number is suffixed by the unit, |
| as explained at the top of this document. |
| |
| When a connection is tarpitted using "reqtarpit", it is maintained open with |
| no activity for a certain amount of time, then closed. "timeout tarpit" |
| defines how long it will be maintained open. |
| |
| The value is specified in milliseconds by default, but can be in any other |
| unit if the number is suffixed by the unit, as specified at the top of this |
| document. If unspecified, the same value as the backend's connection timeout |
| ("timeout connect") is used, for backwards compatibility with older versions |
| with no "timeout tarpit" parameter. |
| |
| See also : "timeout connect", "contimeout". |
| |
| |
| timeout tunnel <timeout> |
| Set the maximum inactivity time on the client and server side for tunnels. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <timeout> is the timeout value specified in milliseconds by default, but |
| can be in any other unit if the number is suffixed by the unit, |
| as explained at the top of this document. |
| |
| The tunnel timeout applies when a bidirectional connection is established |
| between a client and a server, and the connection remains inactive in both |
| directions. This timeout supersedes both the client and server timeouts once |
| the connection becomes a tunnel. In TCP, this timeout is used as soon as no |
| analyser remains attached to either connection (eg: tcp content rules are |
| accepted). In HTTP, this timeout is used when a connection is upgraded (eg: |
| when switching to the WebSocket protocol, or forwarding a CONNECT request |
| to a proxy), or after the first response when no keepalive/close option is |
| specified. |
| |
| Since this timeout is usually used in conjunction with long-lived connections, |
| it usually is a good idea to also set "timeout client-fin" to handle the |
| situation where a client suddenly disappears from the net and does not |
| acknowledge a close, or sends a shutdown and does not acknowledge pending |
| data anymore. This can happen in lossy networks where firewalls are present, |
| and is detected by the presence of large amounts of sessions in a FIN_WAIT |
| state. |
| |
| The value is specified in milliseconds by default, but can be in any other |
| unit if the number is suffixed by the unit, as specified at the top of this |
| document. Whatever the expected normal idle time, it is a good practice to |
| cover at least one or several TCP packet losses by specifying timeouts that |
| are slightly above multiples of 3 seconds (eg: 4 or 5 seconds minimum). |
| |
| This parameter is specific to backends, but can be specified once for all in |
| "defaults" sections. This is in fact one of the easiest solutions not to |
| forget about it. |
| |
| Example : |
| defaults http |
| option http-server-close |
| timeout connect 5s |
| timeout client 30s |
| timeout client-fin 30s |
| timeout server 30s |
| timeout tunnel 1h # timeout to use with WebSocket and CONNECT |
| |
| See also : "timeout client", "timeout client-fin", "timeout server". |
| |
| |
| transparent (deprecated) |
| Enable client-side transparent proxying |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : none |
| |
| This keyword was introduced in order to provide layer 7 persistence to layer |
| 3 load balancers. The idea is to use the OS's ability to redirect an incoming |
| connection for a remote address to a local process (here HAProxy), and let |
| this process know what address was initially requested. When this option is |
| used, sessions without cookies will be forwarded to the original destination |
| IP address of the incoming request (which should match that of another |
| equipment), while requests with cookies will still be forwarded to the |
| appropriate server. |
| |
| The "transparent" keyword is deprecated, use "option transparent" instead. |
| |
| Note that contrary to a common belief, this option does NOT make HAProxy |
| present the client's IP to the server when establishing the connection. |
| |
| See also: "option transparent" |
| |
| unique-id-format <string> |
| Generate a unique ID for each request. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | no |
| Arguments : |
| <string> is a log-format string. |
| |
| This keyword creates a ID for each request using the custom log format. A |
| unique ID is useful to trace a request passing through many components of |
| a complex infrastructure. The newly created ID may also be logged using the |
| %ID tag the log-format string. |
| |
| The format should be composed from elements that are guaranteed to be |
| unique when combined together. For instance, if multiple haproxy instances |
| are involved, it might be important to include the node name. It is often |
| needed to log the incoming connection's source and destination addresses |
| and ports. Note that since multiple requests may be performed over the same |
| connection, including a request counter may help differentiate them. |
| Similarly, a timestamp may protect against a rollover of the counter. |
| Logging the process ID will avoid collisions after a service restart. |
| |
| It is recommended to use hexadecimal notation for many fields since it |
| makes them more compact and saves space in logs. |
| |
| Example: |
| |
| unique-id-format %{+X}o\ %ci:%cp_%fi:%fp_%Ts_%rt:%pid |
| |
| will generate: |
| |
| 7F000001:8296_7F00001E:1F90_4F7B0A69_0003:790A |
| |
| See also: "unique-id-header" |
| |
| unique-id-header <name> |
| Add a unique ID header in the HTTP request. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| yes | yes | yes | no |
| Arguments : |
| <name> is the name of the header. |
| |
| Add a unique-id header in the HTTP request sent to the server, using the |
| unique-id-format. It can't work if the unique-id-format doesn't exist. |
| |
| Example: |
| |
| unique-id-format %{+X}o\ %ci:%cp_%fi:%fp_%Ts_%rt:%pid |
| unique-id-header X-Unique-ID |
| |
| will generate: |
| |
| X-Unique-ID: 7F000001:8296_7F00001E:1F90_4F7B0A69_0003:790A |
| |
| See also: "unique-id-format" |
| |
| use_backend <backend> [{if | unless} <condition>] |
| Switch to a specific backend if/unless an ACL-based condition is matched. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | yes | yes | no |
| Arguments : |
| <backend> is the name of a valid backend or "listen" section, or a |
| "log-format" string resolving to a backend name. |
| |
| <condition> is a condition composed of ACLs, as described in section 7. If |
| it is omitted, the rule is unconditionally applied. |
| |
| When doing content-switching, connections arrive on a frontend and are then |
| dispatched to various backends depending on a number of conditions. The |
| relation between the conditions and the backends is described with the |
| "use_backend" keyword. While it is normally used with HTTP processing, it can |
| also be used in pure TCP, either without content using stateless ACLs (eg: |
| source address validation) or combined with a "tcp-request" rule to wait for |
| some payload. |
| |
| There may be as many "use_backend" rules as desired. All of these rules are |
| evaluated in their declaration order, and the first one which matches will |
| assign the backend. |
| |
| In the first form, the backend will be used if the condition is met. In the |
| second form, the backend will be used if the condition is not met. If no |
| condition is valid, the backend defined with "default_backend" will be used. |
| If no default backend is defined, either the servers in the same section are |
| used (in case of a "listen" section) or, in case of a frontend, no server is |
| used and a 503 service unavailable response is returned. |
| |
| Note that it is possible to switch from a TCP frontend to an HTTP backend. In |
| this case, either the frontend has already checked that the protocol is HTTP, |
| and backend processing will immediately follow, or the backend will wait for |
| a complete HTTP request to get in. This feature is useful when a frontend |
| must decode several protocols on a unique port, one of them being HTTP. |
| |
| When <backend> is a simple name, it is resolved at configuration time, and an |
| error is reported if the specified backend does not exist. If <backend> is |
| a log-format string instead, no check may be done at configuration time, so |
| the backend name is resolved dynamically at run time. If the resulting |
| backend name does not correspond to any valid backend, no other rule is |
| evaluated, and the default_backend directive is applied instead. Note that |
| when using dynamic backend names, it is highly recommended to use a prefix |
| that no other backend uses in order to ensure that an unauthorized backend |
| cannot be forced from the request. |
| |
| It is worth mentioning that "use_backend" rules with an explicit name are |
| used to detect the association between frontends and backends to compute the |
| backend's "fullconn" setting. This cannot be done for dynamic names. |
| |
| See also: "default_backend", "tcp-request", "fullconn", "log-format", and |
| section 7 about ACLs. |
| |
| |
| use-server <server> if <condition> |
| use-server <server> unless <condition> |
| Only use a specific server if/unless an ACL-based condition is matched. |
| May be used in sections : defaults | frontend | listen | backend |
| no | no | yes | yes |
| Arguments : |
| <server> is the name of a valid server in the same backend section. |
| |
| <condition> is a condition composed of ACLs, as described in section 7. |
| |
| By default, connections which arrive to a backend are load-balanced across |
| the available servers according to the configured algorithm, unless a |
| persistence mechanism such as a cookie is used and found in the request. |
| |
| Sometimes it is desirable to forward a particular request to a specific |
| server without having to declare a dedicated backend for this server. This |
| can be achieved using the "use-server" rules. These rules are evaluated after |
| the "redirect" rules and before evaluating cookies, and they have precedence |
| on them. There may be as many "use-server" rules as desired. All of these |
| rules are evaluated in their declaration order, and the first one which |
| matches will assign the server. |
| |
| If a rule designates a server which is down, and "option persist" is not used |
| and no force-persist rule was validated, it is ignored and evaluation goes on |
| with the next rules until one matches. |
| |
| In the first form, the server will be used if the condition is met. In the |
| second form, the server will be used if the condition is not met. If no |
| condition is valid, the processing continues and the server will be assigned |
| according to other persistence mechanisms. |
| |
| Note that even if a rule is matched, cookie processing is still performed but |
| does not assign the server. This allows prefixed cookies to have their prefix |
| stripped. |
| |
| The "use-server" statement works both in HTTP and TCP mode. This makes it |
| suitable for use with content-based inspection. For instance, a server could |
| be selected in a farm according to the TLS SNI field. And if these servers |
| have their weight set to zero, they will not be used for other traffic. |
| |
| Example : |
| # intercept incoming TLS requests based on the SNI field |
| use-server www if { req_ssl_sni -i www.example.com } |
| server www 192.168.0.1:443 weight 0 |
| use-server mail if { req_ssl_sni -i mail.example.com } |
| server mail 192.168.0.1:587 weight 0 |
| use-server imap if { req_ssl_sni -i imap.example.com } |
| server mail 192.168.0.1:993 weight 0 |
| # all the rest is forwarded to this server |
| server default 192.168.0.2:443 check |
| |
| See also: "use_backend", section 5 about server and section 7 about ACLs. |
| |
| |
| 5. Bind and Server options |
| -------------------------- |
| |
| The "bind", "server" and "default-server" keywords support a number of settings |
| depending on some build options and on the system HAProxy was built on. These |
| settings generally each consist in one word sometimes followed by a value, |
| written on the same line as the "bind" or "server" line. All these options are |
| described in this section. |
| |
| |
| 5.1. Bind options |
| ----------------- |
| |
| The "bind" keyword supports a certain number of settings which are all passed |
| as arguments on the same line. The order in which those arguments appear makes |
| no importance, provided that they appear after the bind address. All of these |
| parameters are optional. Some of them consist in a single words (booleans), |
| while other ones expect a value after them. In this case, the value must be |
| provided immediately after the setting name. |
| |
| The currently supported settings are the following ones. |
| |
| accept-proxy |
| Enforces the use of the PROXY protocol over any connection accepted by any of |
| the sockets declared on the same line. Versions 1 and 2 of the PROXY protocol |
| are supported and correctly detected. The PROXY protocol dictates the layer |
| 3/4 addresses of the incoming connection to be used everywhere an address is |
| used, with the only exception of "tcp-request connection" rules which will |
| only see the real connection address. Logs will reflect the addresses |
| indicated in the protocol, unless it is violated, in which case the real |
| address will still be used. This keyword combined with support from external |
| components can be used as an efficient and reliable alternative to the |
| X-Forwarded-For mechanism which is not always reliable and not even always |
| usable. See also "tcp-request connection expect-proxy" for a finer-grained |
| setting of which client is allowed to use the protocol. |
| |
| alpn <protocols> |
| This enables the TLS ALPN extension and advertises the specified protocol |
| list as supported on top of ALPN. The protocol list consists in a comma- |
| delimited list of protocol names, for instance: "http/1.1,http/1.0" (without |
| quotes). This requires that the SSL library is build with support for TLS |
| extensions enabled (check with haproxy -vv). The ALPN extension replaces the |
| initial NPN extension. |
| |
| backlog <backlog> |
| Sets the socket's backlog to this value. If unspecified, the frontend's |
| backlog is used instead, which generally defaults to the maxconn value. |
| |
| ecdhe <named curve> |
| This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. It sets |
| the named curve (RFC 4492) used to generate ECDH ephemeral keys. By default, |
| used named curve is prime256v1. |
| |
| ca-file <cafile> |
| This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. It |
| designates a PEM file from which to load CA certificates used to verify |
| client's certificate. |
| |
| ca-ignore-err [all|<errorID>,...] |
| This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. |
| Sets a comma separated list of errorIDs to ignore during verify at depth > 0. |
| If set to 'all', all errors are ignored. SSL handshake is not aborted if an |
| error is ignored. |
| |
| ciphers <ciphers> |
| This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. It sets |
| the string describing the list of cipher algorithms ("cipher suite") that are |
| negotiated during the SSL/TLS handshake. The format of the string is defined |
| in "man 1 ciphers" from OpenSSL man pages, and can be for instance a string |
| such as "AES:ALL:!aNULL:!eNULL:+RC4:@STRENGTH" (without quotes). |
| |
| crl-file <crlfile> |
| This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. It |
| designates a PEM file from which to load certificate revocation list used |
| to verify client's certificate. |
| |
| crt <cert> |
| This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. It |
| designates a PEM file containing both the required certificates and any |
| associated private keys. This file can be built by concatenating multiple |
| PEM files into one (e.g. cat cert.pem key.pem > combined.pem). If your CA |
| requires an intermediate certificate, this can also be concatenated into this |
| file. |
| |
| If the OpenSSL used supports Diffie-Hellman, parameters present in this file |
| are loaded. |
| |
| If a directory name is used instead of a PEM file, then all files found in |
| that directory will be loaded in alphabetic order unless their name ends with |
| '.issuer', '.ocsp' or '.sctl' (reserved extensions). This directive may be |
| specified multiple times in order to load certificates from multiple files or |
| directories. The certificates will be presented to clients who provide a |
| valid TLS Server Name Indication field matching one of their CN or alt |
| subjects. Wildcards are supported, where a wildcard character '*' is used |
| instead of the first hostname component (eg: *.example.org matches |
| www.example.org but not www.sub.example.org). |
| |
| If no SNI is provided by the client or if the SSL library does not support |
| TLS extensions, or if the client provides an SNI hostname which does not |
| match any certificate, then the first loaded certificate will be presented. |
| This means that when loading certificates from a directory, it is highly |
| recommended to load the default one first as a file or to ensure that it will |
| always be the first one in the directory. |
| |
| Note that the same cert may be loaded multiple times without side effects. |
| |
| Some CAs (such as Godaddy) offer a drop down list of server types that do not |
| include HAProxy when obtaining a certificate. If this happens be sure to |
| choose a webserver that the CA believes requires an intermediate CA (for |
| Godaddy, selection Apache Tomcat will get the correct bundle, but many |
| others, e.g. nginx, result in a wrong bundle that will not work for some |
| clients). |
| |
| For each PEM file, haproxy checks for the presence of file at the same path |
| suffixed by ".ocsp". If such file is found, support for the TLS Certificate |
| Status Request extension (also known as "OCSP stapling") is automatically |
| enabled. The content of this file is optional. If not empty, it must contain |
| a valid OCSP Response in DER format. In order to be valid an OCSP Response |
| must comply with the following rules: it has to indicate a good status, |
| it has to be a single response for the certificate of the PEM file, and it |
| has to be valid at the moment of addition. If these rules are not respected |
| the OCSP Response is ignored and a warning is emitted. In order to identify |
| which certificate an OCSP Response applies to, the issuer's certificate is |
| necessary. If the issuer's certificate is not found in the PEM file, it will |
| be loaded from a file at the same path as the PEM file suffixed by ".issuer" |
| if it exists otherwise it will fail with an error. |
| |
| For each PEM file, haproxy also checks for the presence of file at the same |
| path suffixed by ".sctl". If such file is found, support for Certificate |
| Transparency (RFC6962) TLS extension is enabled. The file must contain a |
| valid Signed Certificate Timestamp List, as described in RFC. File is parsed |
| to check basic syntax, but no signatures are verified. |
| |
| crt-ignore-err <errors> |
| This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. Sets a |
| comma separated list of errorIDs to ignore during verify at depth == 0. If |
| set to 'all', all errors are ignored. SSL handshake is not aborted if an error |
| is ignored. |
| |
| crt-list <file> |
| This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. It |
| designates a list of PEM file with an optional list of SNI filter per |
| certificate, with the following format for each line : |
| |
| <crtfile> [[!]<snifilter> ...] |
| |
| Wildcards are supported in the SNI filter. Negative filter are also supported, |
| only useful in combination with a wildcard filter to exclude a particular SNI. |
| The certificates will be presented to clients who provide a valid TLS Server |
| Name Indication field matching one of the SNI filters. If no SNI filter is |
| specified, the CN and alt subjects are used. This directive may be specified |
| multiple times. See the "crt" option for more information. The default |
| certificate is still needed to meet OpenSSL expectations. If it is not used, |
| the 'strict-sni' option may be used. |
| |
| defer-accept |
| Is an optional keyword which is supported only on certain Linux kernels. It |
| states that a connection will only be accepted once some data arrive on it, |
| or at worst after the first retransmit. This should be used only on protocols |
| for which the client talks first (eg: HTTP). It can slightly improve |
| performance by ensuring that most of the request is already available when |
| the connection is accepted. On the other hand, it will not be able to detect |
| connections which don't talk. It is important to note that this option is |
| broken in all kernels up to 2.6.31, as the connection is never accepted until |
| the client talks. This can cause issues with front firewalls which would see |
| an established connection while the proxy will only see it in SYN_RECV. This |
| option is only supported on TCPv4/TCPv6 sockets and ignored by other ones. |
| |
| force-sslv3 |
| This option enforces use of SSLv3 only on SSL connections instantiated from |
| this listener. SSLv3 is generally less expensive than the TLS counterparts |
| for high connection rates. This option is also available on global statement |
| "ssl-default-bind-options". See also "no-tlsv*" and "no-sslv3". |
| |
| force-tlsv10 |
| This option enforces use of TLSv1.0 only on SSL connections instantiated from |
| this listener. This option is also available on global statement |
| "ssl-default-bind-options". See also "no-tlsv*" and "no-sslv3". |
| |
| force-tlsv11 |
| This option enforces use of TLSv1.1 only on SSL connections instantiated from |
| this listener. This option is also available on global statement |
| "ssl-default-bind-options". See also "no-tlsv*", and "no-sslv3". |
| |
| force-tlsv12 |
| This option enforces use of TLSv1.2 only on SSL connections instantiated from |
| this listener. This option is also available on global statement |
| "ssl-default-bind-options". See also "no-tlsv*", and "no-sslv3". |
| |
| gid <gid> |
| Sets the group of the UNIX sockets to the designated system gid. It can also |
| be set by default in the global section's "unix-bind" statement. Note that |
| some platforms simply ignore this. This setting is equivalent to the "group" |
| setting except that the group ID is used instead of its name. This setting is |
| ignored by non UNIX sockets. |
| |
| group <group> |
| Sets the group of the UNIX sockets to the designated system group. It can |
| also be set by default in the global section's "unix-bind" statement. Note |
| that some platforms simply ignore this. This setting is equivalent to the |
| "gid" setting except that the group name is used instead of its gid. This |
| setting is ignored by non UNIX sockets. |
| |
| id <id> |
| Fixes the socket ID. By default, socket IDs are automatically assigned, but |
| sometimes it is more convenient to fix them to ease monitoring. This value |
| must be strictly positive and unique within the listener/frontend. This |
| option can only be used when defining only a single socket. |
| |
| interface <interface> |
| Restricts the socket to a specific interface. When specified, only packets |
| received from that particular interface are processed by the socket. This is |
| currently only supported on Linux. The interface must be a primary system |
| interface, not an aliased interface. It is also possible to bind multiple |
| frontends to the same address if they are bound to different interfaces. Note |
| that binding to a network interface requires root privileges. This parameter |
| is only compatible with TCPv4/TCPv6 sockets. |
| |
| level <level> |
| This setting is used with the stats sockets only to restrict the nature of |
| the commands that can be issued on the socket. It is ignored by other |
| sockets. <level> can be one of : |
| - "user" is the least privileged level ; only non-sensitive stats can be |
| read, and no change is allowed. It would make sense on systems where it |
| is not easy to restrict access to the socket. |
| - "operator" is the default level and fits most common uses. All data can |
| be read, and only non-sensitive changes are permitted (eg: clear max |
| counters). |
| - "admin" should be used with care, as everything is permitted (eg: clear |
| all counters). |
| |
| maxconn <maxconn> |
| Limits the sockets to this number of concurrent connections. Extraneous |
| connections will remain in the system's backlog until a connection is |
| released. If unspecified, the limit will be the same as the frontend's |
| maxconn. Note that in case of port ranges or multiple addresses, the same |
| value will be applied to each socket. This setting enables different |
| limitations on expensive sockets, for instance SSL entries which may easily |
| eat all memory. |
| |
| mode <mode> |
| Sets the octal mode used to define access permissions on the UNIX socket. It |
| can also be set by default in the global section's "unix-bind" statement. |
| Note that some platforms simply ignore this. This setting is ignored by non |
| UNIX sockets. |
| |
| mss <maxseg> |
| Sets the TCP Maximum Segment Size (MSS) value to be advertised on incoming |
| connections. This can be used to force a lower MSS for certain specific |
| ports, for instance for connections passing through a VPN. Note that this |
| relies on a kernel feature which is theoretically supported under Linux but |
| was buggy in all versions prior to 2.6.28. It may or may not work on other |
| operating systems. It may also not change the advertised value but change the |
| effective size of outgoing segments. The commonly advertised value for TCPv4 |
| over Ethernet networks is 1460 = 1500(MTU) - 40(IP+TCP). If this value is |
| positive, it will be used as the advertised MSS. If it is negative, it will |
| indicate by how much to reduce the incoming connection's advertised MSS for |
| outgoing segments. This parameter is only compatible with TCP v4/v6 sockets. |
| |
| name <name> |
| Sets an optional name for these sockets, which will be reported on the stats |
| page. |
| |
| nice <nice> |
| Sets the 'niceness' of connections initiated from the socket. Value must be |
| in the range -1024..1024 inclusive, and defaults to zero. Positive values |
| means that such connections are more friendly to others and easily offer |
| their place in the scheduler. On the opposite, negative values mean that |
| connections want to run with a higher priority than others. The difference |
| only happens under high loads when the system is close to saturation. |
| Negative values are appropriate for low-latency or administration services, |
| and high values are generally recommended for CPU intensive tasks such as SSL |
| processing or bulk transfers which are less sensible to latency. For example, |
| it may make sense to use a positive value for an SMTP socket and a negative |
| one for an RDP socket. |
| |
| no-sslv3 |
| This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. It |
| disables support for SSLv3 on any sockets instantiated from the listener when |
| SSL is supported. Note that SSLv2 is forced disabled in the code and cannot |
| be enabled using any configuration option. This option is also available on |
| global statement "ssl-default-bind-options". See also "force-tls*", |
| and "force-sslv3". |
| |
| no-tls-tickets |
| This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. It |
| disables the stateless session resumption (RFC 5077 TLS Ticket |
| extension) and force to use stateful session resumption. Stateless |
| session resumption is more expensive in CPU usage. This option is also |
| available on global statement "ssl-default-bind-options". |
| |
| no-tlsv10 |
| This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. It |
| disables support for TLSv1.0 on any sockets instantiated from the listener |
| when SSL is supported. Note that SSLv2 is forced disabled in the code and |
| cannot be enabled using any configuration option. This option is also |
| available on global statement "ssl-default-bind-options". See also |
| "force-tlsv*", and "force-sslv3". |
| |
| no-tlsv11 |
| This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. It |
| disables support for TLSv1.1 on any sockets instantiated from the listener |
| when SSL is supported. Note that SSLv2 is forced disabled in the code and |
| cannot be enabled using any configuration option. This option is also |
| available on global statement "ssl-default-bind-options". See also |
| "force-tlsv*", and "force-sslv3". |
| |
| no-tlsv12 |
| This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. It |
| disables support for TLSv1.2 on any sockets instantiated from the listener |
| when SSL is supported. Note that SSLv2 is forced disabled in the code and |
| cannot be enabled using any configuration option. This option is also |
| available on global statement "ssl-default-bind-options". See also |
| "force-tlsv*", and "force-sslv3". |
| |
| npn <protocols> |
| This enables the NPN TLS extension and advertises the specified protocol list |
| as supported on top of NPN. The protocol list consists in a comma-delimited |
| list of protocol names, for instance: "http/1.1,http/1.0" (without quotes). |
| This requires that the SSL library is build with support for TLS extensions |
| enabled (check with haproxy -vv). Note that the NPN extension has been |
| replaced with the ALPN extension (see the "alpn" keyword). |
| |
| process [ all | odd | even | <number 1-64>[-<number 1-64>] ] |
| This restricts the list of processes on which this listener is allowed to |
| run. It does not enforce any process but eliminates those which do not match. |
| If the frontend uses a "bind-process" setting, the intersection between the |
| two is applied. If in the end the listener is not allowed to run on any |
| remaining process, a warning is emitted, and the listener will either run on |
| the first process of the listener if a single process was specified, or on |
| all of its processes if multiple processes were specified. For the unlikely |
| case where several ranges are needed, this directive may be repeated. The |
| main purpose of this directive is to be used with the stats sockets and have |
| one different socket per process. The second purpose is to have multiple bind |
| lines sharing the same IP:port but not the same process in a listener, so |
| that the system can distribute the incoming connections into multiple queues |
| and allow a smoother inter-process load balancing. Currently Linux 3.9 and |
| above is known for supporting this. See also "bind-process" and "nbproc". |
| |
| ssl |
| This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. It |
| enables SSL deciphering on connections instantiated from this listener. A |
| certificate is necessary (see "crt" above). All contents in the buffers will |
| appear in clear text, so that ACLs and HTTP processing will only have access |
| to deciphered contents. |
| |
| strict-sni |
| This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. The |
| SSL/TLS negotiation is allow only if the client provided an SNI which match |
| a certificate. The default certificate is not used. |
| See the "crt" option for more information. |
| |
| tcp-ut <delay> |
| Sets the TCP User Timeout for all incoming connections instanciated from this |
| listening socket. This option is available on Linux since version 2.6.37. It |
| allows haproxy to configure a timeout for sockets which contain data not |
| receiving an acknoledgement for the configured delay. This is especially |
| useful on long-lived connections experiencing long idle periods such as |
| remote terminals or database connection pools, where the client and server |
| timeouts must remain high to allow a long period of idle, but where it is |
| important to detect that the client has disappeared in order to release all |
| resources associated with its connection (and the server's session). The |
| argument is a delay expressed in milliseconds by default. This only works |
| for regular TCP connections, and is ignored for other protocols. |
| |
| tfo |
| Is an optional keyword which is supported only on Linux kernels >= 3.7. It |
| enables TCP Fast Open on the listening socket, which means that clients which |
| support this feature will be able to send a request and receive a response |
| during the 3-way handshake starting from second connection, thus saving one |
| round-trip after the first connection. This only makes sense with protocols |
| that use high connection rates and where each round trip matters. This can |
| possibly cause issues with many firewalls which do not accept data on SYN |
| packets, so this option should only be enabled once well tested. This option |
| is only supported on TCPv4/TCPv6 sockets and ignored by other ones. You may |
| need to build HAProxy with USE_TFO=1 if your libc doesn't define |
| TCP_FASTOPEN. |
| |
| tls-ticket-keys <keyfile> |
| Sets the TLS ticket keys file to load the keys from. The keys need to be 48 |
| bytes long, encoded with base64 (ex. openssl rand -base64 48). Number of keys |
| is specified by the TLS_TICKETS_NO build option (default 3) and at least as |
| many keys need to be present in the file. Last TLS_TICKETS_NO keys will be |
| used for decryption and the penultimate one for encryption. This enables easy |
| key rotation by just appending new key to the file and reloading the process. |
| Keys must be periodically rotated (ex. every 12h) or Perfect Forward Secrecy |
| is compromised. It is also a good idea to keep the keys off any permanent |
| storage such as hard drives (hint: use tmpfs and don't swap those files). |
| Lifetime hint can be changed using tune.ssl.timeout. |
| |
| transparent |
| Is an optional keyword which is supported only on certain Linux kernels. It |
| indicates that the addresses will be bound even if they do not belong to the |
| local machine, and that packets targeting any of these addresses will be |
| intercepted just as if the addresses were locally configured. This normally |
| requires that IP forwarding is enabled. Caution! do not use this with the |
| default address '*', as it would redirect any traffic for the specified port. |
| This keyword is available only when HAProxy is built with USE_LINUX_TPROXY=1. |
| This parameter is only compatible with TCPv4 and TCPv6 sockets, depending on |
| kernel version. Some distribution kernels include backports of the feature, |
| so check for support with your vendor. |
| |
| v4v6 |
| Is an optional keyword which is supported only on most recent systems |
| including Linux kernels >= 2.4.21. It is used to bind a socket to both IPv4 |
| and IPv6 when it uses the default address. Doing so is sometimes necessary |
| on systems which bind to IPv6 only by default. It has no effect on non-IPv6 |
| sockets, and is overridden by the "v6only" option. |
| |
| v6only |
| Is an optional keyword which is supported only on most recent systems |
| including Linux kernels >= 2.4.21. It is used to bind a socket to IPv6 only |
| when it uses the default address. Doing so is sometimes preferred to doing it |
| system-wide as it is per-listener. It has no effect on non-IPv6 sockets and |
| has precedence over the "v4v6" option. |
| |
| uid <uid> |
| Sets the owner of the UNIX sockets to the designated system uid. It can also |
| be set by default in the global section's "unix-bind" statement. Note that |
| some platforms simply ignore this. This setting is equivalent to the "user" |
| setting except that the user numeric ID is used instead of its name. This |
| setting is ignored by non UNIX sockets. |
| |
| user <user> |
| Sets the owner of the UNIX sockets to the designated system user. It can also |
| be set by default in the global section's "unix-bind" statement. Note that |
| some platforms simply ignore this. This setting is equivalent to the "uid" |
| setting except that the user name is used instead of its uid. This setting is |
| ignored by non UNIX sockets. |
| |
| verify [none|optional|required] |
| This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. If set |
| to 'none', client certificate is not requested. This is the default. In other |
| cases, a client certificate is requested. If the client does not provide a |
| certificate after the request and if 'verify' is set to 'required', then the |
| handshake is aborted, while it would have succeeded if set to 'optional'. The |
| certificate provided by the client is always verified using CAs from |
| 'ca-file' and optional CRLs from 'crl-file'. On verify failure the handshake |
| is aborted, regardless of the 'verify' option, unless the error code exactly |
| matches one of those listed with 'ca-ignore-err' or 'crt-ignore-err'. |
| |
| 5.2. Server and default-server options |
| ------------------------------------ |
| |
| The "server" and "default-server" keywords support a certain number of settings |
| which are all passed as arguments on the server line. The order in which those |
| arguments appear does not count, and they are all optional. Some of those |
| settings are single words (booleans) while others expect one or several values |
| after them. In this case, the values must immediately follow the setting name. |
| Except default-server, all those settings must be specified after the server's |
| address if they are used: |
| |
| server <name> <address>[:port] [settings ...] |
| default-server [settings ...] |
| |
| The currently supported settings are the following ones. |
| |
| addr <ipv4|ipv6> |
| Using the "addr" parameter, it becomes possible to use a different IP address |
| to send health-checks. On some servers, it may be desirable to dedicate an IP |
| address to specific component able to perform complex tests which are more |
| suitable to health-checks than the application. This parameter is ignored if |
| the "check" parameter is not set. See also the "port" parameter. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| agent-check |
| Enable an auxiliary agent check which is run independently of a regular |
| health check. An agent health check is performed by making a TCP connection |
| to the port set by the "agent-port" parameter and reading an ASCII string. |
| The string is made of a series of words delimited by spaces, tabs or commas |
| in any order, optionally terminated by '\r' and/or '\n', each consisting of : |
| |
| - An ASCII representation of a positive integer percentage, e.g. "75%". |
| Values in this format will set the weight proportional to the initial |
| weight of a server as configured when haproxy starts. Note that a zero |
| weight is reported on the stats page as "DRAIN" since it has the same |
| effect on the server (it's removed from the LB farm). |
| |
| - The word "ready". This will turn the server's administrative state to the |
| READY mode, thus cancelling any DRAIN or MAINT state |
| |
| - The word "drain". This will turn the server's administrative state to the |
| DRAIN mode, thus it will not accept any new connections other than those |
| that are accepted via persistence. |
| |
| - The word "maint". This will turn the server's administrative state to the |
| MAINT mode, thus it will not accept any new connections at all, and health |
| checks will be stopped. |
| |
| - The words "down", "failed", or "stopped", optionally followed by a |
| description string after a sharp ('#'). All of these mark the server's |
| operating state as DOWN, but since the word itself is reported on the stats |
| page, the difference allows an administrator to know if the situation was |
| expected or not : the service may intentionally be stopped, may appear up |
| but fail some validity tests, or may be seen as down (eg: missing process, |
| or port not responding). |
| |
| - The word "up" sets back the server's operating state as UP if health checks |
| also report that the service is accessible. |
| |
| Parameters which are not advertised by the agent are not changed. For |
| example, an agent might be designed to monitor CPU usage and only report a |
| relative weight and never interact with the operating status. Similarly, an |
| agent could be designed as an end-user interface with 3 radio buttons |
| allowing an administrator to change only the administrative state. However, |
| it is important to consider that only the agent may revert its own actions, |
| so if a server is set to DRAIN mode or to DOWN state using the agent, the |
| agent must implement the other equivalent actions to bring the service into |
| operations again. |
| |
| Failure to connect to the agent is not considered an error as connectivity |
| is tested by the regular health check which is enabled by the "check" |
| parameter. Warning though, it is not a good idea to stop an agent after it |
| reports "down", since only an agent reporting "up" will be able to turn the |
| server up again. Note that the CLI on the Unix stats socket is also able to |
| force an agent's result in order to workaround a bogus agent if needed. |
| |
| Requires the "agent-port" parameter to be set. See also the "agent-inter" |
| parameter. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| agent-inter <delay> |
| The "agent-inter" parameter sets the interval between two agent checks |
| to <delay> milliseconds. If left unspecified, the delay defaults to 2000 ms. |
| |
| Just as with every other time-based parameter, it may be entered in any |
| other explicit unit among { us, ms, s, m, h, d }. The "agent-inter" |
| parameter also serves as a timeout for agent checks "timeout check" is |
| not set. In order to reduce "resonance" effects when multiple servers are |
| hosted on the same hardware, the agent and health checks of all servers |
| are started with a small time offset between them. It is also possible to |
| add some random noise in the agent and health checks interval using the |
| global "spread-checks" keyword. This makes sense for instance when a lot |
| of backends use the same servers. |
| |
| See also the "agent-check" and "agent-port" parameters. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: Yes |
| |
| agent-port <port> |
| The "agent-port" parameter sets the TCP port used for agent checks. |
| |
| See also the "agent-check" and "agent-inter" parameters. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: Yes |
| |
| backup |
| When "backup" is present on a server line, the server is only used in load |
| balancing when all other non-backup servers are unavailable. Requests coming |
| with a persistence cookie referencing the server will always be served |
| though. By default, only the first operational backup server is used, unless |
| the "allbackups" option is set in the backend. See also the "allbackups" |
| option. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| ca-file <cafile> |
| This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. It |
| designates a PEM file from which to load CA certificates used to verify |
| server's certificate. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| check |
| This option enables health checks on the server. By default, a server is |
| always considered available. If "check" is set, the server is available when |
| accepting periodic TCP connections, to ensure that it is really able to serve |
| requests. The default address and port to send the tests to are those of the |
| server, and the default source is the same as the one defined in the |
| backend. It is possible to change the address using the "addr" parameter, the |
| port using the "port" parameter, the source address using the "source" |
| address, and the interval and timers using the "inter", "rise" and "fall" |
| parameters. The request method is define in the backend using the "httpchk", |
| "smtpchk", "mysql-check", "pgsql-check" and "ssl-hello-chk" options. Please |
| refer to those options and parameters for more information. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| check-send-proxy |
| This option forces emission of a PROXY protocol line with outgoing health |
| checks, regardless of whether the server uses send-proxy or not for the |
| normal traffic. By default, the PROXY protocol is enabled for health checks |
| if it is already enabled for normal traffic and if no "port" nor "addr" |
| directive is present. However, if such a directive is present, the |
| "check-send-proxy" option needs to be used to force the use of the |
| protocol. See also the "send-proxy" option for more information. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| check-ssl |
| This option forces encryption of all health checks over SSL, regardless of |
| whether the server uses SSL or not for the normal traffic. This is generally |
| used when an explicit "port" or "addr" directive is specified and SSL health |
| checks are not inherited. It is important to understand that this option |
| inserts an SSL transport layer below the checks, so that a simple TCP connect |
| check becomes an SSL connect, which replaces the old ssl-hello-chk. The most |
| common use is to send HTTPS checks by combining "httpchk" with SSL checks. |
| All SSL settings are common to health checks and traffic (eg: ciphers). |
| See the "ssl" option for more information. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| ciphers <ciphers> |
| This option sets the string describing the list of cipher algorithms that is |
| is negotiated during the SSL/TLS handshake with the server. The format of the |
| string is defined in "man 1 ciphers". When SSL is used to communicate with |
| servers on the local network, it is common to see a weaker set of algorithms |
| than what is used over the internet. Doing so reduces CPU usage on both the |
| server and haproxy while still keeping it compatible with deployed software. |
| Some algorithms such as RC4-SHA1 are reasonably cheap. If no security at all |
| is needed and just connectivity, using DES can be appropriate. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| cookie <value> |
| The "cookie" parameter sets the cookie value assigned to the server to |
| <value>. This value will be checked in incoming requests, and the first |
| operational server possessing the same value will be selected. In return, in |
| cookie insertion or rewrite modes, this value will be assigned to the cookie |
| sent to the client. There is nothing wrong in having several servers sharing |
| the same cookie value, and it is in fact somewhat common between normal and |
| backup servers. See also the "cookie" keyword in backend section. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| crl-file <crlfile> |
| This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. It |
| designates a PEM file from which to load certificate revocation list used |
| to verify server's certificate. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| crt <cert> |
| This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. |
| It designates a PEM file from which to load both a certificate and the |
| associated private key. This file can be built by concatenating both PEM |
| files into one. This certificate will be sent if the server send a client |
| certificate request. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| disabled |
| The "disabled" keyword starts the server in the "disabled" state. That means |
| that it is marked down in maintenance mode, and no connection other than the |
| ones allowed by persist mode will reach it. It is very well suited to setup |
| new servers, because normal traffic will never reach them, while it is still |
| possible to test the service by making use of the force-persist mechanism. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| error-limit <count> |
| If health observing is enabled, the "error-limit" parameter specifies the |
| number of consecutive errors that triggers event selected by the "on-error" |
| option. By default it is set to 10 consecutive errors. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: Yes |
| |
| See also the "check", "error-limit" and "on-error". |
| |
| fall <count> |
| The "fall" parameter states that a server will be considered as dead after |
| <count> consecutive unsuccessful health checks. This value defaults to 3 if |
| unspecified. See also the "check", "inter" and "rise" parameters. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: Yes |
| |
| force-sslv3 |
| This option enforces use of SSLv3 only when SSL is used to communicate with |
| the server. SSLv3 is generally less expensive than the TLS counterparts for |
| high connection rates. This option is also available on global statement |
| "ssl-default-server-options". See also "no-tlsv*", "no-sslv3". |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| force-tlsv10 |
| This option enforces use of TLSv1.0 only when SSL is used to communicate with |
| the server. This option is also available on global statement |
| "ssl-default-server-options". See also "no-tlsv*", "no-sslv3". |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| force-tlsv11 |
| This option enforces use of TLSv1.1 only when SSL is used to communicate with |
| the server. This option is also available on global statement |
| "ssl-default-server-options". See also "no-tlsv*", "no-sslv3". |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| force-tlsv12 |
| This option enforces use of TLSv1.2 only when SSL is used to communicate with |
| the server. This option is also available on global statement |
| "ssl-default-server-options". See also "no-tlsv*", "no-sslv3". |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| id <value> |
| Set a persistent ID for the server. This ID must be positive and unique for |
| the proxy. An unused ID will automatically be assigned if unset. The first |
| assigned value will be 1. This ID is currently only returned in statistics. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| inter <delay> |
| fastinter <delay> |
| downinter <delay> |
| The "inter" parameter sets the interval between two consecutive health checks |
| to <delay> milliseconds. If left unspecified, the delay defaults to 2000 ms. |
| It is also possible to use "fastinter" and "downinter" to optimize delays |
| between checks depending on the server state : |
| |
| Server state | Interval used |
| ---------------------------------+----------------------------------------- |
| UP 100% (non-transitional) | "inter" |
| ---------------------------------+----------------------------------------- |
| Transitionally UP (going down), | |
| Transitionally DOWN (going up), | "fastinter" if set, "inter" otherwise. |
| or yet unchecked. | |
| ---------------------------------+----------------------------------------- |
| DOWN 100% (non-transitional) | "downinter" if set, "inter" otherwise. |
| ---------------------------------+----------------------------------------- |
| |
| Just as with every other time-based parameter, they can be entered in any |
| other explicit unit among { us, ms, s, m, h, d }. The "inter" parameter also |
| serves as a timeout for health checks sent to servers if "timeout check" is |
| not set. In order to reduce "resonance" effects when multiple servers are |
| hosted on the same hardware, the agent and health checks of all servers |
| are started with a small time offset between them. It is also possible to |
| add some random noise in the agent and health checks interval using the |
| global "spread-checks" keyword. This makes sense for instance when a lot |
| of backends use the same servers. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: Yes |
| |
| maxconn <maxconn> |
| The "maxconn" parameter specifies the maximal number of concurrent |
| connections that will be sent to this server. If the number of incoming |
| concurrent requests goes higher than this value, they will be queued, waiting |
| for a connection to be released. This parameter is very important as it can |
| save fragile servers from going down under extreme loads. If a "minconn" |
| parameter is specified, the limit becomes dynamic. The default value is "0" |
| which means unlimited. See also the "minconn" and "maxqueue" parameters, and |
| the backend's "fullconn" keyword. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: Yes |
| |
| maxqueue <maxqueue> |
| The "maxqueue" parameter specifies the maximal number of connections which |
| will wait in the queue for this server. If this limit is reached, next |
| requests will be redispatched to other servers instead of indefinitely |
| waiting to be served. This will break persistence but may allow people to |
| quickly re-log in when the server they try to connect to is dying. The |
| default value is "0" which means the queue is unlimited. See also the |
| "maxconn" and "minconn" parameters. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: Yes |
| |
| minconn <minconn> |
| When the "minconn" parameter is set, the maxconn limit becomes a dynamic |
| limit following the backend's load. The server will always accept at least |
| <minconn> connections, never more than <maxconn>, and the limit will be on |
| the ramp between both values when the backend has less than <fullconn> |
| concurrent connections. This makes it possible to limit the load on the |
| server during normal loads, but push it further for important loads without |
| overloading the server during exceptional loads. See also the "maxconn" |
| and "maxqueue" parameters, as well as the "fullconn" backend keyword. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: Yes |
| |
| no-ssl-reuse |
| This option disables SSL session reuse when SSL is used to communicate with |
| the server. It will force the server to perform a full handshake for every |
| new connection. It's probably only useful for benchmarking, troubleshooting, |
| and for paranoid users. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| no-sslv3 |
| This option disables support for SSLv3 when SSL is used to communicate with |
| the server. Note that SSLv2 is disabled in the code and cannot be enabled |
| using any configuration option. See also "force-sslv3", "force-tlsv*". |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| no-tls-tickets |
| This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. It |
| disables the stateless session resumption (RFC 5077 TLS Ticket |
| extension) and force to use stateful session resumption. Stateless |
| session resumption is more expensive in CPU usage for servers. This option |
| is also available on global statement "ssl-default-server-options". |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| no-tlsv10 |
| This option disables support for TLSv1.0 when SSL is used to communicate with |
| the server. Note that SSLv2 is disabled in the code and cannot be enabled |
| using any configuration option. TLSv1 is more expensive than SSLv3 so it |
| often makes sense to disable it when communicating with local servers. This |
| option is also available on global statement "ssl-default-server-options". |
| See also "force-sslv3", "force-tlsv*". |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| no-tlsv11 |
| This option disables support for TLSv1.1 when SSL is used to communicate with |
| the server. Note that SSLv2 is disabled in the code and cannot be enabled |
| using any configuration option. TLSv1 is more expensive than SSLv3 so it |
| often makes sense to disable it when communicating with local servers. This |
| option is also available on global statement "ssl-default-server-options". |
| See also "force-sslv3", "force-tlsv*". |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| no-tlsv12 |
| This option disables support for TLSv1.2 when SSL is used to communicate with |
| the server. Note that SSLv2 is disabled in the code and cannot be enabled |
| using any configuration option. TLSv1 is more expensive than SSLv3 so it |
| often makes sense to disable it when communicating with local servers. This |
| option is also available on global statement "ssl-default-server-options". |
| See also "force-sslv3", "force-tlsv*". |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| non-stick |
| Never add connections allocated to this sever to a stick-table. |
| This may be used in conjunction with backup to ensure that |
| stick-table persistence is disabled for backup servers. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| observe <mode> |
| This option enables health adjusting based on observing communication with |
| the server. By default this functionality is disabled and enabling it also |
| requires to enable health checks. There are two supported modes: "layer4" and |
| "layer7". In layer4 mode, only successful/unsuccessful tcp connections are |
| significant. In layer7, which is only allowed for http proxies, responses |
| received from server are verified, like valid/wrong http code, unparsable |
| headers, a timeout, etc. Valid status codes include 100 to 499, 501 and 505. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| See also the "check", "on-error" and "error-limit". |
| |
| on-error <mode> |
| Select what should happen when enough consecutive errors are detected. |
| Currently, four modes are available: |
| - fastinter: force fastinter |
| - fail-check: simulate a failed check, also forces fastinter (default) |
| - sudden-death: simulate a pre-fatal failed health check, one more failed |
| check will mark a server down, forces fastinter |
| - mark-down: mark the server immediately down and force fastinter |
| |
| Supported in default-server: Yes |
| |
| See also the "check", "observe" and "error-limit". |
| |
| on-marked-down <action> |
| Modify what occurs when a server is marked down. |
| Currently one action is available: |
| - shutdown-sessions: Shutdown peer sessions. When this setting is enabled, |
| all connections to the server are immediately terminated when the server |
| goes down. It might be used if the health check detects more complex cases |
| than a simple connection status, and long timeouts would cause the service |
| to remain unresponsive for too long a time. For instance, a health check |
| might detect that a database is stuck and that there's no chance to reuse |
| existing connections anymore. Connections killed this way are logged with |
| a 'D' termination code (for "Down"). |
| |
| Actions are disabled by default |
| |
| Supported in default-server: Yes |
| |
| on-marked-up <action> |
| Modify what occurs when a server is marked up. |
| Currently one action is available: |
| - shutdown-backup-sessions: Shutdown sessions on all backup servers. This is |
| done only if the server is not in backup state and if it is not disabled |
| (it must have an effective weight > 0). This can be used sometimes to force |
| an active server to take all the traffic back after recovery when dealing |
| with long sessions (eg: LDAP, SQL, ...). Doing this can cause more trouble |
| than it tries to solve (eg: incomplete transactions), so use this feature |
| with extreme care. Sessions killed because a server comes up are logged |
| with an 'U' termination code (for "Up"). |
| |
| Actions are disabled by default |
| |
| Supported in default-server: Yes |
| |
| port <port> |
| Using the "port" parameter, it becomes possible to use a different port to |
| send health-checks. On some servers, it may be desirable to dedicate a port |
| to a specific component able to perform complex tests which are more suitable |
| to health-checks than the application. It is common to run a simple script in |
| inetd for instance. This parameter is ignored if the "check" parameter is not |
| set. See also the "addr" parameter. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: Yes |
| |
| redir <prefix> |
| The "redir" parameter enables the redirection mode for all GET and HEAD |
| requests addressing this server. This means that instead of having HAProxy |
| forward the request to the server, it will send an "HTTP 302" response with |
| the "Location" header composed of this prefix immediately followed by the |
| requested URI beginning at the leading '/' of the path component. That means |
| that no trailing slash should be used after <prefix>. All invalid requests |
| will be rejected, and all non-GET or HEAD requests will be normally served by |
| the server. Note that since the response is completely forged, no header |
| mangling nor cookie insertion is possible in the response. However, cookies in |
| requests are still analysed, making this solution completely usable to direct |
| users to a remote location in case of local disaster. Main use consists in |
| increasing bandwidth for static servers by having the clients directly |
| connect to them. Note: never use a relative location here, it would cause a |
| loop between the client and HAProxy! |
| |
| Example : server srv1 192.168.1.1:80 redir http://image1.mydomain.com check |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| rise <count> |
| The "rise" parameter states that a server will be considered as operational |
| after <count> consecutive successful health checks. This value defaults to 2 |
| if unspecified. See also the "check", "inter" and "fall" parameters. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: Yes |
| |
| send-proxy |
| The "send-proxy" parameter enforces use of the PROXY protocol over any |
| connection established to this server. The PROXY protocol informs the other |
| end about the layer 3/4 addresses of the incoming connection, so that it can |
| know the client's address or the public address it accessed to, whatever the |
| upper layer protocol. For connections accepted by an "accept-proxy" listener, |
| the advertised address will be used. Only TCPv4 and TCPv6 address families |
| are supported. Other families such as Unix sockets, will report an UNKNOWN |
| family. Servers using this option can fully be chained to another instance of |
| haproxy listening with an "accept-proxy" setting. This setting must not be |
| used if the server isn't aware of the protocol. When health checks are sent |
| to the server, the PROXY protocol is automatically used when this option is |
| set, unless there is an explicit "port" or "addr" directive, in which case an |
| explicit "check-send-proxy" directive would also be needed to use the PROXY |
| protocol. See also the "accept-proxy" option of the "bind" keyword. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| send-proxy-v2 |
| The "send-proxy-v2" parameter enforces use of the PROXY protocol version 2 |
| over any connection established to this server. The PROXY protocol informs |
| the other end about the layer 3/4 addresses of the incoming connection, so |
| that it can know the client's address or the public address it accessed to, |
| whatever the upper layer protocol. This setting must not be used if the |
| server isn't aware of this version of the protocol. See also the "send-proxy" |
| option of the "bind" keyword. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| send-proxy-v2-ssl |
| The "send-proxy-v2-ssl" parameter enforces use of the PROXY protocol version |
| 2 over any connection established to this server. The PROXY protocol informs |
| the other end about the layer 3/4 addresses of the incoming connection, so |
| that it can know the client's address or the public address it accessed to, |
| whatever the upper layer protocol. In addition, the SSL information extension |
| of the PROXY protocol is added to the PROXY protocol header. This setting |
| must not be used if the server isn't aware of this version of the protocol. |
| See also the "send-proxy-v2" option of the "bind" keyword. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| send-proxy-v2-ssl-cn |
| The "send-proxy-v2-ssl" parameter enforces use of the PROXY protocol version |
| 2 over any connection established to this server. The PROXY protocol informs |
| the other end about the layer 3/4 addresses of the incoming connection, so |
| that it can know the client's address or the public address it accessed to, |
| whatever the upper layer protocol. In addition, the SSL information extension |
| of the PROXY protocol, along along with the Common Name from the subject of |
| the client certificate (if any), is added to the PROXY protocol header. This |
| setting must not be used if the server isn't aware of this version of the |
| protocol. See also the "send-proxy-v2" option of the "bind" keyword. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| slowstart <start_time_in_ms> |
| The "slowstart" parameter for a server accepts a value in milliseconds which |
| indicates after how long a server which has just come back up will run at |
| full speed. Just as with every other time-based parameter, it can be entered |
| in any other explicit unit among { us, ms, s, m, h, d }. The speed grows |
| linearly from 0 to 100% during this time. The limitation applies to two |
| parameters : |
| |
| - maxconn: the number of connections accepted by the server will grow from 1 |
| to 100% of the usual dynamic limit defined by (minconn,maxconn,fullconn). |
| |
| - weight: when the backend uses a dynamic weighted algorithm, the weight |
| grows linearly from 1 to 100%. In this case, the weight is updated at every |
| health-check. For this reason, it is important that the "inter" parameter |
| is smaller than the "slowstart", in order to maximize the number of steps. |
| |
| The slowstart never applies when haproxy starts, otherwise it would cause |
| trouble to running servers. It only applies when a server has been previously |
| seen as failed. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: Yes |
| |
| source <addr>[:<pl>[-<ph>]] [usesrc { <addr2>[:<port2>] | client | clientip } ] |
| source <addr>[:<port>] [usesrc { <addr2>[:<port2>] | hdr_ip(<hdr>[,<occ>]) } ] |
| source <addr>[:<pl>[-<ph>]] [interface <name>] ... |
| The "source" parameter sets the source address which will be used when |
| connecting to the server. It follows the exact same parameters and principle |
| as the backend "source" keyword, except that it only applies to the server |
| referencing it. Please consult the "source" keyword for details. |
| |
| Additionally, the "source" statement on a server line allows one to specify a |
| source port range by indicating the lower and higher bounds delimited by a |
| dash ('-'). Some operating systems might require a valid IP address when a |
| source port range is specified. It is permitted to have the same IP/range for |
| several servers. Doing so makes it possible to bypass the maximum of 64k |
| total concurrent connections. The limit will then reach 64k connections per |
| server. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| ssl |
| This option enables SSL ciphering on outgoing connections to the server. It |
| is critical to verify server certificates using "verify" when using SSL to |
| connect to servers, otherwise the communication is prone to trivial man in |
| the-middle attacks rendering SSL useless. When this option is used, health |
| checks are automatically sent in SSL too unless there is a "port" or an |
| "addr" directive indicating the check should be sent to a different location. |
| See the "check-ssl" option to force SSL health checks. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| track [<proxy>/]<server> |
| This option enables ability to set the current state of the server by tracking |
| another one. It is possible to track a server which itself tracks another |
| server, provided that at the end of the chain, a server has health checks |
| enabled. If <proxy> is omitted the current one is used. If disable-on-404 is |
| used, it has to be enabled on both proxies. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| verify [none|required] |
| This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. If set |
| to 'none', server certificate is not verified. In the other case, The |
| certificate provided by the server is verified using CAs from 'ca-file' |
| and optional CRLs from 'crl-file'. If 'ssl_server_verify' is not specified |
| in global section, this is the default. On verify failure the handshake |
| is aborted. It is critically important to verify server certificates when |
| using SSL to connect to servers, otherwise the communication is prone to |
| trivial man-in-the-middle attacks rendering SSL totally useless. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| verifyhost <hostname> |
| This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in, and |
| only takes effect if 'verify required' is also specified. When set, the |
| hostnames in the subject and subjectAlternateNames of the certificate |
| provided by the server are checked. If none of the hostnames in the |
| certificate match the specified hostname, the handshake is aborted. The |
| hostnames in the server-provided certificate may include wildcards. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: No |
| |
| weight <weight> |
| The "weight" parameter is used to adjust the server's weight relative to |
| other servers. All servers will receive a load proportional to their weight |
| relative to the sum of all weights, so the higher the weight, the higher the |
| load. The default weight is 1, and the maximal value is 256. A value of 0 |
| means the server will not participate in load-balancing but will still accept |
| persistent connections. If this parameter is used to distribute the load |
| according to server's capacity, it is recommended to start with values which |
| can both grow and shrink, for instance between 10 and 100 to leave enough |
| room above and below for later adjustments. |
| |
| Supported in default-server: Yes |
| |
| |
| 6. HTTP header manipulation |
| --------------------------- |
| |
| In HTTP mode, it is possible to rewrite, add or delete some of the request and |
| response headers based on regular expressions. It is also possible to block a |
| request or a response if a particular header matches a regular expression, |
| which is enough to stop most elementary protocol attacks, and to protect |
| against information leak from the internal network. |
| |
| If HAProxy encounters an "Informational Response" (status code 1xx), it is able |
| to process all rsp* rules which can allow, deny, rewrite or delete a header, |
| but it will refuse to add a header to any such messages as this is not |
| HTTP-compliant. The reason for still processing headers in such responses is to |
| stop and/or fix any possible information leak which may happen, for instance |
| because another downstream equipment would unconditionally add a header, or if |
| a server name appears there. When such messages are seen, normal processing |
| still occurs on the next non-informational messages. |
| |
| This section covers common usage of the following keywords, described in detail |
| in section 4.2 : |
| |
| - reqadd <string> |
| - reqallow <search> |
| - reqiallow <search> |
| - reqdel <search> |
| - reqidel <search> |
| - reqdeny <search> |
| - reqideny <search> |
| - reqpass <search> |
| - reqipass <search> |
| - reqrep <search> <replace> |
| - reqirep <search> <replace> |
| - reqtarpit <search> |
| - reqitarpit <search> |
| - rspadd <string> |
| - rspdel <search> |
| - rspidel <search> |
| - rspdeny <search> |
| - rspideny <search> |
| - rsprep <search> <replace> |
| - rspirep <search> <replace> |
| |
| With all these keywords, the same conventions are used. The <search> parameter |
| is a POSIX extended regular expression (regex) which supports grouping through |
| parenthesis (without the backslash). Spaces and other delimiters must be |
| prefixed with a backslash ('\') to avoid confusion with a field delimiter. |
| Other characters may be prefixed with a backslash to change their meaning : |
| |
| \t for a tab |
| \r for a carriage return (CR) |
| \n for a new line (LF) |
| \ to mark a space and differentiate it from a delimiter |
| \# to mark a sharp and differentiate it from a comment |
| \\ to use a backslash in a regex |
| \\\\ to use a backslash in the text (*2 for regex, *2 for haproxy) |
| \xXX to write the ASCII hex code XX as in the C language |
| |
| The <replace> parameter contains the string to be used to replace the largest |
| portion of text matching the regex. It can make use of the special characters |
| above, and can reference a substring which is delimited by parenthesis in the |
| regex, by writing a backslash ('\') immediately followed by one digit from 0 to |
| 9 indicating the group position (0 designating the entire line). This practice |
| is very common to users of the "sed" program. |
| |
| The <string> parameter represents the string which will systematically be added |
| after the last header line. It can also use special character sequences above. |
| |
| Notes related to these keywords : |
| --------------------------------- |
| - these keywords are not always convenient to allow/deny based on header |
| contents. It is strongly recommended to use ACLs with the "block" keyword |
| instead, resulting in far more flexible and manageable rules. |
| |
| - lines are always considered as a whole. It is not possible to reference |
| a header name only or a value only. This is important because of the way |
| headers are written (notably the number of spaces after the colon). |
| |
| - the first line is always considered as a header, which makes it possible to |
| rewrite or filter HTTP requests URIs or response codes, but in turn makes |
| it harder to distinguish between headers and request line. The regex prefix |
| ^[^\ \t]*[\ \t] matches any HTTP method followed by a space, and the prefix |
| ^[^ \t:]*: matches any header name followed by a colon. |
| |
| - for performances reasons, the number of characters added to a request or to |
| a response is limited at build time to values between 1 and 4 kB. This |
| should normally be far more than enough for most usages. If it is too short |
| on occasional usages, it is possible to gain some space by removing some |
| useless headers before adding new ones. |
| |
| - keywords beginning with "reqi" and "rspi" are the same as their counterpart |
| without the 'i' letter except that they ignore case when matching patterns. |
| |
| - when a request passes through a frontend then a backend, all req* rules |
| from the frontend will be evaluated, then all req* rules from the backend |
| will be evaluated. The reverse path is applied to responses. |
| |
| - req* statements are applied after "block" statements, so that "block" is |
| always the first one, but before "use_backend" in order to permit rewriting |
| before switching. |
| |
| |
| 7. Using ACLs and fetching samples |
| ---------------------------------- |
| |
| Haproxy is capable of extracting data from request or response streams, from |
| client or server information, from tables, environmental information etc... |
| The action of extracting such data is called fetching a sample. Once retrieved, |
| these samples may be used for various purposes such as a key to a stick-table, |
| but most common usages consist in matching them against predefined constant |
| data called patterns. |
| |
| |
| 7.1. ACL basics |
| --------------- |
| |
| The use of Access Control Lists (ACL) provides a flexible solution to perform |
| content switching and generally to take decisions based on content extracted |
| from the request, the response or any environmental status. The principle is |
| simple : |
| |
| - extract a data sample from a stream, table or the environment |
| - optionally apply some format conversion to the extracted sample |
| - apply one or multiple pattern matching methods on this sample |
| - perform actions only when a pattern matches the sample |
| |
| The actions generally consist in blocking a request, selecting a backend, or |
| adding a header. |
| |
| In order to define a test, the "acl" keyword is used. The syntax is : |
| |
| acl <aclname> <criterion> [flags] [operator] [<value>] ... |
| |
| This creates a new ACL <aclname> or completes an existing one with new tests. |
| Those tests apply to the portion of request/response specified in <criterion> |
| and may be adjusted with optional flags [flags]. Some criteria also support |
| an operator which may be specified before the set of values. Optionally some |
| conversion operators may be applied to the sample, and they will be specified |
| as a comma-delimited list of keywords just after the first keyword. The values |
| are of the type supported by the criterion, and are separated by spaces. |
| |
| ACL names must be formed from upper and lower case letters, digits, '-' (dash), |
| '_' (underscore) , '.' (dot) and ':' (colon). ACL names are case-sensitive, |
| which means that "my_acl" and "My_Acl" are two different ACLs. |
| |
| There is no enforced limit to the number of ACLs. The unused ones do not affect |
| performance, they just consume a small amount of memory. |
| |
| The criterion generally is the name of a sample fetch method, or one of its ACL |
| specific declinations. The default test method is implied by the output type of |
| this sample fetch method. The ACL declinations can describe alternate matching |
| methods of a same sample fetch method. The sample fetch methods are the only |
| ones supporting a conversion. |
| |
| Sample fetch methods return data which can be of the following types : |
| - boolean |
| - integer (signed or unsigned) |
| - IPv4 or IPv6 address |
| - string |
| - data block |
| |
| Converters transform any of these data into any of these. For example, some |
| converters might convert a string to a lower-case string while other ones |
| would turn a string to an IPv4 address, or apply a netmask to an IP address. |
| The resulting sample is of the type of the last converter applied to the list, |
| which defaults to the type of the sample fetch method. |
| |
| Each sample or converter returns data of a specific type, specified with its |
| keyword in this documentation. When an ACL is declared using a standard sample |
| fetch method, certain types automatically involved a default matching method |
| which are summarized in the table below : |
| |
| +---------------------+-----------------+ |
| | Sample or converter | Default | |
| | output type | matching method | |
| +---------------------+-----------------+ |
| | boolean | bool | |
| +---------------------+-----------------+ |
| | integer | int | |
| +---------------------+-----------------+ |
| | ip | ip | |
| +---------------------+-----------------+ |
| | string | str | |
| +---------------------+-----------------+ |
| | binary | none, use "-m" | |
| +---------------------+-----------------+ |
| |
| Note that in order to match a binary samples, it is mandatory to specify a |
| matching method, see below. |
| |
| The ACL engine can match these types against patterns of the following types : |
| - boolean |
| - integer or integer range |
| - IP address / network |
| - string (exact, substring, suffix, prefix, subdir, domain) |
| - regular expression |
| - hex block |
| |
| The following ACL flags are currently supported : |
| |
| -i : ignore case during matching of all subsequent patterns. |
| -f : load patterns from a file. |
| -m : use a specific pattern matching method |
| -n : forbid the DNS resolutions |
| -M : load the file pointed by -f like a map file. |
| -u : force the unique id of the ACL |
| -- : force end of flags. Useful when a string looks like one of the flags. |
| |
| The "-f" flag is followed by the name of a file from which all lines will be |
| read as individual values. It is even possible to pass multiple "-f" arguments |
| if the patterns are to be loaded from multiple files. Empty lines as well as |
| lines beginning with a sharp ('#') will be ignored. All leading spaces and tabs |
| will be stripped. If it is absolutely necessary to insert a valid pattern |
| beginning with a sharp, just prefix it with a space so that it is not taken for |
| a comment. Depending on the data type and match method, haproxy may load the |
| lines into a binary tree, allowing very fast lookups. This is true for IPv4 and |
| exact string matching. In this case, duplicates will automatically be removed. |
| |
| The "-M" flag allows an ACL to use a map file. If this flag is set, the file is |
| parsed as two column file. The first column contains the patterns used by the |
| ACL, and the second column contain the samples. The sample can be used later by |
| a map. This can be useful in some rare cases where an ACL would just be used to |
| check for the existence of a pattern in a map before a mapping is applied. |
| |
| The "-u" flag forces the unique id of the ACL. This unique id is used with the |
| socket interface to identify ACL and dynamically change its values. Note that a |
| file is always identified by its name even if an id is set. |
| |
| Also, note that the "-i" flag applies to subsequent entries and not to entries |
| loaded from files preceding it. For instance : |
| |
| acl valid-ua hdr(user-agent) -f exact-ua.lst -i -f generic-ua.lst test |
| |
| In this example, each line of "exact-ua.lst" will be exactly matched against |
| the "user-agent" header of the request. Then each line of "generic-ua" will be |
| case-insensitively matched. Then the word "test" will be insensitively matched |
| as well. |
| |
| The "-m" flag is used to select a specific pattern matching method on the input |
| sample. All ACL-specific criteria imply a pattern matching method and generally |
| do not need this flag. However, this flag is useful with generic sample fetch |
| methods to describe how they're going to be matched against the patterns. This |
| is required for sample fetches which return data type for which there is no |
| obvious matching method (eg: string or binary). When "-m" is specified and |
| followed by a pattern matching method name, this method is used instead of the |
| default one for the criterion. This makes it possible to match contents in ways |
| that were not initially planned, or with sample fetch methods which return a |
| string. The matching method also affects the way the patterns are parsed. |
| |
| The "-n" flag forbids the dns resolutions. It is used with the load of ip files. |
| By default, if the parser cannot parse ip address it considers that the parsed |
| string is maybe a domain name and try dns resolution. The flag "-n" disable this |
| resolution. It is useful for detecting malformed ip lists. Note that if the DNS |
| server is not reachable, the haproxy configuration parsing may last many minutes |
| waiting fir the timeout. During this time no error messages are displayed. The |
| flag "-n" disable this behavior. Note also that during the runtime, this |
| function is disabled for the dynamic acl modifications. |
| |
| There are some restrictions however. Not all methods can be used with all |
| sample fetch methods. Also, if "-m" is used in conjunction with "-f", it must |
| be placed first. The pattern matching method must be one of the following : |
| |
| - "found" : only check if the requested sample could be found in the stream, |
| but do not compare it against any pattern. It is recommended not |
| to pass any pattern to avoid confusion. This matching method is |
| particularly useful to detect presence of certain contents such |
| as headers, cookies, etc... even if they are empty and without |
| comparing them to anything nor counting them. |
| |
| - "bool" : check the value as a boolean. It can only be applied to fetches |
| which return a boolean or integer value, and takes no pattern. |
| Value zero or false does not match, all other values do match. |
| |
| - "int" : match the value as an integer. It can be used with integer and |
| boolean samples. Boolean false is integer 0, true is integer 1. |
| |
| - "ip" : match the value as an IPv4 or IPv6 address. It is compatible |
| with IP address samples only, so it is implied and never needed. |
| |
| - "bin" : match the contents against an hexadecimal string representing a |
| binary sequence. This may be used with binary or string samples. |
| |
| - "len" : match the sample's length as an integer. This may be used with |
| binary or string samples. |
| |
| - "str" : exact match : match the contents against a string. This may be |
| used with binary or string samples. |
| |
| - "sub" : substring match : check that the contents contain at least one of |
| the provided string patterns. This may be used with binary or |
| string samples. |
| |
| - "reg" : regex match : match the contents against a list of regular |
| expressions. This may be used with binary or string samples. |
| |
| - "beg" : prefix match : check that the contents begin like the provided |
| string patterns. This may be used with binary or string samples. |
| |
| - "end" : suffix match : check that the contents end like the provided |
| string patterns. This may be used with binary or string samples. |
| |
| - "dir" : subdir match : check that a slash-delimited portion of the |
| contents exactly matches one of the provided string patterns. |
| This may be used with binary or string samples. |
| |
| - "dom" : domain match : check that a dot-delimited portion of the contents |
| exactly match one of the provided string patterns. This may be |
| used with binary or string samples. |
| |
| For example, to quickly detect the presence of cookie "JSESSIONID" in an HTTP |
| request, it is possible to do : |
| |
| acl jsess_present cook(JSESSIONID) -m found |
| |
| In order to apply a regular expression on the 500 first bytes of data in the |
| buffer, one would use the following acl : |
| |
| acl script_tag payload(0,500) -m reg -i <script> |
| |
| On systems where the regex library is much slower when using "-i", it is |
| possible to convert the sample to lowercase before matching, like this : |
| |
| acl script_tag payload(0,500),lower -m reg <script> |
| |
| All ACL-specific criteria imply a default matching method. Most often, these |
| criteria are composed by concatenating the name of the original sample fetch |
| method and the matching method. For example, "hdr_beg" applies the "beg" match |
| to samples retrieved using the "hdr" fetch method. Since all ACL-specific |
| criteria rely on a sample fetch method, it is always possible instead to use |
| the original sample fetch method and the explicit matching method using "-m". |
| |
| If an alternate match is specified using "-m" on an ACL-specific criterion, |
| the matching method is simply applied to the underlying sample fetch method. |
| For example, all ACLs below are exact equivalent : |
| |
| acl short_form hdr_beg(host) www. |
| acl alternate1 hdr_beg(host) -m beg www. |
| acl alternate2 hdr_dom(host) -m beg www. |
| acl alternate3 hdr(host) -m beg www. |
| |
| |
| The table below summarizes the compatibility matrix between sample or converter |
| types and the pattern types to fetch against. It indicates for each compatible |
| combination the name of the matching method to be used, surrounded with angle |
| brackets ">" and "<" when the method is the default one and will work by |
| default without "-m". |
| |
| +-------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Input sample type | |
| +----------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ |
| | pattern type | boolean | integer | ip | string | binary | |
| +----------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ |
| | none (presence only) | found | found | found | found | found | |
| +----------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ |
| | none (boolean value) |> bool <| bool | | bool | | |
| +----------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ |
| | integer (value) | int |> int <| int | int | | |
| +----------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ |
| | integer (length) | len | len | len | len | len | |
| +----------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ |
| | IP address | | |> ip <| ip | ip | |
| +----------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ |
| | exact string | str | str | str |> str <| str | |
| +----------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ |
| | prefix | beg | beg | beg | beg | beg | |
| +----------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ |
| | suffix | end | end | end | end | end | |
| +----------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ |
| | substring | sub | sub | sub | sub | sub | |
| +----------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ |
| | subdir | dir | dir | dir | dir | dir | |
| +----------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ |
| | domain | dom | dom | dom | dom | dom | |
| +----------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ |
| | regex | reg | reg | reg | reg | reg | |
| +----------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ |
| | hex block | | | | bin | bin | |
| +----------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ |
| |
| |
| 7.1.1. Matching booleans |
| ------------------------ |
| |
| In order to match a boolean, no value is needed and all values are ignored. |
| Boolean matching is used by default for all fetch methods of type "boolean". |
| When boolean matching is used, the fetched value is returned as-is, which means |
| that a boolean "true" will always match and a boolean "false" will never match. |
| |
| Boolean matching may also be enforced using "-m bool" on fetch methods which |
| return an integer value. Then, integer value 0 is converted to the boolean |
| "false" and all other values are converted to "true". |
| |
| |
| 7.1.2. Matching integers |
| ------------------------ |
| |
| Integer matching applies by default to integer fetch methods. It can also be |
| enforced on boolean fetches using "-m int". In this case, "false" is converted |
| to the integer 0, and "true" is converted to the integer 1. |
| |
| Integer matching also supports integer ranges and operators. Note that integer |
| matching only applies to positive values. A range is a value expressed with a |
| lower and an upper bound separated with a colon, both of which may be omitted. |
| |
| For instance, "1024:65535" is a valid range to represent a range of |
| unprivileged ports, and "1024:" would also work. "0:1023" is a valid |
| representation of privileged ports, and ":1023" would also work. |
| |
| As a special case, some ACL functions support decimal numbers which are in fact |
| two integers separated by a dot. This is used with some version checks for |
| instance. All integer properties apply to those decimal numbers, including |
| ranges and operators. |
| |
| For an easier usage, comparison operators are also supported. Note that using |
| operators with ranges does not make much sense and is strongly discouraged. |
| Similarly, it does not make much sense to perform order comparisons with a set |
| of values. |
| |
| Available operators for integer matching are : |
| |
| eq : true if the tested value equals at least one value |
| ge : true if the tested value is greater than or equal to at least one value |
| gt : true if the tested value is greater than at least one value |
| le : true if the tested value is less than or equal to at least one value |
| lt : true if the tested value is less than at least one value |
| |
| For instance, the following ACL matches any negative Content-Length header : |
| |
| acl negative-length hdr_val(content-length) lt 0 |
| |
| This one matches SSL versions between 3.0 and 3.1 (inclusive) : |
| |
| acl sslv3 req_ssl_ver 3:3.1 |
| |
| |
| 7.1.3. Matching strings |
| ----------------------- |
| |
| String matching applies to string or binary fetch methods, and exists in 6 |
| different forms : |
| |
| - exact match (-m str) : the extracted string must exactly match the |
| patterns ; |
| |
| - substring match (-m sub) : the patterns are looked up inside the |
| extracted string, and the ACL matches if any of them is found inside ; |
| |
| - prefix match (-m beg) : the patterns are compared with the beginning of |
| the extracted string, and the ACL matches if any of them matches. |
| |
| - suffix match (-m end) : the patterns are compared with the end of the |
| extracted string, and the ACL matches if any of them matches. |
| |
| - subdir match (-m sub) : the patterns are looked up inside the extracted |
| string, delimited with slashes ("/"), and the ACL matches if any of them |
| matches. |
| |
| - domain match (-m dom) : the patterns are looked up inside the extracted |
| string, delimited with dots ("."), and the ACL matches if any of them |
| matches. |
| |
| String matching applies to verbatim strings as they are passed, with the |
| exception of the backslash ("\") which makes it possible to escape some |
| characters such as the space. If the "-i" flag is passed before the first |
| string, then the matching will be performed ignoring the case. In order |
| to match the string "-i", either set it second, or pass the "--" flag |
| before the first string. Same applies of course to match the string "--". |
| |
| |
| 7.1.4. Matching regular expressions (regexes) |
| --------------------------------------------- |
| |
| Just like with string matching, regex matching applies to verbatim strings as |
| they are passed, with the exception of the backslash ("\") which makes it |
| possible to escape some characters such as the space. If the "-i" flag is |
| passed before the first regex, then the matching will be performed ignoring |
| the case. In order to match the string "-i", either set it second, or pass |
| the "--" flag before the first string. Same principle applies of course to |
| match the string "--". |
| |
| |
| 7.1.5. Matching arbitrary data blocks |
| ------------------------------------- |
| |
| It is possible to match some extracted samples against a binary block which may |
| not safely be represented as a string. For this, the patterns must be passed as |
| a series of hexadecimal digits in an even number, when the match method is set |
| to binary. Each sequence of two digits will represent a byte. The hexadecimal |
| digits may be used upper or lower case. |
| |
| Example : |
| # match "Hello\n" in the input stream (\x48 \x65 \x6c \x6c \x6f \x0a) |
| acl hello payload(0,6) -m bin 48656c6c6f0a |
| |
| |
| 7.1.6. Matching IPv4 and IPv6 addresses |
| --------------------------------------- |
| |
| IPv4 addresses values can be specified either as plain addresses or with a |
| netmask appended, in which case the IPv4 address matches whenever it is |
| within the network. Plain addresses may also be replaced with a resolvable |
| host name, but this practice is generally discouraged as it makes it more |
| difficult to read and debug configurations. If hostnames are used, you should |
| at least ensure that they are present in /etc/hosts so that the configuration |
| does not depend on any random DNS match at the moment the configuration is |
| parsed. |
| |
| IPv6 may be entered in their usual form, with or without a netmask appended. |
| Only bit counts are accepted for IPv6 netmasks. In order to avoid any risk of |
| trouble with randomly resolved IP addresses, host names are never allowed in |
| IPv6 patterns. |
| |
| HAProxy is also able to match IPv4 addresses with IPv6 addresses in the |
| following situations : |
| - tested address is IPv4, pattern address is IPv4, the match applies |
| in IPv4 using the supplied mask if any. |
| - tested address is IPv6, pattern address is IPv6, the match applies |
| in IPv6 using the supplied mask if any. |
| - tested address is IPv6, pattern address is IPv4, the match applies in IPv4 |
| using the pattern's mask if the IPv6 address matches with 2002:IPV4::, |
| ::IPV4 or ::ffff:IPV4, otherwise it fails. |
| - tested address is IPv4, pattern address is IPv6, the IPv4 address is first |
| converted to IPv6 by prefixing ::ffff: in front of it, then the match is |
| applied in IPv6 using the supplied IPv6 mask. |
| |
| |
| 7.2. Using ACLs to form conditions |
| ---------------------------------- |
| |
| Some actions are only performed upon a valid condition. A condition is a |
| combination of ACLs with operators. 3 operators are supported : |
| |
| - AND (implicit) |
| - OR (explicit with the "or" keyword or the "||" operator) |
| - Negation with the exclamation mark ("!") |
| |
| A condition is formed as a disjunctive form: |
| |
| [!]acl1 [!]acl2 ... [!]acln { or [!]acl1 [!]acl2 ... [!]acln } ... |
| |
| Such conditions are generally used after an "if" or "unless" statement, |
| indicating when the condition will trigger the action. |
| |
| For instance, to block HTTP requests to the "*" URL with methods other than |
| "OPTIONS", as well as POST requests without content-length, and GET or HEAD |
| requests with a content-length greater than 0, and finally every request which |
| is not either GET/HEAD/POST/OPTIONS ! |
| |
| acl missing_cl hdr_cnt(Content-length) eq 0 |
| block if HTTP_URL_STAR !METH_OPTIONS || METH_POST missing_cl |
| block if METH_GET HTTP_CONTENT |
| block unless METH_GET or METH_POST or METH_OPTIONS |
| |
| To select a different backend for requests to static contents on the "www" site |
| and to every request on the "img", "video", "download" and "ftp" hosts : |
| |
| acl url_static path_beg /static /images /img /css |
| acl url_static path_end .gif .png .jpg .css .js |
| acl host_www hdr_beg(host) -i www |
| acl host_static hdr_beg(host) -i img. video. download. ftp. |
| |
| # now use backend "static" for all static-only hosts, and for static urls |
| # of host "www". Use backend "www" for the rest. |
| use_backend static if host_static or host_www url_static |
| use_backend www if host_www |
| |
| It is also possible to form rules using "anonymous ACLs". Those are unnamed ACL |
| expressions that are built on the fly without needing to be declared. They must |
| be enclosed between braces, with a space before and after each brace (because |
| the braces must be seen as independent words). Example : |
| |
| The following rule : |
| |
| acl missing_cl hdr_cnt(Content-length) eq 0 |
| block if METH_POST missing_cl |
| |
| Can also be written that way : |
| |
| block if METH_POST { hdr_cnt(Content-length) eq 0 } |
| |
| It is generally not recommended to use this construct because it's a lot easier |
| to leave errors in the configuration when written that way. However, for very |
| simple rules matching only one source IP address for instance, it can make more |
| sense to use them than to declare ACLs with random names. Another example of |
| good use is the following : |
| |
| With named ACLs : |
| |
| acl site_dead nbsrv(dynamic) lt 2 |
| acl site_dead nbsrv(static) lt 2 |
| monitor fail if site_dead |
| |
| With anonymous ACLs : |
| |
| monitor fail if { nbsrv(dynamic) lt 2 } || { nbsrv(static) lt 2 } |
| |
| See section 4.2 for detailed help on the "block" and "use_backend" keywords. |
| |
| |
| 7.3. Fetching samples |
| --------------------- |
| |
| Historically, sample fetch methods were only used to retrieve data to match |
| against patterns using ACLs. With the arrival of stick-tables, a new class of |
| sample fetch methods was created, most often sharing the same syntax as their |
| ACL counterpart. These sample fetch methods are also known as "fetches". As |
| of now, ACLs and fetches have converged. All ACL fetch methods have been made |
| available as fetch methods, and ACLs may use any sample fetch method as well. |
| |
| This section details all available sample fetch methods and their output type. |
| Some sample fetch methods have deprecated aliases that are used to maintain |
| compatibility with existing configurations. They are then explicitly marked as |
| deprecated and should not be used in new setups. |
| |
| The ACL derivatives are also indicated when available, with their respective |
| matching methods. These ones all have a well defined default pattern matching |
| method, so it is never necessary (though allowed) to pass the "-m" option to |
| indicate how the sample will be matched using ACLs. |
| |
| As indicated in the sample type versus matching compatibility matrix above, |
| when using a generic sample fetch method in an ACL, the "-m" option is |
| mandatory unless the sample type is one of boolean, integer, IPv4 or IPv6. When |
| the same keyword exists as an ACL keyword and as a standard fetch method, the |
| ACL engine will automatically pick the ACL-only one by default. |
| |
| Some of these keywords support one or multiple mandatory arguments, and one or |
| multiple optional arguments. These arguments are strongly typed and are checked |
| when the configuration is parsed so that there is no risk of running with an |
| incorrect argument (eg: an unresolved backend name). Fetch function arguments |
| are passed between parenthesis and are delimited by commas. When an argument |
| is optional, it will be indicated below between square brackets ('[ ]'). When |
| all arguments are optional, the parenthesis may be omitted. |
| |
| Thus, the syntax of a standard sample fetch method is one of the following : |
| - name |
| - name(arg1) |
| - name(arg1,arg2) |
| |
| |
| 7.3.1. Converters |
| ----------------- |
| |
| Sample fetch methods may be combined with transformations to be applied on top |
| of the fetched sample (also called "converters"). These combinations form what |
| is called "sample expressions" and the result is a "sample". Initially this |
| was only supported by "stick on" and "stick store-request" directives but this |
| has now be extended to all places where samples may be used (acls, log-format, |
| unique-id-format, add-header, ...). |
| |
| These transformations are enumerated as a series of specific keywords after the |
| sample fetch method. These keywords may equally be appended immediately after |
| the fetch keyword's argument, delimited by a comma. These keywords can also |
| support some arguments (eg: a netmask) which must be passed in parenthesis. |
| |
| A certain category of converters are bitwise and arithmetic operators which |
| support performing basic operations on integers. Some bitwise operations are |
| supported (and, or, xor, cpl) and some arithmetic operations are supported |
| (add, sub, mul, div, mod, neg). Some comparators are provided (odd, even, not, |
| bool) which make it possible to report a match without having to write an ACL. |
| |
| The currently available list of transformation keywords include : |
| |
| add(<value>) |
| Adds <value> to the input value of type unsigned integer, and returns the |
| result as an unsigned integer. |
| |
| and(<value>) |
| Performs a bitwise "AND" between <value> and the input value of type unsigned |
| integer, and returns the result as an unsigned integer. |
| |
| base64 |
| Converts a binary input sample to a base64 string. It is used to log or |
| transfer binary content in a way that can be reliably transferred (eg: |
| an SSL ID can be copied in a header). |
| |
| bool |
| Returns a boolean TRUE if the input value of type unsigned integer is |
| non-null, otherwise returns FALSE. Used in conjunction with and(), it can be |
| used to report true/false for bit testing on input values (eg: verify the |
| presence of a flag). |
| |
| bytes(<offset>[,<length>]) |
| Extracts some bytes from an input binary sample. The result is a binary |
| sample starting at an offset (in bytes) of the original sample and |
| optionnaly truncated at the given length. |
| |
| cpl |
| Takes the input value of type unsigned integer, applies a twos-complement |
| (flips all bits) and returns the result as an unsigned integer. |
| |
| crc32([<avalanche>]) |
| Hashes a binary input sample into an unsigned 32-bit quantity using the CRC32 |
| hash function. Optionally, it is possible to apply a full avalanche hash |
| function to the output if the optional <avalanche> argument equals 1. This |
| converter uses the same functions as used by the various hash-based load |
| balancing algorithms, so it will provide exactly the same results. It is |
| provided for compatibility with other software which want a CRC32 to be |
| computed on some input keys, so it follows the most common implementation as |
| found in Ethernet, Gzip, PNG, etc... It is slower than the other algorithms |
| but may provide a better or at least less predictable distribution. It must |
| not be used for security purposes as a 32-bit hash is trivial to break. See |
| also "djb2", "sdbm", "wt6" and the "hash-type" directive. |
| |
| div(<value>) |
| Divides the input value of type unsigned integer by <value>, and returns the |
| result as an unsigned integer. If <value> is null, the largest unsigned |
| integer is returned (typically 2^32-1). |
| |
| djb2([<avalanche>]) |
| Hashes a binary input sample into an unsigned 32-bit quantity using the DJB2 |
| hash function. Optionally, it is possible to apply a full avalanche hash |
| function to the output if the optional <avalanche> argument equals 1. This |
| converter uses the same functions as used by the various hash-based load |
| balancing algorithms, so it will provide exactly the same results. It is |
| mostly intended for debugging, but can be used as a stick-table entry to |
| collect rough statistics. It must not be used for security purposes as a |
| 32-bit hash is trivial to break. See also "crc32", "sdbm", "wt6" and the |
| "hash-type" directive. |
| |
| even |
| Returns a boolean TRUE if the input value of type unsigned integer is even |
| otherwise returns FALSE. It is functionally equivalent to "not,and(1),bool". |
| |
| field(<index>,<delimiters>) |
| Extracts the substring at the given index considering given delimiters from |
| an input string. Indexes start at 1 and delimiters are a string formatted |
| list of chars. |
| |
| hex |
| Converts a binary input sample to an hex string containing two hex digits per |
| input byte. It is used to log or transfer hex dumps of some binary input data |
| in a way that can be reliably transferred (eg: an SSL ID can be copied in a |
| header). |
| |
| http_date([<offset>]) |
| Converts an integer supposed to contain a date since epoch to a string |
| representing this date in a format suitable for use in HTTP header fields. If |
| an offset value is specified, then it is a number of seconds that is added to |
| the date before the conversion is operated. This is particularly useful to |
| emit Date header fields, Expires values in responses when combined with a |
| positive offset, or Last-Modified values when the offset is negative. |
| |
| in_table(<table>) |
| Uses the string representation of the input sample to perform a look up in |
| the specified table. If the key is not found in the table, a boolean false |
| is returned. Otherwise a boolean true is returned. This can be used to verify |
| the presence of a certain key in a table tracking some elements (eg: whether |
| or not a source IP address or an Authorization header was already seen). |
| |
| ipmask(<mask>) |
| Apply a mask to an IPv4 address, and use the result for lookups and storage. |
| This can be used to make all hosts within a certain mask to share the same |
| table entries and as such use the same server. The mask can be passed in |
| dotted form (eg: 255.255.255.0) or in CIDR form (eg: 24). |
| |
| json([<input-code>]) |
| Escapes the input string and produces an ASCII ouput string ready to use as a |
| JSON string. The converter tries to decode the input string according to the |
| <input-code> parameter. It can be "ascii", "utf8", "utf8s", "utf8"" or |
| "utf8ps". The "ascii" decoder never fails. The "utf8" decoder detects 3 types |
| of errors: |
| - bad UTF-8 sequence (lone continuation byte, bad number of continuation |
| bytes, ...) |
| - invalid range (the decoded value is within a UTF-8 prohibited range), |
| - code overlong (the value is encoded with more bytes than necessary). |
| |
| The UTF-8 JSON encoding can produce a "too long value" error when the UTF-8 |
| character is greater than 0xffff because the JSON string escape specification |
| only authorizes 4 hex digits for the value encoding. The UTF-8 decoder exists |
| in 4 variants designated by a combination of two suffix letters : "p" for |
| "permissive" and "s" for "silently ignore". The behaviors of the decoders |
| are : |
| - "ascii" : never fails ; |
| - "utf8" : fails on any detected errors ; |
| - "utf8s" : never fails, but removes characters corresponding to errors ; |
| - "utf8p" : accepts and fixes the overlong errors, but fails on any other |
| error ; |
| - "utf8ps" : never fails, accepts and fixes the overlong errors, but removes |
| characters corresponding to the other errors. |
| |
| This converter is particularly useful for building properly escaped JSON for |
| logging to servers which consume JSON-formated traffic logs. |
| |
| Example: |
| capture request header user-agent len 150 |
| capture request header Host len 15 |
| log-format {"ip":"%[src]","user-agent":"%[capture.req.hdr(1),json]"} |
| |
| Input request from client 127.0.0.1: |
| GET / HTTP/1.0 |
| User-Agent: Very "Ugly" UA 1/2 |
| |
| Output log: |
| {"ip":"127.0.0.1","user-agent":"Very \"Ugly\" UA 1\/2"} |
| |
| language(<value>[,<default>]) |
| Returns the value with the highest q-factor from a list as extracted from the |
| "accept-language" header using "req.fhdr". Values with no q-factor have a |
| q-factor of 1. Values with a q-factor of 0 are dropped. Only values which |
| belong to the list of semi-colon delimited <values> will be considered. The |
| argument <value> syntax is "lang[;lang[;lang[;...]]]". If no value matches the |
| given list and a default value is provided, it is returned. Note that language |
| names may have a variant after a dash ('-'). If this variant is present in the |
| list, it will be matched, but if it is not, only the base language is checked. |
| The match is case-sensitive, and the output string is always one of those |
| provided in arguments. The ordering of arguments is meaningless, only the |
| ordering of the values in the request counts, as the first value among |
| multiple sharing the same q-factor is used. |
| |
| Example : |
| |
| # this configuration switches to the backend matching a |
| # given language based on the request : |
| |
| acl es req.fhdr(accept-language),language(es;fr;en) -m str es |
| acl fr req.fhdr(accept-language),language(es;fr;en) -m str fr |
| acl en req.fhdr(accept-language),language(es;fr;en) -m str en |
| use_backend spanish if es |
| use_backend french if fr |
| use_backend english if en |
| default_backend choose_your_language |
| |
| lower |
| Convert a string sample to lower case. This can only be placed after a string |
| sample fetch function or after a transformation keyword returning a string |
| type. The result is of type string. |
| |
| ltime(<format>[,<offset>]) |
| Converts an integer supposed to contain a date since epoch to a string |
| representing this date in local time using a format defined by the <format> |
| string using strftime(3). The purpose is to allow any date format to be used |
| in logs. An optional <offset> in seconds may be applied to the input date |
| (positive or negative). See the strftime() man page for the format supported |
| by your operating system. See also the utime converter. |
| |
| Example : |
| |
| # Emit two colons, one with the local time and another with ip:port |
| # Eg: 20140710162350 127.0.0.1:57325 |
| log-format %[date,ltime(%Y%m%d%H%M%S)]\ %ci:%cp |
| |
| map(<map_file>[,<default_value>]) |
| map_<match_type>(<map_file>[,<default_value>]) |
| map_<match_type>_<output_type>(<map_file>[,<default_value>]) |
| Search the input value from <map_file> using the <match_type> matching method, |
| and return the associated value converted to the type <output_type>. If the |
| input value cannot be found in the <map_file>, the converter returns the |
| <default_value>. If the <default_value> is not set, the converter fails and |
| acts as if no input value could be fetched. If the <match_type> is not set, it |
| defaults to "str". Likewise, if the <output_type> is not set, it defaults to |
| "str". For convenience, the "map" keyword is an alias for "map_str" and maps a |
| string to another string. |
| |
| It is important to avoid overlapping between the keys : IP addresses and |
| strings are stored in trees, so the first of the finest match will be used. |
| Other keys are stored in lists, so the first matching occurrence will be used. |
| |
| The following array contains the list of all map functions avalaible sorted by |
| input type, match type and output type. |
| |
| input type | match method | output type str | output type int | output type ip |
| -----------+--------------+-----------------+-----------------+--------------- |
| str | str | map_str | map_str_int | map_str_ip |
| -----------+--------------+-----------------+-----------------+--------------- |
| str | beg | map_beg | map_beg_int | map_end_ip |
| -----------+--------------+-----------------+-----------------+--------------- |
| str | sub | map_sub | map_sub_int | map_sub_ip |
| -----------+--------------+-----------------+-----------------+--------------- |
| str | dir | map_dir | map_dir_int | map_dir_ip |
| -----------+--------------+-----------------+-----------------+--------------- |
| str | dom | map_dom | map_dom_int | map_dom_ip |
| -----------+--------------+-----------------+-----------------+--------------- |
| str | end | map_end | map_end_int | map_end_ip |
| -----------+--------------+-----------------+-----------------+--------------- |
| str | reg | map_reg | map_reg_int | map_reg_ip |
| -----------+--------------+-----------------+-----------------+--------------- |
| int | int | map_int | map_int_int | map_int_ip |
| -----------+--------------+-----------------+-----------------+--------------- |
| ip | ip | map_ip | map_ip_int | map_ip_ip |
| -----------+--------------+-----------------+-----------------+--------------- |
| |
| The file contains one key + value per line. Lines which start with '#' are |
| ignored, just like empty lines. Leading tabs and spaces are stripped. The key |
| is then the first "word" (series of non-space/tabs characters), and the value |
| is what follows this series of space/tab till the end of the line excluding |
| trailing spaces/tabs. |
| |
| Example : |
| |
| # this is a comment and is ignored |
| 2.22.246.0/23 United Kingdom \n |
| <-><-----------><--><------------><----> |
| | | | | `- trailing spaces ignored |
| | | | `---------- value |
| | | `-------------------- middle spaces ignored |
| | `---------------------------- key |
| `------------------------------------ leading spaces ignored |
| |
| mod(<value>) |
| Divides the input value of type unsigned integer by <value>, and returns the |
| remainder as an unsigned integer. If <value> is null, then zero is returned. |
| |
| mul(<value>) |
| Multiplies the input value of type unsigned integer by <value>, and returns |
| the product as an unsigned integer. In case of overflow, the higher bits are |
| lost, leading to seemingly strange values. |
| |
| neg |
| Takes the input value of type unsigned integer, computes the opposite value, |
| and returns the remainder as an unsigned integer. 0 is identity. This |
| operator is provided for reversed subtracts : in order to subtract the input |
| from a constant, simply perform a "neg,add(value)". |
| |
| not |
| Returns a boolean FALSE if the input value of type unsigned integer is |
| non-null, otherwise returns TRUE. Used in conjunction with and(), it can be |
| used to report true/false for bit testing on input values (eg: verify the |
| absence of a flag). |
| |
| odd |
| Returns a boolean TRUE if the input value of type unsigned integer is odd |
| otherwise returns FALSE. It is functionally equivalent to "and(1),bool". |
| |
| or(<value>) |
| Performs a bitwise "OR" between <value> and the input value of type unsigned |
| integer, and returns the result as an unsigned integer. |
| |
| regsub(<regex>,<subst>[,<flags>]) |
| Applies a regex-based substitution to the input string. It does the same |
| operation as the well-known "sed" utility with "s/<regex>/<subst>/". By |
| default it will replace in the input string the first occurrence of the |
| largest part matching the regular expression <regex> with the substitution |
| string <subst>. It is possible to replace all occurrences instead by adding |
| the flag "g" in the third argument <flags>. It is also possible to make the |
| regex case insensitive by adding the flag "i" in <flags>. Since <flags> is a |
| string, it is made up from the concatenation of all desired flags. Thus if |
| both "i" and "g" are desired, using "gi" or "ig" will have the same effect. |
| It is important to note that due to the current limitations of the |
| configuration parser, some characters such as closing parenthesis or comma |
| are not possible to use in the arguments. The first use of this converter is |
| to replace certain characters or sequence of characters with other ones. |
| |
| Example : |
| |
| # de-duplicate "/" in header "x-path". |
| # input: x-path: /////a///b/c/xzxyz/ |
| # output: x-path: /a/b/c/xzxyz/ |
| http-request set-header x-path %[hdr(x-path),regsub(/+,/,g)] |
| |
| sdbm([<avalanche>]) |
| Hashes a binary input sample into an unsigned 32-bit quantity using the SDBM |
| hash function. Optionally, it is possible to apply a full avalanche hash |
| function to the output if the optional <avalanche> argument equals 1. This |
| converter uses the same functions as used by the various hash-based load |
| balancing algorithms, so it will provide exactly the same results. It is |
| mostly intended for debugging, but can be used as a stick-table entry to |
| collect rough statistics. It must not be used for security purposes as a |
| 32-bit hash is trivial to break. See also "crc32", "djb2", "wt6" and the |
| "hash-type" directive. |
| |
| sub(<value>) |
| Subtracts <value> from the input value of type unsigned integer, and returns |
| the result as an unsigned integer. Note: in order to subtract the input from |
| a constant, simply perform a "neg,add(value)". |
| |
| table_bytes_in_rate(<table>) |
| Uses the string representation of the input sample to perform a look up in |
| the specified table. If the key is not found in the table, integer value zero |
| is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the average client-to-server |
| bytes rate associated with the input sample in the designated table, measured |
| in amount of bytes over the period configured in the table. See also the |
| sc_bytes_in_rate sample fetch keyword. |
| |
| |
| table_bytes_out_rate(<table>) |
| Uses the string representation of the input sample to perform a look up in |
| the specified table. If the key is not found in the table, integer value zero |
| is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the average server-to-client |
| bytes rate associated with the input sample in the designated table, measured |
| in amount of bytes over the period configured in the table. See also the |
| sc_bytes_out_rate sample fetch keyword. |
| |
| table_conn_cnt(<table>) |
| Uses the string representation of the input sample to perform a look up in |
| the specified table. If the key is not found in the table, integer value zero |
| is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the cumulated amount of incoming |
| connections associated with the input sample in the designated table. See |
| also the sc_conn_cnt sample fetch keyword. |
| |
| table_conn_cur(<table>) |
| Uses the string representation of the input sample to perform a look up in |
| the specified table. If the key is not found in the table, integer value zero |
| is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the current amount of concurrent |
| tracked connections associated with the input sample in the designated table. |
| See also the sc_conn_cur sample fetch keyword. |
| |
| table_conn_rate(<table>) |
| Uses the string representation of the input sample to perform a look up in |
| the specified table. If the key is not found in the table, integer value zero |
| is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the average incoming connection |
| rate associated with the input sample in the designated table. See also the |
| sc_conn_rate sample fetch keyword. |
| |
| table_gpc0(<table>) |
| Uses the string representation of the input sample to perform a look up in |
| the specified table. If the key is not found in the table, integer value zero |
| is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the current value of the first |
| general purpose counter associated with the input sample in the designated |
| table. See also the sc_get_gpc0 sample fetch keyword. |
| |
| table_gpc0_rate(<table>) |
| Uses the string representation of the input sample to perform a look up in |
| the specified table. If the key is not found in the table, integer value zero |
| is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the frequency which the gpc0 |
| counter was incremented over the configured period in the table, associated |
| with the input sample in the designated table. See also the sc_get_gpc0_rate |
| sample fetch keyword. |
| |
| table_http_err_cnt(<table>) |
| Uses the string representation of the input sample to perform a look up in |
| the specified table. If the key is not found in the table, integer value zero |
| is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the cumulated amount of HTTP |
| errors associated with the input sample in the designated table. See also the |
| sc_http_err_cnt sample fetch keyword. |
| |
| table_http_err_rate(<table>) |
| Uses the string representation of the input sample to perform a look up in |
| the specified table. If the key is not found in the table, integer value zero |
| is returned. Otherwise the average rate of HTTP errors associated with the |
| input sample in the designated table, measured in amount of errors over the |
| period configured in the table. See also the sc_http_err_rate sample fetch |
| keyword. |
| |
| table_http_req_cnt(<table>) |
| Uses the string representation of the input sample to perform a look up in |
| the specified table. If the key is not found in the table, integer value zero |
| is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the cumulated amount of HTTP |
| requests associated with the input sample in the designated table. See also |
| the sc_http_req_cnt sample fetch keyword. |
| |
| table_http_req_rate(<table>) |
| Uses the string representation of the input sample to perform a look up in |
| the specified table. If the key is not found in the table, integer value zero |
| is returned. Otherwise the average rate of HTTP requests associated with the |
| input sample in the designated table, measured in amount of requests over the |
| period configured in the table. See also the sc_http_req_rate sample fetch |
| keyword. |
| |
| table_kbytes_in(<table>) |
| Uses the string representation of the input sample to perform a look up in |
| the specified table. If the key is not found in the table, integer value zero |
| is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the cumulated amount of client- |
| to-server data associated with the input sample in the designated table, |
| measured in kilobytes. The test is currently performed on 32-bit integers, |
| which limits values to 4 terabytes. See also the sc_kbytes_in sample fetch |
| keyword. |
| |
| table_kbytes_out(<table>) |
| Uses the string representation of the input sample to perform a look up in |
| the specified table. If the key is not found in the table, integer value zero |
| is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the cumulated amount of server- |
| to-client data associated with the input sample in the designated table, |
| measured in kilobytes. The test is currently performed on 32-bit integers, |
| which limits values to 4 terabytes. See also the sc_kbytes_out sample fetch |
| keyword. |
| |
| table_server_id(<table>) |
| Uses the string representation of the input sample to perform a look up in |
| the specified table. If the key is not found in the table, integer value zero |
| is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the server ID associated with |
| the input sample in the designated table. A server ID is associated to a |
| sample by a "stick" rule when a connection to a server succeeds. A server ID |
| zero means that no server is associated with this key. |
| |
| table_sess_cnt(<table>) |
| Uses the string representation of the input sample to perform a look up in |
| the specified table. If the key is not found in the table, integer value zero |
| is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the cumulated amount of incoming |
| sessions associated with the input sample in the designated table. Note that |
| a session here refers to an incoming connection being accepted by the |
| "tcp-request connection" rulesets. See also the sc_sess_cnt sample fetch |
| keyword. |
| |
| table_sess_rate(<table>) |
| Uses the string representation of the input sample to perform a look up in |
| the specified table. If the key is not found in the table, integer value zero |
| is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the average incoming session |
| rate associated with the input sample in the designated table. Note that a |
| session here refers to an incoming connection being accepted by the |
| "tcp-request connection" rulesets. See also the sc_sess_rate sample fetch |
| keyword. |
| |
| table_trackers(<table>) |
| Uses the string representation of the input sample to perform a look up in |
| the specified table. If the key is not found in the table, integer value zero |
| is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the current amount of concurrent |
| connections tracking the same key as the input sample in the designated |
| table. It differs from table_conn_cur in that it does not rely on any stored |
| information but on the table's reference count (the "use" value which is |
| returned by "show table" on the CLI). This may sometimes be more suited for |
| layer7 tracking. It can be used to tell a server how many concurrent |
| connections there are from a given address for example. See also the |
| sc_trackers sample fetch keyword. |
| |
| upper |
| Convert a string sample to upper case. This can only be placed after a string |
| sample fetch function or after a transformation keyword returning a string |
| type. The result is of type string. |
| |
| utime(<format>[,<offset>]) |
| Converts an integer supposed to contain a date since epoch to a string |
| representing this date in UTC time using a format defined by the <format> |
| string using strftime(3). The purpose is to allow any date format to be used |
| in logs. An optional <offset> in seconds may be applied to the input date |
| (positive or negative). See the strftime() man page for the format supported |
| by your operating system. See also the ltime converter. |
| |
| Example : |
| |
| # Emit two colons, one with the UTC time and another with ip:port |
| # Eg: 20140710162350 127.0.0.1:57325 |
| log-format %[date,utime(%Y%m%d%H%M%S)]\ %ci:%cp |
| |
| word(<index>,<delimiters>) |
| Extracts the nth word considering given delimiters from an input string. |
| Indexes start at 1 and delimiters are a string formatted list of chars. |
| |
| wt6([<avalanche>]) |
| Hashes a binary input sample into an unsigned 32-bit quantity using the WT6 |
| hash function. Optionally, it is possible to apply a full avalanche hash |
| function to the output if the optional <avalanche> argument equals 1. This |
| converter uses the same functions as used by the various hash-based load |
| balancing algorithms, so it will provide exactly the same results. It is |
| mostly intended for debugging, but can be used as a stick-table entry to |
| collect rough statistics. It must not be used for security purposes as a |
| 32-bit hash is trivial to break. See also "crc32", "djb2", "sdbm", and the |
| "hash-type" directive. |
| |
| xor(<value>) |
| Performs a bitwise "XOR" (exclusive OR) between <value> and the input value |
| of type unsigned integer, and returns the result as an unsigned integer. |
| |
| |
| 7.3.2. Fetching samples from internal states |
| -------------------------------------------- |
| |
| A first set of sample fetch methods applies to internal information which does |
| not even relate to any client information. These ones are sometimes used with |
| "monitor-fail" directives to report an internal status to external watchers. |
| The sample fetch methods described in this section are usable anywhere. |
| |
| always_false : boolean |
| Always returns the boolean "false" value. It may be used with ACLs as a |
| temporary replacement for another one when adjusting configurations. |
| |
| always_true : boolean |
| Always returns the boolean "true" value. It may be used with ACLs as a |
| temporary replacement for another one when adjusting configurations. |
| |
| avg_queue([<backend>]) : integer |
| Returns the total number of queued connections of the designated backend |
| divided by the number of active servers. The current backend is used if no |
| backend is specified. This is very similar to "queue" except that the size of |
| the farm is considered, in order to give a more accurate measurement of the |
| time it may take for a new connection to be processed. The main usage is with |
| ACL to return a sorry page to new users when it becomes certain they will get |
| a degraded service, or to pass to the backend servers in a header so that |
| they decide to work in degraded mode or to disable some functions to speed up |
| the processing a bit. Note that in the event there would not be any active |
| server anymore, twice the number of queued connections would be considered as |
| the measured value. This is a fair estimate, as we expect one server to get |
| back soon anyway, but we still prefer to send new traffic to another backend |
| if in better shape. See also the "queue", "be_conn", and "be_sess_rate" |
| sample fetches. |
| |
| be_conn([<backend>]) : integer |
| Applies to the number of currently established connections on the backend, |
| possibly including the connection being evaluated. If no backend name is |
| specified, the current one is used. But it is also possible to check another |
| backend. It can be used to use a specific farm when the nominal one is full. |
| See also the "fe_conn", "queue" and "be_sess_rate" criteria. |
| |
| be_sess_rate([<backend>]) : integer |
| Returns an integer value corresponding to the sessions creation rate on the |
| backend, in number of new sessions per second. This is used with ACLs to |
| switch to an alternate backend when an expensive or fragile one reaches too |
| high a session rate, or to limit abuse of service (eg. prevent sucking of an |
| online dictionary). It can also be useful to add this element to logs using a |
| log-format directive. |
| |
| Example : |
| # Redirect to an error page if the dictionary is requested too often |
| backend dynamic |
| mode http |
| acl being_scanned be_sess_rate gt 100 |
| redirect location /denied.html if being_scanned |
| |
| connslots([<backend>]) : integer |
| Returns an integer value corresponding to the number of connection slots |
| still available in the backend, by totaling the maximum amount of |
| connections on all servers and the maximum queue size. This is probably only |
| used with ACLs. |
| |
| The basic idea here is to be able to measure the number of connection "slots" |
| still available (connection + queue), so that anything beyond that (intended |
| usage; see "use_backend" keyword) can be redirected to a different backend. |
| |
| 'connslots' = number of available server connection slots, + number of |
| available server queue slots. |
| |
| Note that while "fe_conn" may be used, "connslots" comes in especially |
| useful when you have a case of traffic going to one single ip, splitting into |
| multiple backends (perhaps using ACLs to do name-based load balancing) and |
| you want to be able to differentiate between different backends, and their |
| available "connslots". Also, whereas "nbsrv" only measures servers that are |
| actually *down*, this fetch is more fine-grained and looks into the number of |
| available connection slots as well. See also "queue" and "avg_queue". |
| |
| OTHER CAVEATS AND NOTES: at this point in time, the code does not take care |
| of dynamic connections. Also, if any of the server maxconn, or maxqueue is 0, |
| then this fetch clearly does not make sense, in which case the value returned |
| will be -1. |
| |
| date([<offset>]) : integer |
| Returns the current date as the epoch (number of seconds since 01/01/1970). |
| If an offset value is specified, then it is a number of seconds that is added |
| to the current date before returning the value. This is particularly useful |
| to compute relative dates, as both positive and negative offsets are allowed. |
| It is useful combined with the http_date converter. |
| |
| Example : |
| |
| # set an expires header to now+1 hour in every response |
| http-response set-header Expires %[date(3600),http_date] |
| |
| env(<name>) : string |
| Returns a string containing the value of environment variable <name>. As a |
| reminder, environment variables are per-process and are sampled when the |
| process starts. This can be useful to pass some information to a next hop |
| server, or with ACLs to take specific action when the process is started a |
| certain way. |
| |
| Examples : |
| # Pass the Via header to next hop with the local hostname in it |
| http-request add-header Via 1.1\ %[env(HOSTNAME)] |
| |
| # reject cookie-less requests when the STOP environment variable is set |
| http-request deny if !{ cook(SESSIONID) -m found } { env(STOP) -m found } |
| |
| fe_conn([<frontend>]) : integer |
| Returns the number of currently established connections on the frontend, |
| possibly including the connection being evaluated. If no frontend name is |
| specified, the current one is used. But it is also possible to check another |
| frontend. It can be used to return a sorry page before hard-blocking, or to |
| use a specific backend to drain new requests when the farm is considered |
| full. This is mostly used with ACLs but can also be used to pass some |
| statistics to servers in HTTP headers. See also the "dst_conn", "be_conn", |
| "fe_sess_rate" fetches. |
| |
| fe_sess_rate([<frontend>]) : integer |
| Returns an integer value corresponding to the sessions creation rate on the |
| frontend, in number of new sessions per second. This is used with ACLs to |
| limit the incoming session rate to an acceptable range in order to prevent |
| abuse of service at the earliest moment, for example when combined with other |
| layer 4 ACLs in order to force the clients to wait a bit for the rate to go |
| down below the limit. It can also be useful to add this element to logs using |
| a log-format directive. See also the "rate-limit sessions" directive for use |
| in frontends. |
| |
| Example : |
| # This frontend limits incoming mails to 10/s with a max of 100 |
| # concurrent connections. We accept any connection below 10/s, and |
| # force excess clients to wait for 100 ms. Since clients are limited to |
| # 100 max, there cannot be more than 10 incoming mails per second. |
| frontend mail |
| bind :25 |
| mode tcp |
| maxconn 100 |
| acl too_fast fe_sess_rate ge 10 |
| tcp-request inspect-delay 100ms |
| tcp-request content accept if ! too_fast |
| tcp-request content accept if WAIT_END |
| |
| nbproc : integer |
| Returns an integer value corresponding to the number of processes that were |
| started (it equals the global "nbproc" setting). This is useful for logging |
| and debugging purposes. |
| |
| nbsrv([<backend>]) : integer |
| Returns an integer value corresponding to the number of usable servers of |
| either the current backend or the named backend. This is mostly used with |
| ACLs but can also be useful when added to logs. This is normally used to |
| switch to an alternate backend when the number of servers is too low to |
| to handle some load. It is useful to report a failure when combined with |
| "monitor fail". |
| |
| proc : integer |
| Returns an integer value corresponding to the position of the process calling |
| the function, between 1 and global.nbproc. This is useful for logging and |
| debugging purposes. |
| |
| queue([<backend>]) : integer |
| Returns the total number of queued connections of the designated backend, |
| including all the connections in server queues. If no backend name is |
| specified, the current one is used, but it is also possible to check another |
| one. This is useful with ACLs or to pass statistics to backend servers. This |
| can be used to take actions when queuing goes above a known level, generally |
| indicating a surge of traffic or a massive slowdown on the servers. One |
| possible action could be to reject new users but still accept old ones. See |
| also the "avg_queue", "be_conn", and "be_sess_rate" fetches. |
| |
| rand([<range>]) : integer |
| Returns a random integer value within a range of <range> possible values, |
| starting at zero. If the range is not specified, it defaults to 2^32, which |
| gives numbers between 0 and 4294967295. It can be useful to pass some values |
| needed to take some routing decisions for example, or just for debugging |
| purposes. This random must not be used for security purposes. |
| |
| srv_conn([<backend>/]<server>) : integer |
| Returns an integer value corresponding to the number of currently established |
| connections on the designated server, possibly including the connection being |
| evaluated. If <backend> is omitted, then the server is looked up in the |
| current backend. It can be used to use a specific farm when one server is |
| full, or to inform the server about our view of the number of active |
| connections with it. See also the "fe_conn", "be_conn" and "queue" fetch |
| methods. |
| |
| srv_is_up([<backend>/]<server>) : boolean |
| Returns true when the designated server is UP, and false when it is either |
| DOWN or in maintenance mode. If <backend> is omitted, then the server is |
| looked up in the current backend. It is mainly used to take action based on |
| an external status reported via a health check (eg: a geographical site's |
| availability). Another possible use which is more of a hack consists in |
| using dummy servers as boolean variables that can be enabled or disabled from |
| the CLI, so that rules depending on those ACLs can be tweaked in realtime. |
| |
| srv_sess_rate([<backend>/]<server>) : integer |
| Returns an integer corresponding to the sessions creation rate on the |
| designated server, in number of new sessions per second. If <backend> is |
| omitted, then the server is looked up in the current backend. This is mostly |
| used with ACLs but can make sense with logs too. This is used to switch to an |
| alternate backend when an expensive or fragile one reaches too high a session |
| rate, or to limit abuse of service (eg. prevent latent requests from |
| overloading servers). |
| |
| Example : |
| # Redirect to a separate back |
| acl srv1_full srv_sess_rate(be1/srv1) gt 50 |
| acl srv2_full srv_sess_rate(be1/srv2) gt 50 |
| use_backend be2 if srv1_full or srv2_full |
| |
| stopping : boolean |
| Returns TRUE if the process calling the function is currently stopping. This |
| can be useful for logging, or for relaxing certain checks or helping close |
| certain connections upon graceful shutdown. |
| |
| table_avl([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the total number of available entries in the current proxy's |
| stick-table or in the designated stick-table. See also table_cnt. |
| |
| table_cnt([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the total number of entries currently in use in the current proxy's |
| stick-table or in the designated stick-table. See also src_conn_cnt and |
| table_avl for other entry counting methods. |
| |
| |
| 7.3.3. Fetching samples at Layer 4 |
| ---------------------------------- |
| |
| The layer 4 usually describes just the transport layer which in haproxy is |
| closest to the connection, where no content is yet made available. The fetch |
| methods described here are usable as low as the "tcp-request connection" rule |
| sets unless they require some future information. Those generally include |
| TCP/IP addresses and ports, as well as elements from stick-tables related to |
| the incoming connection. For retrieving a value from a sticky counters, the |
| counter number can be explicitly set as 0, 1, or 2 using the pre-defined |
| "sc0_", "sc1_", or "sc2_" prefix, or it can be specified as the first integer |
| argument when using the "sc_" prefix. An optional table may be specified with |
| the "sc*" form, in which case the currently tracked key will be looked up into |
| this alternate table instead of the table currently being tracked. |
| |
| be_id : integer |
| Returns an integer containing the current backend's id. It can be used in |
| frontends with responses to check which backend processed the request. |
| |
| dst : ip |
| This is the destination IPv4 address of the connection on the client side, |
| which is the address the client connected to. It can be useful when running |
| in transparent mode. It is of type IP and works on both IPv4 and IPv6 tables. |
| On IPv6 tables, IPv4 address is mapped to its IPv6 equivalent, according to |
| RFC 4291. |
| |
| dst_conn : integer |
| Returns an integer value corresponding to the number of currently established |
| connections on the same socket including the one being evaluated. It is |
| normally used with ACLs but can as well be used to pass the information to |
| servers in an HTTP header or in logs. It can be used to either return a sorry |
| page before hard-blocking, or to use a specific backend to drain new requests |
| when the socket is considered saturated. This offers the ability to assign |
| different limits to different listening ports or addresses. See also the |
| "fe_conn" and "be_conn" fetches. |
| |
| dst_port : integer |
| Returns an integer value corresponding to the destination TCP port of the |
| connection on the client side, which is the port the client connected to. |
| This might be used when running in transparent mode, when assigning dynamic |
| ports to some clients for a whole application session, to stick all users to |
| a same server, or to pass the destination port information to a server using |
| an HTTP header. |
| |
| fe_id : integer |
| Returns an integer containing the current frontend's id. It can be used in |
| backends to check from which backend it was called, or to stick all users |
| coming via a same frontend to the same server. |
| |
| sc_bytes_in_rate(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer |
| sc0_bytes_in_rate([<table>]) : integer |
| sc1_bytes_in_rate([<table>]) : integer |
| sc2_bytes_in_rate([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the average client-to-server bytes rate from the currently tracked |
| counters, measured in amount of bytes over the period configured in the |
| table. See also src_bytes_in_rate. |
| |
| sc_bytes_out_rate(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer |
| sc0_bytes_out_rate([<table>]) : integer |
| sc1_bytes_out_rate([<table>]) : integer |
| sc2_bytes_out_rate([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the average server-to-client bytes rate from the currently tracked |
| counters, measured in amount of bytes over the period configured in the |
| table. See also src_bytes_out_rate. |
| |
| sc_clr_gpc0(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer |
| sc0_clr_gpc0([<table>]) : integer |
| sc1_clr_gpc0([<table>]) : integer |
| sc2_clr_gpc0([<table>]) : integer |
| Clears the first General Purpose Counter associated to the currently tracked |
| counters, and returns its previous value. Before the first invocation, the |
| stored value is zero, so first invocation will always return zero. This is |
| typically used as a second ACL in an expression in order to mark a connection |
| when a first ACL was verified : |
| |
| # block if 5 consecutive requests continue to come faster than 10 sess |
| # per second, and reset the counter as soon as the traffic slows down. |
| acl abuse sc0_http_req_rate gt 10 |
| acl kill sc0_inc_gpc0 gt 5 |
| acl save sc0_clr_gpc0 ge 0 |
| tcp-request connection accept if !abuse save |
| tcp-request connection reject if abuse kill |
| |
| sc_conn_cnt(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer |
| sc0_conn_cnt([<table>]) : integer |
| sc1_conn_cnt([<table>]) : integer |
| sc2_conn_cnt([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the cumulated number of incoming connections from currently tracked |
| counters. See also src_conn_cnt. |
| |
| sc_conn_cur(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer |
| sc0_conn_cur([<table>]) : integer |
| sc1_conn_cur([<table>]) : integer |
| sc2_conn_cur([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the current amount of concurrent connections tracking the same |
| tracked counters. This number is automatically incremented when tracking |
| begins and decremented when tracking stops. See also src_conn_cur. |
| |
| sc_conn_rate(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer |
| sc0_conn_rate([<table>]) : integer |
| sc1_conn_rate([<table>]) : integer |
| sc2_conn_rate([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the average connection rate from the currently tracked counters, |
| measured in amount of connections over the period configured in the table. |
| See also src_conn_rate. |
| |
| sc_get_gpc0(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer |
| sc0_get_gpc0([<table>]) : integer |
| sc1_get_gpc0([<table>]) : integer |
| sc2_get_gpc0([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the value of the first General Purpose Counter associated to the |
| currently tracked counters. See also src_get_gpc0 and sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_inc_gpc0. |
| |
| sc_gpc0_rate(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer |
| sc0_gpc0_rate([<table>]) : integer |
| sc1_gpc0_rate([<table>]) : integer |
| sc2_gpc0_rate([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the average increment rate of the first General Purpose Counter |
| associated to the currently tracked counters. It reports the frequency |
| which the gpc0 counter was incremented over the configured period. See also |
| src_gpc0_rate, sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_get_gpc0, and sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_inc_gpc0. Note |
| that the "gpc0_rate" counter must be stored in the stick-table for a value to |
| be returned, as "gpc0" only holds the event count. |
| |
| sc_http_err_cnt(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer |
| sc0_http_err_cnt([<table>]) : integer |
| sc1_http_err_cnt([<table>]) : integer |
| sc2_http_err_cnt([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the cumulated number of HTTP errors from the currently tracked |
| counters. This includes the both request errors and 4xx error responses. |
| See also src_http_err_cnt. |
| |
| sc_http_err_rate(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer |
| sc0_http_err_rate([<table>]) : integer |
| sc1_http_err_rate([<table>]) : integer |
| sc2_http_err_rate([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the average rate of HTTP errors from the currently tracked counters, |
| measured in amount of errors over the period configured in the table. This |
| includes the both request errors and 4xx error responses. See also |
| src_http_err_rate. |
| |
| sc_http_req_cnt(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer |
| sc0_http_req_cnt([<table>]) : integer |
| sc1_http_req_cnt([<table>]) : integer |
| sc2_http_req_cnt([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the cumulated number of HTTP requests from the currently tracked |
| counters. This includes every started request, valid or not. See also |
| src_http_req_cnt. |
| |
| sc_http_req_rate(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer |
| sc0_http_req_rate([<table>]) : integer |
| sc1_http_req_rate([<table>]) : integer |
| sc2_http_req_rate([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the average rate of HTTP requests from the currently tracked |
| counters, measured in amount of requests over the period configured in |
| the table. This includes every started request, valid or not. See also |
| src_http_req_rate. |
| |
| sc_inc_gpc0(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer |
| sc0_inc_gpc0([<table>]) : integer |
| sc1_inc_gpc0([<table>]) : integer |
| sc2_inc_gpc0([<table>]) : integer |
| Increments the first General Purpose Counter associated to the currently |
| tracked counters, and returns its new value. Before the first invocation, |
| the stored value is zero, so first invocation will increase it to 1 and will |
| return 1. This is typically used as a second ACL in an expression in order |
| to mark a connection when a first ACL was verified : |
| |
| acl abuse sc0_http_req_rate gt 10 |
| acl kill sc0_inc_gpc0 gt 0 |
| tcp-request connection reject if abuse kill |
| |
| sc_kbytes_in(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer |
| sc0_kbytes_in([<table>]) : integer |
| sc1_kbytes_in([<table>]) : integer |
| sc2_kbytes_in([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the total amount of client-to-server data from the currently tracked |
| counters, measured in kilobytes. The test is currently performed on 32-bit |
| integers, which limits values to 4 terabytes. See also src_kbytes_in. |
| |
| sc_kbytes_out(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer |
| sc0_kbytes_out([<table>]) : integer |
| sc1_kbytes_out([<table>]) : integer |
| sc2_kbytes_out([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the total amount of server-to-client data from the currently tracked |
| counters, measured in kilobytes. The test is currently performed on 32-bit |
| integers, which limits values to 4 terabytes. See also src_kbytes_out. |
| |
| sc_sess_cnt(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer |
| sc0_sess_cnt([<table>]) : integer |
| sc1_sess_cnt([<table>]) : integer |
| sc2_sess_cnt([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the cumulated number of incoming connections that were transformed |
| into sessions, which means that they were accepted by a "tcp-request |
| connection" rule, from the currently tracked counters. A backend may count |
| more sessions than connections because each connection could result in many |
| backend sessions if some HTTP keep-alive is performed over the connection |
| with the client. See also src_sess_cnt. |
| |
| sc_sess_rate(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer |
| sc0_sess_rate([<table>]) : integer |
| sc1_sess_rate([<table>]) : integer |
| sc2_sess_rate([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the average session rate from the currently tracked counters, |
| measured in amount of sessions over the period configured in the table. A |
| session is a connection that got past the early "tcp-request connection" |
| rules. A backend may count more sessions than connections because each |
| connection could result in many backend sessions if some HTTP keep-alive is |
| performed over the connection with the client. See also src_sess_rate. |
| |
| sc_tracked(<ctr>[,<table>]) : boolean |
| sc0_tracked([<table>]) : boolean |
| sc1_tracked([<table>]) : boolean |
| sc2_tracked([<table>]) : boolean |
| Returns true if the designated session counter is currently being tracked by |
| the current session. This can be useful when deciding whether or not we want |
| to set some values in a header passed to the server. |
| |
| sc_trackers(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer |
| sc0_trackers([<table>]) : integer |
| sc1_trackers([<table>]) : integer |
| sc2_trackers([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the current amount of concurrent connections tracking the same |
| tracked counters. This number is automatically incremented when tracking |
| begins and decremented when tracking stops. It differs from sc0_conn_cur in |
| that it does not rely on any stored information but on the table's reference |
| count (the "use" value which is returned by "show table" on the CLI). This |
| may sometimes be more suited for layer7 tracking. It can be used to tell a |
| server how many concurrent connections there are from a given address for |
| example. |
| |
| so_id : integer |
| Returns an integer containing the current listening socket's id. It is useful |
| in frontends involving many "bind" lines, or to stick all users coming via a |
| same socket to the same server. |
| |
| src : ip |
| This is the source IPv4 address of the client of the session. It is of type |
| IP and works on both IPv4 and IPv6 tables. On IPv6 tables, IPv4 addresses are |
| mapped to their IPv6 equivalent, according to RFC 4291. Note that it is the |
| TCP-level source address which is used, and not the address of a client |
| behind a proxy. However if the "accept-proxy" bind directive is used, it can |
| be the address of a client behind another PROXY-protocol compatible component |
| for all rule sets except "tcp-request connection" which sees the real address. |
| |
| Example: |
| # add an HTTP header in requests with the originating address' country |
| http-request set-header X-Country %[src,map_ip(geoip.lst)] |
| |
| src_bytes_in_rate([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the average bytes rate from the incoming connection's source address |
| in the current proxy's stick-table or in the designated stick-table, measured |
| in amount of bytes over the period configured in the table. If the address is |
| not found, zero is returned. See also sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_bytes_in_rate. |
| |
| src_bytes_out_rate([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the average bytes rate to the incoming connection's source address in |
| the current proxy's stick-table or in the designated stick-table, measured in |
| amount of bytes over the period configured in the table. If the address is |
| not found, zero is returned. See also sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_bytes_out_rate. |
| |
| src_clr_gpc0([<table>]) : integer |
| Clears the first General Purpose Counter associated to the incoming |
| connection's source address in the current proxy's stick-table or in the |
| designated stick-table, and returns its previous value. If the address is not |
| found, an entry is created and 0 is returned. This is typically used as a |
| second ACL in an expression in order to mark a connection when a first ACL |
| was verified : |
| |
| # block if 5 consecutive requests continue to come faster than 10 sess |
| # per second, and reset the counter as soon as the traffic slows down. |
| acl abuse src_http_req_rate gt 10 |
| acl kill src_inc_gpc0 gt 5 |
| acl save src_clr_gpc0 ge 0 |
| tcp-request connection accept if !abuse save |
| tcp-request connection reject if abuse kill |
| |
| src_conn_cnt([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the cumulated number of connections initiated from the current |
| incoming connection's source address in the current proxy's stick-table or in |
| the designated stick-table. If the address is not found, zero is returned. |
| See also sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_conn_cnt. |
| |
| src_conn_cur([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the current amount of concurrent connections initiated from the |
| current incoming connection's source address in the current proxy's |
| stick-table or in the designated stick-table. If the address is not found, |
| zero is returned. See also sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_conn_cur. |
| |
| src_conn_rate([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the average connection rate from the incoming connection's source |
| address in the current proxy's stick-table or in the designated stick-table, |
| measured in amount of connections over the period configured in the table. If |
| the address is not found, zero is returned. See also sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_conn_rate. |
| |
| src_get_gpc0([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the value of the first General Purpose Counter associated to the |
| incoming connection's source address in the current proxy's stick-table or in |
| the designated stick-table. If the address is not found, zero is returned. |
| See also sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_get_gpc0 and src_inc_gpc0. |
| |
| src_gpc0_rate([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the average increment rate of the first General Purpose Counter |
| associated to the incoming connection's source address in the current proxy's |
| stick-table or in the designated stick-table. It reports the frequency |
| which the gpc0 counter was incremented over the configured period. See also |
| sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_gpc0_rate, src_get_gpc0, and sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_inc_gpc0. Note |
| that the "gpc0_rate" counter must be stored in the stick-table for a value to |
| be returned, as "gpc0" only holds the event count. |
| |
| src_http_err_cnt([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the cumulated number of HTTP errors from the incoming connection's |
| source address in the current proxy's stick-table or in the designated |
| stick-table. This includes the both request errors and 4xx error responses. |
| See also sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_http_err_cnt. If the address is not found, zero is |
| returned. |
| |
| src_http_err_rate([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the average rate of HTTP errors from the incoming connection's source |
| address in the current proxy's stick-table or in the designated stick-table, |
| measured in amount of errors over the period configured in the table. This |
| includes the both request errors and 4xx error responses. If the address is |
| not found, zero is returned. See also sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_http_err_rate. |
| |
| src_http_req_cnt([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the cumulated number of HTTP requests from the incoming connection's |
| source address in the current proxy's stick-table or in the designated stick- |
| table. This includes every started request, valid or not. If the address is |
| not found, zero is returned. See also sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_http_req_cnt. |
| |
| src_http_req_rate([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the average rate of HTTP requests from the incoming connection's |
| source address in the current proxy's stick-table or in the designated stick- |
| table, measured in amount of requests over the period configured in the |
| table. This includes every started request, valid or not. If the address is |
| not found, zero is returned. See also sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_http_req_rate. |
| |
| src_inc_gpc0([<table>]) : integer |
| Increments the first General Purpose Counter associated to the incoming |
| connection's source address in the current proxy's stick-table or in the |
| designated stick-table, and returns its new value. If the address is not |
| found, an entry is created and 1 is returned. See also sc0/sc2/sc2_inc_gpc0. |
| This is typically used as a second ACL in an expression in order to mark a |
| connection when a first ACL was verified : |
| |
| acl abuse src_http_req_rate gt 10 |
| acl kill src_inc_gpc0 gt 0 |
| tcp-request connection reject if abuse kill |
| |
| src_kbytes_in([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the total amount of data received from the incoming connection's |
| source address in the current proxy's stick-table or in the designated |
| stick-table, measured in kilobytes. If the address is not found, zero is |
| returned. The test is currently performed on 32-bit integers, which limits |
| values to 4 terabytes. See also sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_kbytes_in. |
| |
| src_kbytes_out([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the total amount of data sent to the incoming connection's source |
| address in the current proxy's stick-table or in the designated stick-table, |
| measured in kilobytes. If the address is not found, zero is returned. The |
| test is currently performed on 32-bit integers, which limits values to 4 |
| terabytes. See also sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_kbytes_out. |
| |
| src_port : integer |
| Returns an integer value corresponding to the TCP source port of the |
| connection on the client side, which is the port the client connected from. |
| Usage of this function is very limited as modern protocols do not care much |
| about source ports nowadays. |
| |
| src_sess_cnt([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the cumulated number of connections initiated from the incoming |
| connection's source IPv4 address in the current proxy's stick-table or in the |
| designated stick-table, that were transformed into sessions, which means that |
| they were accepted by "tcp-request" rules. If the address is not found, zero |
| is returned. See also sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_sess_cnt. |
| |
| src_sess_rate([<table>]) : integer |
| Returns the average session rate from the incoming connection's source |
| address in the current proxy's stick-table or in the designated stick-table, |
| measured in amount of sessions over the period configured in the table. A |
| session is a connection that went past the early "tcp-request" rules. If the |
| address is not found, zero is returned. See also sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_sess_rate. |
| |
| src_updt_conn_cnt([<table>]) : integer |
| Creates or updates the entry associated to the incoming connection's source |
| address in the current proxy's stick-table or in the designated stick-table. |
| This table must be configured to store the "conn_cnt" data type, otherwise |
| the match will be ignored. The current count is incremented by one, and the |
| expiration timer refreshed. The updated count is returned, so this match |
| can't return zero. This was used to reject service abusers based on their |
| source address. Note: it is recommended to use the more complete "track-sc*" |
| actions in "tcp-request" rules instead. |
| |
| Example : |
| # This frontend limits incoming SSH connections to 3 per 10 second for |
| # each source address, and rejects excess connections until a 10 second |
| # silence is observed. At most 20 addresses are tracked. |
| listen ssh |
| bind :22 |
| mode tcp |
| maxconn 100 |
| stick-table type ip size 20 expire 10s store conn_cnt |
| tcp-request content reject if { src_updt_conn_cnt gt 3 } |
| server local 127.0.0.1:22 |
| |
| srv_id : integer |
| Returns an integer containing the server's id when processing the response. |
| While it's almost only used with ACLs, it may be used for logging or |
| debugging. |
| |
| |
| 7.3.4. Fetching samples at Layer 5 |
| ---------------------------------- |
| |
| The layer 5 usually describes just the session layer which in haproxy is |
| closest to the session once all the connection handshakes are finished, but |
| when no content is yet made available. The fetch methods described here are |
| usable as low as the "tcp-request content" rule sets unless they require some |
| future information. Those generally include the results of SSL negotiations. |
| |
| ssl_bc : boolean |
| Returns true when the back connection was made via an SSL/TLS transport |
| layer and is locally deciphered. This means the outgoing connection was made |
| other a server with the "ssl" option. |
| |
| ssl_bc_alg_keysize : integer |
| Returns the symmetric cipher key size supported in bits when the outgoing |
| connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer. |
| |
| ssl_bc_cipher : string |
| Returns the name of the used cipher when the outgoing connection was made |
| over an SSL/TLS transport layer. |
| |
| ssl_bc_protocol : string |
| Returns the name of the used protocol when the outgoing connection was made |
| over an SSL/TLS transport layer. |
| |
| ssl_bc_unique_id : binary |
| When the outgoing connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer, |
| returns the TLS unique ID as defined in RFC5929 section 3. The unique id |
| can be encoded to base64 using the converter: "ssl_bc_unique_id,base64". |
| |
| ssl_bc_session_id : binary |
| Returns the SSL ID of the back connection when the outgoing connection was |
| made over an SSL/TLS transport layer. It is useful to log if we want to know |
| if session was reused or not. |
| |
| ssl_bc_use_keysize : integer |
| Returns the symmetric cipher key size used in bits when the outgoing |
| connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer. |
| |
| ssl_c_ca_err : integer |
| When the incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer, |
| returns the ID of the first error detected during verification of the client |
| certificate at depth > 0, or 0 if no error was encountered during this |
| verification process. Please refer to your SSL library's documentation to |
| find the exhaustive list of error codes. |
| |
| ssl_c_ca_err_depth : integer |
| When the incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer, |
| returns the depth in the CA chain of the first error detected during the |
| verification of the client certificate. If no error is encountered, 0 is |
| returned. |
| |
| ssl_c_der : binary |
| Returns the DER formatted certificate presented by the client when the |
| incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer. When used for |
| an ACL, the value(s) to match against can be passed in hexadecimal form. |
| |
| ssl_c_err : integer |
| When the incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer, |
| returns the ID of the first error detected during verification at depth 0, or |
| 0 if no error was encountered during this verification process. Please refer |
| to your SSL library's documentation to find the exhaustive list of error |
| codes. |
| |
| ssl_c_i_dn([<entry>[,<occ>]]) : string |
| When the incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer, |
| returns the full distinguished name of the issuer of the certificate |
| presented by the client when no <entry> is specified, or the value of the |
| first given entry found from the beginning of the DN. If a positive/negative |
| occurrence number is specified as the optional second argument, it returns |
| the value of the nth given entry value from the beginning/end of the DN. |
| For instance, "ssl_c_i_dn(OU,2)" the second organization unit, and |
| "ssl_c_i_dn(CN)" retrieves the common name. |
| |
| ssl_c_key_alg : string |
| Returns the name of the algorithm used to generate the key of the certificate |
| presented by the client when the incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS |
| transport layer. |
| |
| ssl_c_notafter : string |
| Returns the end date presented by the client as a formatted string |
| YYMMDDhhmmss[Z] when the incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS |
| transport layer. |
| |
| ssl_c_notbefore : string |
| Returns the start date presented by the client as a formatted string |
| YYMMDDhhmmss[Z] when the incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS |
| transport layer. |
| |
| ssl_c_s_dn([<entry>[,<occ>]]) : string |
| When the incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer, |
| returns the full distinguished name of the subject of the certificate |
| presented by the client when no <entry> is specified, or the value of the |
| first given entry found from the beginning of the DN. If a positive/negative |
| occurrence number is specified as the optional second argument, it returns |
| the value of the nth given entry value from the beginning/end of the DN. |
| For instance, "ssl_c_s_dn(OU,2)" the second organization unit, and |
| "ssl_c_s_dn(CN)" retrieves the common name. |
| |
| ssl_c_serial : binary |
| Returns the serial of the certificate presented by the client when the |
| incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer. When used for |
| an ACL, the value(s) to match against can be passed in hexadecimal form. |
| |
| ssl_c_sha1 : binary |
| Returns the SHA-1 fingerprint of the certificate presented by the client when |
| the incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer. This can be |
| used to stick a client to a server, or to pass this information to a server. |
| Note that the output is binary, so if you want to pass that signature to the |
| server, you need to encode it in hex or base64, such as in the example below: |
| |
| http-request set-header X-SSL-Client-SHA1 %[ssl_c_sha1,hex] |
| |
| ssl_c_sig_alg : string |
| Returns the name of the algorithm used to sign the certificate presented by |
| the client when the incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport |
| layer. |
| |
| ssl_c_used : boolean |
| Returns true if current SSL session uses a client certificate even if current |
| connection uses SSL session resumption. See also "ssl_fc_has_crt". |
| |
| ssl_c_verify : integer |
| Returns the verify result error ID when the incoming connection was made over |
| an SSL/TLS transport layer, otherwise zero if no error is encountered. Please |
| refer to your SSL library's documentation for an exhaustive list of error |
| codes. |
| |
| ssl_c_version : integer |
| Returns the version of the certificate presented by the client when the |
| incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer. |
| |
| ssl_f_der : binary |
| Returns the DER formatted certificate presented by the frontend when the |
| incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer. When used for |
| an ACL, the value(s) to match against can be passed in hexadecimal form. |
| |
| ssl_f_i_dn([<entry>[,<occ>]]) : string |
| When the incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer, |
| returns the full distinguished name of the issuer of the certificate |
| presented by the frontend when no <entry> is specified, or the value of the |
| first given entry found from the beginning of the DN. If a positive/negative |
| occurrence number is specified as the optional second argument, it returns |
| the value of the nth given entry value from the beginning/end of the DN. |
| For instance, "ssl_f_i_dn(OU,2)" the second organization unit, and |
| "ssl_f_i_dn(CN)" retrieves the common name. |
| |
| ssl_f_key_alg : string |
| Returns the name of the algorithm used to generate the key of the certificate |
| presented by the frontend when the incoming connection was made over an |
| SSL/TLS transport layer. |
| |
| ssl_f_notafter : string |
| Returns the end date presented by the frontend as a formatted string |
| YYMMDDhhmmss[Z] when the incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS |
| transport layer. |
| |
| ssl_f_notbefore : string |
| Returns the start date presented by the frontend as a formatted string |
| YYMMDDhhmmss[Z] when the incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS |
| transport layer. |
| |
| ssl_f_s_dn([<entry>[,<occ>]]) : string |
| When the incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer, |
| returns the full distinguished name of the subject of the certificate |
| presented by the frontend when no <entry> is specified, or the value of the |
| first given entry found from the beginning of the DN. If a positive/negative |
| occurrence number is specified as the optional second argument, it returns |
| the value of the nth given entry value from the beginning/end of the DN. |
| For instance, "ssl_f_s_dn(OU,2)" the second organization unit, and |
| "ssl_f_s_dn(CN)" retrieves the common name. |
| |
| ssl_f_serial : binary |
| Returns the serial of the certificate presented by the frontend when the |
| incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer. When used for |
| an ACL, the value(s) to match against can be passed in hexadecimal form. |
| |
| ssl_f_sha1 : binary |
| Returns the SHA-1 fingerprint of the certificate presented by the frontend |
| when the incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer. This |
| can be used to know which certificate was chosen using SNI. |
| |
| ssl_f_sig_alg : string |
| Returns the name of the algorithm used to sign the certificate presented by |
| the frontend when the incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport |
| layer. |
| |
| ssl_f_version : integer |
| Returns the version of the certificate presented by the frontend when the |
| incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer. |
| |
| ssl_fc : boolean |
| Returns true when the front connection was made via an SSL/TLS transport |
| layer and is locally deciphered. This means it has matched a socket declared |
| with a "bind" line having the "ssl" option. |
| |
| Example : |
| # This passes "X-Proto: https" to servers when client connects over SSL |
| listen http-https |
| bind :80 |
| bind :443 ssl crt /etc/haproxy.pem |
| http-request add-header X-Proto https if { ssl_fc } |
| |
| ssl_fc_alg_keysize : integer |
| Returns the symmetric cipher key size supported in bits when the incoming |
| connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer. |
| |
| ssl_fc_alpn : string |
| This extracts the Application Layer Protocol Negotiation field from an |
| incoming connection made via a TLS transport layer and locally deciphered by |
| haproxy. The result is a string containing the protocol name advertised by |
| the client. The SSL library must have been built with support for TLS |
| extensions enabled (check haproxy -vv). Note that the TLS ALPN extension is |
| not advertised unless the "alpn" keyword on the "bind" line specifies a |
| protocol list. Also, nothing forces the client to pick a protocol from this |
| list, any other one may be requested. The TLS ALPN extension is meant to |
| replace the TLS NPN extension. See also "ssl_fc_npn". |
| |
| ssl_fc_cipher : string |
| Returns the name of the used cipher when the incoming connection was made |
| over an SSL/TLS transport layer. |
| |
| ssl_fc_has_crt : boolean |
| Returns true if a client certificate is present in an incoming connection over |
| SSL/TLS transport layer. Useful if 'verify' statement is set to 'optional'. |
| Note: on SSL session resumption with Session ID or TLS ticket, client |
| certificate is not present in the current connection but may be retrieved |
| from the cache or the ticket. So prefer "ssl_c_used" if you want to check if |
| current SSL session uses a client certificate. |
| |
| ssl_fc_has_sni : boolean |
| This checks for the presence of a Server Name Indication TLS extension (SNI) |
| in an incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer. Returns |
| true when the incoming connection presents a TLS SNI field. This requires |
| that the SSL library is build with support for TLS extensions enabled (check |
| haproxy -vv). |
| |
| ssl_fc_npn : string |
| This extracts the Next Protocol Negotiation field from an incoming connection |
| made via a TLS transport layer and locally deciphered by haproxy. The result |
| is a string containing the protocol name advertised by the client. The SSL |
| library must have been built with support for TLS extensions enabled (check |
| haproxy -vv). Note that the TLS NPN extension is not advertised unless the |
| "npn" keyword on the "bind" line specifies a protocol list. Also, nothing |
| forces the client to pick a protocol from this list, any other one may be |
| requested. Please note that the TLS NPN extension was replaced with ALPN. |
| |
| ssl_fc_protocol : string |
| Returns the name of the used protocol when the incoming connection was made |
| over an SSL/TLS transport layer. |
| |
| ssl_fc_unique_id : binary |
| When the incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer, |
| returns the TLS unique ID as defined in RFC5929 section 3. The unique id |
| can be encoded to base64 using the converter: "ssl_bc_unique_id,base64". |
| |
| ssl_fc_session_id : binary |
| Returns the SSL ID of the front connection when the incoming connection was |
| made over an SSL/TLS transport layer. It is useful to stick a given client to |
| a server. It is important to note that some browsers refresh their session ID |
| every few minutes. |
| |
| ssl_fc_sni : string |
| This extracts the Server Name Indication TLS extension (SNI) field from an |
| incoming connection made via an SSL/TLS transport layer and locally |
| deciphered by haproxy. The result (when present) typically is a string |
| matching the HTTPS host name (253 chars or less). The SSL library must have |
| been built with support for TLS extensions enabled (check haproxy -vv). |
| |
| This fetch is different from "req_ssl_sni" above in that it applies to the |
| connection being deciphered by haproxy and not to SSL contents being blindly |
| forwarded. See also "ssl_fc_sni_end" and "ssl_fc_sni_reg" below. This |
| requires that the SSL library is build with support for TLS extensions |
| enabled (check haproxy -vv). |
| |
| ACL derivatives : |
| ssl_fc_sni_end : suffix match |
| ssl_fc_sni_reg : regex match |
| |
| ssl_fc_use_keysize : integer |
| Returns the symmetric cipher key size used in bits when the incoming |
| connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer. |
| |
| |
| 7.3.5. Fetching samples from buffer contents (Layer 6) |
| ------------------------------------------------------ |
| |
| Fetching samples from buffer contents is a bit different from the previous |
| sample fetches above because the sampled data are ephemeral. These data can |
| only be used when they're available and will be lost when they're forwarded. |
| For this reason, samples fetched from buffer contents during a request cannot |
| be used in a response for example. Even while the data are being fetched, they |
| can change. Sometimes it is necessary to set some delays or combine multiple |
| sample fetch methods to ensure that the expected data are complete and usable, |
| for example through TCP request content inspection. Please see the "tcp-request |
| content" keyword for more detailed information on the subject. |
| |
| payload(<offset>,<length>) : binary (deprecated) |
| This is an alias for "req.payload" when used in the context of a request (eg: |
| "stick on", "stick match"), and for "res.payload" when used in the context of |
| a response such as in "stick store response". |
| |
| payload_lv(<offset1>,<length>[,<offset2>]) : binary (deprecated) |
| This is an alias for "req.payload_lv" when used in the context of a request |
| (eg: "stick on", "stick match"), and for "res.payload_lv" when used in the |
| context of a response such as in "stick store response". |
| |
| req.len : integer |
| req_len : integer (deprecated) |
| Returns an integer value corresponding to the number of bytes present in the |
| request buffer. This is mostly used in ACL. It is important to understand |
| that this test does not return false as long as the buffer is changing. This |
| means that a check with equality to zero will almost always immediately match |
| at the beginning of the session, while a test for more data will wait for |
| that data to come in and return false only when haproxy is certain that no |
| more data will come in. This test was designed to be used with TCP request |
| content inspection. |
| |
| req.payload(<offset>,<length>) : binary |
| This extracts a binary block of <length> bytes and starting at byte <offset> |
| in the request buffer. As a special case, if the <length> argument is zero, |
| the the whole buffer from <offset> to the end is extracted. This can be used |
| with ACLs in order to check for the presence of some content in a buffer at |
| any location. |
| |
| ACL alternatives : |
| payload(<offset>,<length>) : hex binary match |
| |
| req.payload_lv(<offset1>,<length>[,<offset2>]) : binary |
| This extracts a binary block whose size is specified at <offset1> for <length> |
| bytes, and which starts at <offset2> if specified or just after the length in |
| the request buffer. The <offset2> parameter also supports relative offsets if |
| prepended with a '+' or '-' sign. |
| |
| ACL alternatives : |
| payload_lv(<offset1>,<length>[,<offset2>]) : hex binary match |
| |
| Example : please consult the example from the "stick store-response" keyword. |
| |
| req.proto_http : boolean |
| req_proto_http : boolean (deprecated) |
| Returns true when data in the request buffer look like HTTP and correctly |
| parses as such. It is the same parser as the common HTTP request parser which |
| is used so there should be no surprises. The test does not match until the |
| request is complete, failed or timed out. This test may be used to report the |
| protocol in TCP logs, but the biggest use is to block TCP request analysis |
| until a complete HTTP request is present in the buffer, for example to track |
| a header. |
| |
| Example: |
| # track request counts per "base" (concatenation of Host+URL) |
| tcp-request inspect-delay 10s |
| tcp-request content reject if !HTTP |
| tcp-request content track-sc0 base table req-rate |
| |
| req.rdp_cookie([<name>]) : string |
| rdp_cookie([<name>]) : string (deprecated) |
| When the request buffer looks like the RDP protocol, extracts the RDP cookie |
| <name>, or any cookie if unspecified. The parser only checks for the first |
| cookie, as illustrated in the RDP protocol specification. The cookie name is |
| case insensitive. Generally the "MSTS" cookie name will be used, as it can |
| contain the user name of the client connecting to the server if properly |
| configured on the client. The "MSTSHASH" cookie is often used as well for |
| session stickiness to servers. |
| |
| This differs from "balance rdp-cookie" in that any balancing algorithm may be |
| used and thus the distribution of clients to backend servers is not linked to |
| a hash of the RDP cookie. It is envisaged that using a balancing algorithm |
| such as "balance roundrobin" or "balance leastconn" will lead to a more even |
| distribution of clients to backend servers than the hash used by "balance |
| rdp-cookie". |
| |
| ACL derivatives : |
| req_rdp_cookie([<name>]) : exact string match |
| |
| Example : |
| listen tse-farm |
| bind 0.0.0.0:3389 |
| # wait up to 5s for an RDP cookie in the request |
| tcp-request inspect-delay 5s |
| tcp-request content accept if RDP_COOKIE |
| # apply RDP cookie persistence |
| persist rdp-cookie |
| # Persist based on the mstshash cookie |
| # This is only useful makes sense if |
| # balance rdp-cookie is not used |
| stick-table type string size 204800 |
| stick on req.rdp_cookie(mstshash) |
| server srv1 1.1.1.1:3389 |
| server srv1 1.1.1.2:3389 |
| |
| See also : "balance rdp-cookie", "persist rdp-cookie", "tcp-request" and the |
| "req_rdp_cookie" ACL. |
| |
| req.rdp_cookie_cnt([name]) : integer |
| rdp_cookie_cnt([name]) : integer (deprecated) |
| Tries to parse the request buffer as RDP protocol, then returns an integer |
| corresponding to the number of RDP cookies found. If an optional cookie name |
| is passed, only cookies matching this name are considered. This is mostly |
| used in ACL. |
| |
| ACL derivatives : |
| req_rdp_cookie_cnt([<name>]) : integer match |
| |
| req.ssl_hello_type : integer |
| req_ssl_hello_type : integer (deprecated) |
| Returns an integer value containing the type of the SSL hello message found |
| in the request buffer if the buffer contains data that parse as a complete |
| SSL (v3 or superior) client hello message. Note that this only applies to raw |
| contents found in the request buffer and not to contents deciphered via an |
| SSL data layer, so this will not work with "bind" lines having the "ssl" |
| option. This is mostly used in ACL to detect presence of an SSL hello message |
| that is supposed to contain an SSL session ID usable for stickiness. |
| |
| req.ssl_sni : string |
| req_ssl_sni : string (deprecated) |
| Returns a string containing the value of the Server Name TLS extension sent |
| by a client in a TLS stream passing through the request buffer if the buffer |
| contains data that parse as a complete SSL (v3 or superior) client hello |
| message. Note that this only applies to raw contents found in the request |
| buffer and not to contents deciphered via an SSL data layer, so this will not |
| work with "bind" lines having the "ssl" option. SNI normally contains the |
| name of the host the client tries to connect to (for recent browsers). SNI is |
| useful for allowing or denying access to certain hosts when SSL/TLS is used |
| by the client. This test was designed to be used with TCP request content |
| inspection. If content switching is needed, it is recommended to first wait |
| for a complete client hello (type 1), like in the example below. See also |
| "ssl_fc_sni". |
| |
| ACL derivatives : |
| req_ssl_sni : exact string match |
| |
| Examples : |
| # Wait for a client hello for at most 5 seconds |
| tcp-request inspect-delay 5s |
| tcp-request content accept if { req_ssl_hello_type 1 } |
| use_backend bk_allow if { req_ssl_sni -f allowed_sites } |
| default_backend bk_sorry_page |
| |
| res.ssl_hello_type : integer |
| rep_ssl_hello_type : integer (deprecated) |
| Returns an integer value containing the type of the SSL hello message found |
| in the response buffer if the buffer contains data that parses as a complete |
| SSL (v3 or superior) hello message. Note that this only applies to raw |
| contents found in the response buffer and not to contents deciphered via an |
| SSL data layer, so this will not work with "server" lines having the "ssl" |
| option. This is mostly used in ACL to detect presence of an SSL hello message |
| that is supposed to contain an SSL session ID usable for stickiness. |
| |
| req.ssl_ver : integer |
| req_ssl_ver : integer (deprecated) |
| Returns an integer value containing the version of the SSL/TLS protocol of a |
| stream present in the request buffer. Both SSLv2 hello messages and SSLv3 |
| messages are supported. TLSv1 is announced as SSL version 3.1. The value is |
| composed of the major version multiplied by 65536, added to the minor |
| version. Note that this only applies to raw contents found in the request |
| buffer and not to contents deciphered via an SSL data layer, so this will not |
| work with "bind" lines having the "ssl" option. The ACL version of the test |
| matches against a decimal notation in the form MAJOR.MINOR (eg: 3.1). This |
| fetch is mostly used in ACL. |
| |
| ACL derivatives : |
| req_ssl_ver : decimal match |
| |
| res.len : integer |
| Returns an integer value corresponding to the number of bytes present in the |
| response buffer. This is mostly used in ACL. It is important to understand |
| that this test does not return false as long as the buffer is changing. This |
| means that a check with equality to zero will almost always immediately match |
| at the beginning of the session, while a test for more data will wait for |
| that data to come in and return false only when haproxy is certain that no |
| more data will come in. This test was designed to be used with TCP response |
| content inspection. |
| |
| res.payload(<offset>,<length>) : binary |
| This extracts a binary block of <length> bytes and starting at byte <offset> |
| in the response buffer. As a special case, if the <length> argument is zero, |
| the the whole buffer from <offset> to the end is extracted. This can be used |
| with ACLs in order to check for the presence of some content in a buffer at |
| any location. |
| |
| res.payload_lv(<offset1>,<length>[,<offset2>]) : binary |
| This extracts a binary block whose size is specified at <offset1> for <length> |
| bytes, and which starts at <offset2> if specified or just after the length in |
| the response buffer. The <offset2> parameter also supports relative offsets |
| if prepended with a '+' or '-' sign. |
| |
| Example : please consult the example from the "stick store-response" keyword. |
| |
| wait_end : boolean |
| This fetch either returns true when the inspection period is over, or does |
| not fetch. It is only used in ACLs, in conjunction with content analysis to |
| avoid returning a wrong verdict early. It may also be used to delay some |
| actions, such as a delayed reject for some special addresses. Since it either |
| stops the rules evaluation or immediately returns true, it is recommended to |
| use this acl as the last one in a rule. Please note that the default ACL |
| "WAIT_END" is always usable without prior declaration. This test was designed |
| to be used with TCP request content inspection. |
| |
| Examples : |
| # delay every incoming request by 2 seconds |
| tcp-request inspect-delay 2s |
| tcp-request content accept if WAIT_END |
| |
| # don't immediately tell bad guys they are rejected |
| tcp-request inspect-delay 10s |
| acl goodguys src 10.0.0.0/24 |
| acl badguys src 10.0.1.0/24 |
| tcp-request content accept if goodguys |
| tcp-request content reject if badguys WAIT_END |
| tcp-request content reject |
| |
| |
| 7.3.6. Fetching HTTP samples (Layer 7) |
| -------------------------------------- |
| |
| It is possible to fetch samples from HTTP contents, requests and responses. |
| This application layer is also called layer 7. It is only possible to fetch the |
| data in this section when a full HTTP request or response has been parsed from |
| its respective request or response buffer. This is always the case with all |
| HTTP specific rules and for sections running with "mode http". When using TCP |
| content inspection, it may be necessary to support an inspection delay in order |
| to let the request or response come in first. These fetches may require a bit |
| more CPU resources than the layer 4 ones, but not much since the request and |
| response are indexed. |
| |
| base : string |
| This returns the concatenation of the first Host header and the path part of |
| the request, which starts at the first slash and ends before the question |
| mark. It can be useful in virtual hosted environments to detect URL abuses as |
| well as to improve shared caches efficiency. Using this with a limited size |
| stick table also allows one to collect statistics about most commonly |
| requested objects by host/path. With ACLs it can allow simple content |
| switching rules involving the host and the path at the same time, such as |
| "www.example.com/favicon.ico". See also "path" and "uri". |
| |
| ACL derivatives : |
| base : exact string match |
| base_beg : prefix match |
| base_dir : subdir match |
| base_dom : domain match |
| base_end : suffix match |
| base_len : length match |
| base_reg : regex match |
| base_sub : substring match |
| |
| base32 : integer |
| This returns a 32-bit hash of the value returned by the "base" fetch method |
| above. This is useful to track per-URL activity on high traffic sites without |
| having to store all URLs. Instead a shorter hash is stored, saving a lot of |
| memory. The output type is an unsigned integer. The hash function used is |
| SDBM with full avalanche on the output. Technically, base32 is exactly equal |
| to "base,sdbm(1)". |
| |
| base32+src : binary |
| This returns the concatenation of the base32 fetch above and the src fetch |
| below. The resulting type is of type binary, with a size of 8 or 20 bytes |
| depending on the source address family. This can be used to track per-IP, |
| per-URL counters. |
| |
| capture.req.hdr(<idx>) : string |
| This extracts the content of the header captured by the "capture request |
| header", idx is the position of the capture keyword in the configuration. |
| The first entry is an index of 0. See also: "capture request header". |
| |
| capture.req.method : string |
| This extracts the METHOD of an HTTP request. It can be used in both request |
| and response. Unlike "method", it can be used in both request and response |
| because it's allocated. |
| |
| capture.req.uri : string |
| This extracts the request's URI, which starts at the first slash and ends |
| before the first space in the request (without the host part). Unlike "path" |
| and "url", it can be used in both request and response because it's |
| allocated. |
| |
| capture.req.ver : string |
| This extracts the request's HTTP version and returns either "HTTP/1.0" or |
| "HTTP/1.1". Unlike "req.ver", it can be used in both request, response, and |
| logs because it relies on a persistent flag. |
| |
| capture.res.hdr(<idx>) : string |
| This extracts the content of the header captured by the "capture response |
| header", idx is the position of the capture keyword in the configuration. |
| The first entry is an index of 0. |
| See also: "capture response header" |
| |
| capture.res.ver : string |
| This extracts the response's HTTP version and returns either "HTTP/1.0" or |
| "HTTP/1.1". Unlike "res.ver", it can be used in logs because it relies on a |
| persistent flag. |
| |
| req.cook([<name>]) : string |
| cook([<name>]) : string (deprecated) |
| This extracts the last occurrence of the cookie name <name> on a "Cookie" |
| header line from the request, and returns its value as string. If no name is |
| specified, the first cookie value is returned. When used with ACLs, all |
| matching cookies are evaluated. Spaces around the name and the value are |
| ignored as requested by the Cookie header specification (RFC6265). The cookie |
| name is case-sensitive. Empty cookies are valid, so an empty cookie may very |
| well return an empty value if it is present. Use the "found" match to detect |
| presence. Use the res.cook() variant for response cookies sent by the server. |
| |
| ACL derivatives : |
| cook([<name>]) : exact string match |
| cook_beg([<name>]) : prefix match |
| cook_dir([<name>]) : subdir match |
| cook_dom([<name>]) : domain match |
| cook_end([<name>]) : suffix match |
| cook_len([<name>]) : length match |
| cook_reg([<name>]) : regex match |
| cook_sub([<name>]) : substring match |
| |
| req.cook_cnt([<name>]) : integer |
| cook_cnt([<name>]) : integer (deprecated) |
| Returns an integer value representing the number of occurrences of the cookie |
| <name> in the request, or all cookies if <name> is not specified. |
| |
| req.cook_val([<name>]) : integer |
| cook_val([<name>]) : integer (deprecated) |
| This extracts the last occurrence of the cookie name <name> on a "Cookie" |
| header line from the request, and converts its value to an integer which is |
| returned. If no name is specified, the first cookie value is returned. When |
| used in ACLs, all matching names are iterated over until a value matches. |
| |
| cookie([<name>]) : string (deprecated) |
| This extracts the last occurrence of the cookie name <name> on a "Cookie" |
| header line from the request, or a "Set-Cookie" header from the response, and |
| returns its value as a string. A typical use is to get multiple clients |
| sharing a same profile use the same server. This can be similar to what |
| "appsession" does with the "request-learn" statement, but with support for |
| multi-peer synchronization and state keeping across restarts. If no name is |
| specified, the first cookie value is returned. This fetch should not be used |
| anymore and should be replaced by req.cook() or res.cook() instead as it |
| ambiguously uses the direction based on the context where it is used. |
| See also : "appsession". |
| |
| hdr([<name>[,<occ>]]) : string |
| This is equivalent to req.hdr() when used on requests, and to res.hdr() when |
| used on responses. Please refer to these respective fetches for more details. |
| In case of doubt about the fetch direction, please use the explicit ones. |
| Note that contrary to the hdr() sample fetch method, the hdr_* ACL keywords |
| unambiguously apply to the request headers. |
| |
| req.fhdr(<name>[,<occ>]) : string |
| This extracts the last occurrence of header <name> in an HTTP request. When |
| used from an ACL, all occurrences are iterated over until a match is found. |
| Optionally, a specific occurrence might be specified as a position number. |
| Positive values indicate a position from the first occurrence, with 1 being |
| the first one. Negative values indicate positions relative to the last one, |
| with -1 being the last one. It differs from req.hdr() in that any commas |
| present in the value are returned and are not used as delimiters. This is |
| sometimes useful with headers such as User-Agent. |
| |
| req.fhdr_cnt([<name>]) : integer |
| Returns an integer value representing the number of occurrences of request |
| header field name <name>, or the total number of header fields if <name> is |
| not specified. Contrary to its req.hdr_cnt() cousin, this function returns |
| the number of full line headers and does not stop on commas. |
| |
| req.hdr([<name>[,<occ>]]) : string |
| This extracts the last occurrence of header <name> in an HTTP request. When |
| used from an ACL, all occurrences are iterated over until a match is found. |
| Optionally, a specific occurrence might be specified as a position number. |
| Positive values indicate a position from the first occurrence, with 1 being |
| the first one. Negative values indicate positions relative to the last one, |
| with -1 being the last one. A typical use is with the X-Forwarded-For header |
| once converted to IP, associated with an IP stick-table. The function |
| considers any comma as a delimiter for distinct values. If full-line headers |
| are desired instead, use req.fhdr(). Please carefully check RFC2616 to know |
| how certain headers are supposed to be parsed. Also, some of them are case |
| insensitive (eg: Connection). |
| |
| ACL derivatives : |
| hdr([<name>[,<occ>]]) : exact string match |
| hdr_beg([<name>[,<occ>]]) : prefix match |
| hdr_dir([<name>[,<occ>]]) : subdir match |
| hdr_dom([<name>[,<occ>]]) : domain match |
| hdr_end([<name>[,<occ>]]) : suffix match |
| hdr_len([<name>[,<occ>]]) : length match |
| hdr_reg([<name>[,<occ>]]) : regex match |
| hdr_sub([<name>[,<occ>]]) : substring match |
| |
| req.hdr_cnt([<name>]) : integer |
| hdr_cnt([<header>]) : integer (deprecated) |
| Returns an integer value representing the number of occurrences of request |
| header field name <name>, or the total number of header field values if |
| <name> is not specified. It is important to remember that one header line may |
| count as several headers if it has several values. The function considers any |
| comma as a delimiter for distinct values. If full-line headers are desired |
| instead, req.fhdr_cnt() should be used instead. With ACLs, it can be used to |
| detect presence, absence or abuse of a specific header, as well as to block |
| request smuggling attacks by rejecting requests which contain more than one |
| of certain headers. See "req.hdr" for more information on header matching. |
| |
| req.hdr_ip([<name>[,<occ>]]) : ip |
| hdr_ip([<name>[,<occ>]]) : ip (deprecated) |
| This extracts the last occurrence of header <name> in an HTTP request, |
| converts it to an IPv4 or IPv6 address and returns this address. When used |
| with ACLs, all occurrences are checked, and if <name> is omitted, every value |
| of every header is checked. Optionally, a specific occurrence might be |
| specified as a position number. Positive values indicate a position from the |
| first occurrence, with 1 being the first one. Negative values indicate |
| positions relative to the last one, with -1 being the last one. A typical use |
| is with the X-Forwarded-For and X-Client-IP headers. |
| |
| req.hdr_val([<name>[,<occ>]]) : integer |
| hdr_val([<name>[,<occ>]]) : integer (deprecated) |
| This extracts the last occurrence of header <name> in an HTTP request, and |
| converts it to an integer value. When used with ACLs, all occurrences are |
| checked, and if <name> is omitted, every value of every header is checked. |
| Optionally, a specific occurrence might be specified as a position number. |
| Positive values indicate a position from the first occurrence, with 1 being |
| the first one. Negative values indicate positions relative to the last one, |
| with -1 being the last one. A typical use is with the X-Forwarded-For header. |
| |
| http_auth(<userlist>) : boolean |
| Returns a boolean indicating whether the authentication data received from |
| the client match a username & password stored in the specified userlist. This |
| fetch function is not really useful outside of ACLs. Currently only http |
| basic auth is supported. |
| |
| http_auth_group(<userlist>) : string |
| Returns a string corresponding to the user name found in the authentication |
| data received from the client if both the user name and password are valid |
| according to the specified userlist. The main purpose is to use it in ACLs |
| where it is then checked whether the user belongs to any group within a list. |
| This fetch function is not really useful outside of ACLs. Currently only http |
| basic auth is supported. |
| |
| ACL derivatives : |
| http_auth_group(<userlist>) : group ... |
| Returns true when the user extracted from the request and whose password is |
| valid according to the specified userlist belongs to at least one of the |
| groups. |
| |
| http_first_req : boolean |
| Returns true when the request being processed is the first one of the |
| connection. This can be used to add or remove headers that may be missing |
| from some requests when a request is not the first one, or to help grouping |
| requests in the logs. |
| |
| method : integer + string |
| Returns an integer value corresponding to the method in the HTTP request. For |
| example, "GET" equals 1 (check sources to establish the matching). Value 9 |
| means "other method" and may be converted to a string extracted from the |
| stream. This should not be used directly as a sample, this is only meant to |
| be used from ACLs, which transparently convert methods from patterns to these |
| integer + string values. Some predefined ACL already check for most common |
| methods. |
| |
| ACL derivatives : |
| method : case insensitive method match |
| |
| Example : |
| # only accept GET and HEAD requests |
| acl valid_method method GET HEAD |
| http-request deny if ! valid_method |
| |
| path : string |
| This extracts the request's URL path, which starts at the first slash and |
| ends before the question mark (without the host part). A typical use is with |
| prefetch-capable caches, and with portals which need to aggregate multiple |
| information from databases and keep them in caches. Note that with outgoing |
| caches, it would be wiser to use "url" instead. With ACLs, it's typically |
| used to match exact file names (eg: "/login.php"), or directory parts using |
| the derivative forms. See also the "url" and "base" fetch methods. |
| |
| ACL derivatives : |
| path : exact string match |
| path_beg : prefix match |
| path_dir : subdir match |
| path_dom : domain match |
| path_end : suffix match |
| path_len : length match |
| path_reg : regex match |
| path_sub : substring match |
| |
| query : string |
| This extracts the request's query string, which starts after the first |
| question mark. If no question mark is present, this fetch returns nothing. If |
| a question mark is present but nothing follows, it returns an empty string. |
| This means it's possible to easily know whether a query string is present |
| using the "found" matching method. This fetch is the completemnt of "path" |
| which stops before the question mark. |
| |
| req.hdr_names([<delim>]) : string |
| This builds a string made from the concatenation of all header names as they |
| appear in the request when the rule is evaluated. The default delimiter is |
| the comma (',') but it may be overridden as an optional argument <delim>. In |
| this case, only the first character of <delim> is considered. |
| |
| req.ver : string |
| req_ver : string (deprecated) |
| Returns the version string from the HTTP request, for example "1.1". This can |
| be useful for logs, but is mostly there for ACL. Some predefined ACL already |
| check for versions 1.0 and 1.1. |
| |
| ACL derivatives : |
| req_ver : exact string match |
| |
| res.comp : boolean |
| Returns the boolean "true" value if the response has been compressed by |
| HAProxy, otherwise returns boolean "false". This may be used to add |
| information in the logs. |
| |
| res.comp_algo : string |
| Returns a string containing the name of the algorithm used if the response |
| was compressed by HAProxy, for example : "deflate". This may be used to add |
| some information in the logs. |
| |
| res.cook([<name>]) : string |
| scook([<name>]) : string (deprecated) |
| This extracts the last occurrence of the cookie name <name> on a "Set-Cookie" |
| header line from the response, and returns its value as string. If no name is |
| specified, the first cookie value is returned. |
| |
| ACL derivatives : |
| scook([<name>] : exact string match |
| |
| res.cook_cnt([<name>]) : integer |
| scook_cnt([<name>]) : integer (deprecated) |
| Returns an integer value representing the number of occurrences of the cookie |
| <name> in the response, or all cookies if <name> is not specified. This is |
| mostly useful when combined with ACLs to detect suspicious responses. |
| |
| res.cook_val([<name>]) : integer |
| scook_val([<name>]) : integer (deprecated) |
| This extracts the last occurrence of the cookie name <name> on a "Set-Cookie" |
| header line from the response, and converts its value to an integer which is |
| returned. If no name is specified, the first cookie value is returned. |
| |
| res.fhdr([<name>[,<occ>]]) : string |
| This extracts the last occurrence of header <name> in an HTTP response, or of |
| the last header if no <name> is specified. Optionally, a specific occurrence |
| might be specified as a position number. Positive values indicate a position |
| from the first occurrence, with 1 being the first one. Negative values |
| indicate positions relative to the last one, with -1 being the last one. It |
| differs from res.hdr() in that any commas present in the value are returned |
| and are not used as delimiters. If this is not desired, the res.hdr() fetch |
| should be used instead. This is sometimes useful with headers such as Date or |
| Expires. |
| |
| res.fhdr_cnt([<name>]) : integer |
| Returns an integer value representing the number of occurrences of response |
| header field name <name>, or the total number of header fields if <name> is |
| not specified. Contrary to its res.hdr_cnt() cousin, this function returns |
| the number of full line headers and does not stop on commas. If this is not |
| desired, the res.hdr_cnt() fetch should be used instead. |
| |
| res.hdr([<name>[,<occ>]]) : string |
| shdr([<name>[,<occ>]]) : string (deprecated) |
| This extracts the last occurrence of header <name> in an HTTP response, or of |
| the last header if no <name> is specified. Optionally, a specific occurrence |
| might be specified as a position number. Positive values indicate a position |
| from the first occurrence, with 1 being the first one. Negative values |
| indicate positions relative to the last one, with -1 being the last one. This |
| can be useful to learn some data into a stick-table. The function considers |
| any comma as a delimiter for distinct values. If this is not desired, the |
| res.fhdr() fetch should be used instead. |
| |
| ACL derivatives : |
| shdr([<name>[,<occ>]]) : exact string match |
| shdr_beg([<name>[,<occ>]]) : prefix match |
| shdr_dir([<name>[,<occ>]]) : subdir match |
| shdr_dom([<name>[,<occ>]]) : domain match |
| shdr_end([<name>[,<occ>]]) : suffix match |
| shdr_len([<name>[,<occ>]]) : length match |
| shdr_reg([<name>[,<occ>]]) : regex match |
| shdr_sub([<name>[,<occ>]]) : substring match |
| |
| res.hdr_cnt([<name>]) : integer |
| shdr_cnt([<name>]) : integer (deprecated) |
| Returns an integer value representing the number of occurrences of response |
| header field name <name>, or the total number of header fields if <name> is |
| not specified. The function considers any comma as a delimiter for distinct |
| values. If this is not desired, the res.fhdr_cnt() fetch should be used |
| instead. |
| |
| res.hdr_ip([<name>[,<occ>]]) : ip |
| shdr_ip([<name>[,<occ>]]) : ip (deprecated) |
| This extracts the last occurrence of header <name> in an HTTP response, |
| convert it to an IPv4 or IPv6 address and returns this address. Optionally, a |
| specific occurrence might be specified as a position number. Positive values |
| indicate a position from the first occurrence, with 1 being the first one. |
| Negative values indicate positions relative to the last one, with -1 being |
| the last one. This can be useful to learn some data into a stick table. |
| |
| res.hdr_names([<delim>]) : string |
| This builds a string made from the concatenation of all header names as they |
| appear in the response when the rule is evaluated. The default delimiter is |
| the comma (',') but it may be overridden as an optional argument <delim>. In |
| this case, only the first character of <delim> is considered. |
| |
| res.hdr_val([<name>[,<occ>]]) : integer |
| shdr_val([<name>[,<occ>]]) : integer (deprecated) |
| This extracts the last occurrence of header <name> in an HTTP response, and |
| converts it to an integer value. Optionally, a specific occurrence might be |
| specified as a position number. Positive values indicate a position from the |
| first occurrence, with 1 being the first one. Negative values indicate |
| positions relative to the last one, with -1 being the last one. This can be |
| useful to learn some data into a stick table. |
| |
| res.ver : string |
| resp_ver : string (deprecated) |
| Returns the version string from the HTTP response, for example "1.1". This |
| can be useful for logs, but is mostly there for ACL. |
| |
| ACL derivatives : |
| resp_ver : exact string match |
| |
| set-cookie([<name>]) : string (deprecated) |
| This extracts the last occurrence of the cookie name <name> on a "Set-Cookie" |
| header line from the response and uses the corresponding value to match. This |
| can be comparable to what "appsession" does with default options, but with |
| support for multi-peer synchronization and state keeping across restarts. |
| |
| This fetch function is deprecated and has been superseded by the "res.cook" |
| fetch. This keyword will disappear soon. |
| |
| See also : "appsession" |
| |
| status : integer |
| Returns an integer containing the HTTP status code in the HTTP response, for |
| example, 302. It is mostly used within ACLs and integer ranges, for example, |
| to remove any Location header if the response is not a 3xx. |
| |
| url : string |
| This extracts the request's URL as presented in the request. A typical use is |
| with prefetch-capable caches, and with portals which need to aggregate |
| multiple information from databases and keep them in caches. With ACLs, using |
| "path" is preferred over using "url", because clients may send a full URL as |
| is normally done with proxies. The only real use is to match "*" which does |
| not match in "path", and for which there is already a predefined ACL. See |
| also "path" and "base". |
| |
| ACL derivatives : |
| url : exact string match |
| url_beg : prefix match |
| url_dir : subdir match |
| url_dom : domain match |
| url_end : suffix match |
| url_len : length match |
| url_reg : regex match |
| url_sub : substring match |
| |
| url_ip : ip |
| This extracts the IP address from the request's URL when the host part is |
| presented as an IP address. Its use is very limited. For instance, a |
| monitoring system might use this field as an alternative for the source IP in |
| order to test what path a given source address would follow, or to force an |
| entry in a table for a given source address. With ACLs it can be used to |
| restrict access to certain systems through a proxy, for example when combined |
| with option "http_proxy". |
| |
| url_port : integer |
| This extracts the port part from the request's URL. Note that if the port is |
| not specified in the request, port 80 is assumed. With ACLs it can be used to |
| restrict access to certain systems through a proxy, for example when combined |
| with option "http_proxy". |
| |
| urlp(<name>[,<delim>]) : string |
| url_param(<name>[,<delim>]) : string |
| This extracts the first occurrence of the parameter <name> in the query |
| string, which begins after either '?' or <delim>, and which ends before '&', |
| ';' or <delim>. The parameter name is case-sensitive. The result is a string |
| corresponding to the value of the parameter <name> as presented in the |
| request (no URL decoding is performed). This can be used for session |
| stickiness based on a client ID, to extract an application cookie passed as a |
| URL parameter, or in ACLs to apply some checks. Note that the ACL version of |
| this fetch do not iterate over multiple parameters and stop at the first one |
| as well. |
| |
| ACL derivatives : |
| urlp(<name>[,<delim>]) : exact string match |
| urlp_beg(<name>[,<delim>]) : prefix match |
| urlp_dir(<name>[,<delim>]) : subdir match |
| urlp_dom(<name>[,<delim>]) : domain match |
| urlp_end(<name>[,<delim>]) : suffix match |
| urlp_len(<name>[,<delim>]) : length match |
| urlp_reg(<name>[,<delim>]) : regex match |
| urlp_sub(<name>[,<delim>]) : substring match |
| |
| |
| Example : |
| # match http://example.com/foo?PHPSESSIONID=some_id |
| stick on urlp(PHPSESSIONID) |
| # match http://example.com/foo;JSESSIONID=some_id |
| stick on urlp(JSESSIONID,;) |
| |
| urlp_val(<name>[,<delim>]) : integer |
| See "urlp" above. This one extracts the URL parameter <name> in the request |
| and converts it to an integer value. This can be used for session stickiness |
| based on a user ID for example, or with ACLs to match a page number or price. |
| |
| |
| 7.4. Pre-defined ACLs |
| --------------------- |
| |
| Some predefined ACLs are hard-coded so that they do not have to be declared in |
| every frontend which needs them. They all have their names in upper case in |
| order to avoid confusion. Their equivalence is provided below. |
| |
| ACL name Equivalent to Usage |
| ---------------+-----------------------------+--------------------------------- |
| FALSE always_false never match |
| HTTP req_proto_http match if protocol is valid HTTP |
| HTTP_1.0 req_ver 1.0 match HTTP version 1.0 |
| HTTP_1.1 req_ver 1.1 match HTTP version 1.1 |
| HTTP_CONTENT hdr_val(content-length) gt 0 match an existing content-length |
| HTTP_URL_ABS url_reg ^[^/:]*:// match absolute URL with scheme |
| HTTP_URL_SLASH url_beg / match URL beginning with "/" |
| HTTP_URL_STAR url * match URL equal to "*" |
| LOCALHOST src 127.0.0.1/8 match connection from local host |
| METH_CONNECT method CONNECT match HTTP CONNECT method |
| METH_GET method GET HEAD match HTTP GET or HEAD method |
| METH_HEAD method HEAD match HTTP HEAD method |
| METH_OPTIONS method OPTIONS match HTTP OPTIONS method |
| METH_POST method POST match HTTP POST method |
| METH_TRACE method TRACE match HTTP TRACE method |
| RDP_COOKIE req_rdp_cookie_cnt gt 0 match presence of an RDP cookie |
| REQ_CONTENT req_len gt 0 match data in the request buffer |
| TRUE always_true always match |
| WAIT_END wait_end wait for end of content analysis |
| ---------------+-----------------------------+--------------------------------- |
| |
| |
| 8. Logging |
| ---------- |
| |
| One of HAProxy's strong points certainly lies is its precise logs. It probably |
| provides the finest level of information available for such a product, which is |
| very important for troubleshooting complex environments. Standard information |
| provided in logs include client ports, TCP/HTTP state timers, precise session |
| state at termination and precise termination cause, information about decisions |
| to direct traffic to a server, and of course the ability to capture arbitrary |
| headers. |
| |
| In order to improve administrators reactivity, it offers a great transparency |
| about encountered problems, both internal and external, and it is possible to |
| send logs to different sources at the same time with different level filters : |
| |
| - global process-level logs (system errors, start/stop, etc..) |
| - per-instance system and internal errors (lack of resource, bugs, ...) |
| - per-instance external troubles (servers up/down, max connections) |
| - per-instance activity (client connections), either at the establishment or |
| at the termination. |
| |
| The ability to distribute different levels of logs to different log servers |
| allow several production teams to interact and to fix their problems as soon |
| as possible. For example, the system team might monitor system-wide errors, |
| while the application team might be monitoring the up/down for their servers in |
| real time, and the security team might analyze the activity logs with one hour |
| delay. |
| |
| |
| 8.1. Log levels |
| --------------- |
| |
| TCP and HTTP connections can be logged with information such as the date, time, |
| source IP address, destination address, connection duration, response times, |
| HTTP request, HTTP return code, number of bytes transmitted, conditions |
| in which the session ended, and even exchanged cookies values. For example |
| track a particular user's problems. All messages may be sent to up to two |
| syslog servers. Check the "log" keyword in section 4.2 for more information |
| about log facilities. |
| |
| |
| 8.2. Log formats |
| ---------------- |
| |
| HAProxy supports 5 log formats. Several fields are common between these formats |
| and will be detailed in the following sections. A few of them may vary |
| slightly with the configuration, due to indicators specific to certain |
| options. The supported formats are as follows : |
| |
| - the default format, which is very basic and very rarely used. It only |
| provides very basic information about the incoming connection at the moment |
| it is accepted : source IP:port, destination IP:port, and frontend-name. |
| This mode will eventually disappear so it will not be described to great |
| extents. |
| |
| - the TCP format, which is more advanced. This format is enabled when "option |
| tcplog" is set on the frontend. HAProxy will then usually wait for the |
| connection to terminate before logging. This format provides much richer |
| information, such as timers, connection counts, queue size, etc... This |
| format is recommended for pure TCP proxies. |
| |
| - the HTTP format, which is the most advanced for HTTP proxying. This format |
| is enabled when "option httplog" is set on the frontend. It provides the |
| same information as the TCP format with some HTTP-specific fields such as |
| the request, the status code, and captures of headers and cookies. This |
| format is recommended for HTTP proxies. |
| |
| - the CLF HTTP format, which is equivalent to the HTTP format, but with the |
| fields arranged in the same order as the CLF format. In this mode, all |
| timers, captures, flags, etc... appear one per field after the end of the |
| common fields, in the same order they appear in the standard HTTP format. |
| |
| - the custom log format, allows you to make your own log line. |
| |
| Next sections will go deeper into details for each of these formats. Format |
| specification will be performed on a "field" basis. Unless stated otherwise, a |
| field is a portion of text delimited by any number of spaces. Since syslog |
| servers are susceptible of inserting fields at the beginning of a line, it is |
| always assumed that the first field is the one containing the process name and |
| identifier. |
| |
| Note : Since log lines may be quite long, the log examples in sections below |
| might be broken into multiple lines. The example log lines will be |
| prefixed with 3 closing angle brackets ('>>>') and each time a log is |
| broken into multiple lines, each non-final line will end with a |
| backslash ('\') and the next line will start indented by two characters. |
| |
| |
| 8.2.1. Default log format |
| ------------------------- |
| |
| This format is used when no specific option is set. The log is emitted as soon |
| as the connection is accepted. One should note that this currently is the only |
| format which logs the request's destination IP and ports. |
| |
| Example : |
| listen www |
| mode http |
| log global |
| server srv1 127.0.0.1:8000 |
| |
| >>> Feb 6 12:12:09 localhost \ |
| haproxy[14385]: Connect from 10.0.1.2:33312 to 10.0.3.31:8012 \ |
| (www/HTTP) |
| |
| Field Format Extract from the example above |
| 1 process_name '[' pid ']:' haproxy[14385]: |
| 2 'Connect from' Connect from |
| 3 source_ip ':' source_port 10.0.1.2:33312 |
| 4 'to' to |
| 5 destination_ip ':' destination_port 10.0.3.31:8012 |
| 6 '(' frontend_name '/' mode ')' (www/HTTP) |
| |
| Detailed fields description : |
| - "source_ip" is the IP address of the client which initiated the connection. |
| - "source_port" is the TCP port of the client which initiated the connection. |
| - "destination_ip" is the IP address the client connected to. |
| - "destination_port" is the TCP port the client connected to. |
| - "frontend_name" is the name of the frontend (or listener) which received |
| and processed the connection. |
| - "mode is the mode the frontend is operating (TCP or HTTP). |
| |
| In case of a UNIX socket, the source and destination addresses are marked as |
| "unix:" and the ports reflect the internal ID of the socket which accepted the |
| connection (the same ID as reported in the stats). |
| |
| It is advised not to use this deprecated format for newer installations as it |
| will eventually disappear. |
| |
| |
| 8.2.2. TCP log format |
| --------------------- |
| |
| The TCP format is used when "option tcplog" is specified in the frontend, and |
| is the recommended format for pure TCP proxies. It provides a lot of precious |
| information for troubleshooting. Since this format includes timers and byte |
| counts, the log is normally emitted at the end of the session. It can be |
| emitted earlier if "option logasap" is specified, which makes sense in most |
| environments with long sessions such as remote terminals. Sessions which match |
| the "monitor" rules are never logged. It is also possible not to emit logs for |
| sessions for which no data were exchanged between the client and the server, by |
| specifying "option dontlognull" in the frontend. Successful connections will |
| not be logged if "option dontlog-normal" is specified in the frontend. A few |
| fields may slightly vary depending on some configuration options, those are |
| marked with a star ('*') after the field name below. |
| |
| Example : |
| frontend fnt |
| mode tcp |
| option tcplog |
| log global |
| default_backend bck |
| |
| backend bck |
| server srv1 127.0.0.1:8000 |
| |
| >>> Feb 6 12:12:56 localhost \ |
| haproxy[14387]: 10.0.1.2:33313 [06/Feb/2009:12:12:51.443] fnt \ |
| bck/srv1 0/0/5007 212 -- 0/0/0/0/3 0/0 |
| |
| Field Format Extract from the example above |
| 1 process_name '[' pid ']:' haproxy[14387]: |
| 2 client_ip ':' client_port 10.0.1.2:33313 |
| 3 '[' accept_date ']' [06/Feb/2009:12:12:51.443] |
| 4 frontend_name fnt |
| 5 backend_name '/' server_name bck/srv1 |
| 6 Tw '/' Tc '/' Tt* 0/0/5007 |
| 7 bytes_read* 212 |
| 8 termination_state -- |
| 9 actconn '/' feconn '/' beconn '/' srv_conn '/' retries* 0/0/0/0/3 |
| 10 srv_queue '/' backend_queue 0/0 |
| |
| Detailed fields description : |
| - "client_ip" is the IP address of the client which initiated the TCP |
| connection to haproxy. If the connection was accepted on a UNIX socket |
| instead, the IP address would be replaced with the word "unix". Note that |
| when the connection is accepted on a socket configured with "accept-proxy" |
| and the PROXY protocol is correctly used, then the logs will reflect the |
| forwarded connection's information. |
| |
| - "client_port" is the TCP port of the client which initiated the connection. |
| If the connection was accepted on a UNIX socket instead, the port would be |
| replaced with the ID of the accepting socket, which is also reported in the |
| stats interface. |
| |
| - "accept_date" is the exact date when the connection was received by haproxy |
| (which might be very slightly different from the date observed on the |
| network if there was some queuing in the system's backlog). This is usually |
| the same date which may appear in any upstream firewall's log. |
| |
| - "frontend_name" is the name of the frontend (or listener) which received |
| and processed the connection. |
| |
| - "backend_name" is the name of the backend (or listener) which was selected |
| to manage the connection to the server. This will be the same as the |
| frontend if no switching rule has been applied, which is common for TCP |
| applications. |
| |
| - "server_name" is the name of the last server to which the connection was |
| sent, which might differ from the first one if there were connection errors |
| and a redispatch occurred. Note that this server belongs to the backend |
| which processed the request. If the connection was aborted before reaching |
| a server, "<NOSRV>" is indicated instead of a server name. |
| |
| - "Tw" is the total time in milliseconds spent waiting in the various queues. |
| It can be "-1" if the connection was aborted before reaching the queue. |
| See "Timers" below for more details. |
| |
| - "Tc" is the total time in milliseconds spent waiting for the connection to |
| establish to the final server, including retries. It can be "-1" if the |
| connection was aborted before a connection could be established. See |
| "Timers" below for more details. |
| |
| - "Tt" is the total time in milliseconds elapsed between the accept and the |
| last close. It covers all possible processing. There is one exception, if |
| "option logasap" was specified, then the time counting stops at the moment |
| the log is emitted. In this case, a '+' sign is prepended before the value, |
| indicating that the final one will be larger. See "Timers" below for more |
| details. |
| |
| - "bytes_read" is the total number of bytes transmitted from the server to |
| the client when the log is emitted. If "option logasap" is specified, the |
| this value will be prefixed with a '+' sign indicating that the final one |
| may be larger. Please note that this value is a 64-bit counter, so log |
| analysis tools must be able to handle it without overflowing. |
| |
| - "termination_state" is the condition the session was in when the session |
| ended. This indicates the session state, which side caused the end of |
| session to happen, and for what reason (timeout, error, ...). The normal |
| flags should be "--", indicating the session was closed by either end with |
| no data remaining in buffers. See below "Session state at disconnection" |
| for more details. |
| |
| - "actconn" is the total number of concurrent connections on the process when |
| the session was logged. It is useful to detect when some per-process system |
| limits have been reached. For instance, if actconn is close to 512 when |
| multiple connection errors occur, chances are high that the system limits |
| the process to use a maximum of 1024 file descriptors and that all of them |
| are used. See section 3 "Global parameters" to find how to tune the system. |
| |
| - "feconn" is the total number of concurrent connections on the frontend when |
| the session was logged. It is useful to estimate the amount of resource |
| required to sustain high loads, and to detect when the frontend's "maxconn" |
| has been reached. Most often when this value increases by huge jumps, it is |
| because there is congestion on the backend servers, but sometimes it can be |
| caused by a denial of service attack. |
| |
| - "beconn" is the total number of concurrent connections handled by the |
| backend when the session was logged. It includes the total number of |
| concurrent connections active on servers as well as the number of |
| connections pending in queues. It is useful to estimate the amount of |
| additional servers needed to support high loads for a given application. |
| Most often when this value increases by huge jumps, it is because there is |
| congestion on the backend servers, but sometimes it can be caused by a |
| denial of service attack. |
| |
| - "srv_conn" is the total number of concurrent connections still active on |
| the server when the session was logged. It can never exceed the server's |
| configured "maxconn" parameter. If this value is very often close or equal |
| to the server's "maxconn", it means that traffic regulation is involved a |
| lot, meaning that either the server's maxconn value is too low, or that |
| there aren't enough servers to process the load with an optimal response |
| time. When only one of the server's "srv_conn" is high, it usually means |
| that this server has some trouble causing the connections to take longer to |
| be processed than on other servers. |
| |
| - "retries" is the number of connection retries experienced by this session |
| when trying to connect to the server. It must normally be zero, unless a |
| server is being stopped at the same moment the connection was attempted. |
| Frequent retries generally indicate either a network problem between |
| haproxy and the server, or a misconfigured system backlog on the server |
| preventing new connections from being queued. This field may optionally be |
| prefixed with a '+' sign, indicating that the session has experienced a |
| redispatch after the maximal retry count has been reached on the initial |
| server. In this case, the server name appearing in the log is the one the |
| connection was redispatched to, and not the first one, though both may |
| sometimes be the same in case of hashing for instance. So as a general rule |
| of thumb, when a '+' is present in front of the retry count, this count |
| should not be attributed to the logged server. |
| |
| - "srv_queue" is the total number of requests which were processed before |
| this one in the server queue. It is zero when the request has not gone |
| through the server queue. It makes it possible to estimate the approximate |
| server's response time by dividing the time spent in queue by the number of |
| requests in the queue. It is worth noting that if a session experiences a |
| redispatch and passes through two server queues, their positions will be |
| cumulated. A request should not pass through both the server queue and the |
| backend queue unless a redispatch occurs. |
| |
| - "backend_queue" is the total number of requests which were processed before |
| this one in the backend's global queue. It is zero when the request has not |
| gone through the global queue. It makes it possible to estimate the average |
| queue length, which easily translates into a number of missing servers when |
| divided by a server's "maxconn" parameter. It is worth noting that if a |
| session experiences a redispatch, it may pass twice in the backend's queue, |
| and then both positions will be cumulated. A request should not pass |
| through both the server queue and the backend queue unless a redispatch |
| occurs. |
| |
| |
| 8.2.3. HTTP log format |
| ---------------------- |
| |
| The HTTP format is the most complete and the best suited for HTTP proxies. It |
| is enabled by when "option httplog" is specified in the frontend. It provides |
| the same level of information as the TCP format with additional features which |
| are specific to the HTTP protocol. Just like the TCP format, the log is usually |
| emitted at the end of the session, unless "option logasap" is specified, which |
| generally only makes sense for download sites. A session which matches the |
| "monitor" rules will never logged. It is also possible not to log sessions for |
| which no data were sent by the client by specifying "option dontlognull" in the |
| frontend. Successful connections will not be logged if "option dontlog-normal" |
| is specified in the frontend. |
| |
| Most fields are shared with the TCP log, some being different. A few fields may |
| slightly vary depending on some configuration options. Those ones are marked |
| with a star ('*') after the field name below. |
| |
| Example : |
| frontend http-in |
| mode http |
| option httplog |
| log global |
| default_backend bck |
| |
| backend static |
| server srv1 127.0.0.1:8000 |
| |
| >>> Feb 6 12:14:14 localhost \ |
| haproxy[14389]: 10.0.1.2:33317 [06/Feb/2009:12:14:14.655] http-in \ |
| static/srv1 10/0/30/69/109 200 2750 - - ---- 1/1/1/1/0 0/0 {1wt.eu} \ |
| {} "GET /index.html HTTP/1.1" |
| |
| Field Format Extract from the example above |
| 1 process_name '[' pid ']:' haproxy[14389]: |
| 2 client_ip ':' client_port 10.0.1.2:33317 |
| 3 '[' accept_date ']' [06/Feb/2009:12:14:14.655] |
| 4 frontend_name http-in |
| 5 backend_name '/' server_name static/srv1 |
| 6 Tq '/' Tw '/' Tc '/' Tr '/' Tt* 10/0/30/69/109 |
| 7 status_code 200 |
| 8 bytes_read* 2750 |
| 9 captured_request_cookie - |
| 10 captured_response_cookie - |
| 11 termination_state ---- |
| 12 actconn '/' feconn '/' beconn '/' srv_conn '/' retries* 1/1/1/1/0 |
| 13 srv_queue '/' backend_queue 0/0 |
| 14 '{' captured_request_headers* '}' {haproxy.1wt.eu} |
| 15 '{' captured_response_headers* '}' {} |
| 16 '"' http_request '"' "GET /index.html HTTP/1.1" |
| |
| |
| Detailed fields description : |
| - "client_ip" is the IP address of the client which initiated the TCP |
| connection to haproxy. If the connection was accepted on a UNIX socket |
| instead, the IP address would be replaced with the word "unix". Note that |
| when the connection is accepted on a socket configured with "accept-proxy" |
| and the PROXY protocol is correctly used, then the logs will reflect the |
| forwarded connection's information. |
| |
| - "client_port" is the TCP port of the client which initiated the connection. |
| If the connection was accepted on a UNIX socket instead, the port would be |
| replaced with the ID of the accepting socket, which is also reported in the |
| stats interface. |
| |
| - "accept_date" is the exact date when the TCP connection was received by |
| haproxy (which might be very slightly different from the date observed on |
| the network if there was some queuing in the system's backlog). This is |
| usually the same date which may appear in any upstream firewall's log. This |
| does not depend on the fact that the client has sent the request or not. |
| |
| - "frontend_name" is the name of the frontend (or listener) which received |
| and processed the connection. |
| |
| - "backend_name" is the name of the backend (or listener) which was selected |
| to manage the connection to the server. This will be the same as the |
| frontend if no switching rule has been applied. |
| |
| - "server_name" is the name of the last server to which the connection was |
| sent, which might differ from the first one if there were connection errors |
| and a redispatch occurred. Note that this server belongs to the backend |
| which processed the request. If the request was aborted before reaching a |
| server, "<NOSRV>" is indicated instead of a server name. If the request was |
| intercepted by the stats subsystem, "<STATS>" is indicated instead. |
| |
| - "Tq" is the total time in milliseconds spent waiting for the client to send |
| a full HTTP request, not counting data. It can be "-1" if the connection |
| was aborted before a complete request could be received. It should always |
| be very small because a request generally fits in one single packet. Large |
| times here generally indicate network trouble between the client and |
| haproxy. See "Timers" below for more details. |
| |
| - "Tw" is the total time in milliseconds spent waiting in the various queues. |
| It can be "-1" if the connection was aborted before reaching the queue. |
| See "Timers" below for more details. |
| |
| - "Tc" is the total time in milliseconds spent waiting for the connection to |
| establish to the final server, including retries. It can be "-1" if the |
| request was aborted before a connection could be established. See "Timers" |
| below for more details. |
| |
| - "Tr" is the total time in milliseconds spent waiting for the server to send |
| a full HTTP response, not counting data. It can be "-1" if the request was |
| aborted before a complete response could be received. It generally matches |
| the server's processing time for the request, though it may be altered by |
| the amount of data sent by the client to the server. Large times here on |
| "GET" requests generally indicate an overloaded server. See "Timers" below |
| for more details. |
| |
| - "Tt" is the total time in milliseconds elapsed between the accept and the |
| last close. It covers all possible processing. There is one exception, if |
| "option logasap" was specified, then the time counting stops at the moment |
| the log is emitted. In this case, a '+' sign is prepended before the value, |
| indicating that the final one will be larger. See "Timers" below for more |
| details. |
| |
| - "status_code" is the HTTP status code returned to the client. This status |
| is generally set by the server, but it might also be set by haproxy when |
| the server cannot be reached or when its response is blocked by haproxy. |
| |
| - "bytes_read" is the total number of bytes transmitted to the client when |
| the log is emitted. This does include HTTP headers. If "option logasap" is |
| specified, the this value will be prefixed with a '+' sign indicating that |
| the final one may be larger. Please note that this value is a 64-bit |
| counter, so log analysis tools must be able to handle it without |
| overflowing. |
| |
| - "captured_request_cookie" is an optional "name=value" entry indicating that |
| the client had this cookie in the request. The cookie name and its maximum |
| length are defined by the "capture cookie" statement in the frontend |
| configuration. The field is a single dash ('-') when the option is not |
| set. Only one cookie may be captured, it is generally used to track session |
| ID exchanges between a client and a server to detect session crossing |
| between clients due to application bugs. For more details, please consult |
| the section "Capturing HTTP headers and cookies" below. |
| |
| - "captured_response_cookie" is an optional "name=value" entry indicating |
| that the server has returned a cookie with its response. The cookie name |
| and its maximum length are defined by the "capture cookie" statement in the |
| frontend configuration. The field is a single dash ('-') when the option is |
| not set. Only one cookie may be captured, it is generally used to track |
| session ID exchanges between a client and a server to detect session |
| crossing between clients due to application bugs. For more details, please |
| consult the section "Capturing HTTP headers and cookies" below. |
| |
| - "termination_state" is the condition the session was in when the session |
| ended. This indicates the session state, which side caused the end of |
| session to happen, for what reason (timeout, error, ...), just like in TCP |
| logs, and information about persistence operations on cookies in the last |
| two characters. The normal flags should begin with "--", indicating the |
| session was closed by either end with no data remaining in buffers. See |
| below "Session state at disconnection" for more details. |
| |
| - "actconn" is the total number of concurrent connections on the process when |
| the session was logged. It is useful to detect when some per-process system |
| limits have been reached. For instance, if actconn is close to 512 or 1024 |
| when multiple connection errors occur, chances are high that the system |
| limits the process to use a maximum of 1024 file descriptors and that all |
| of them are used. See section 3 "Global parameters" to find how to tune the |
| system. |
| |
| - "feconn" is the total number of concurrent connections on the frontend when |
| the session was logged. It is useful to estimate the amount of resource |
| required to sustain high loads, and to detect when the frontend's "maxconn" |
| has been reached. Most often when this value increases by huge jumps, it is |
| because there is congestion on the backend servers, but sometimes it can be |
| caused by a denial of service attack. |
| |
| - "beconn" is the total number of concurrent connections handled by the |
| backend when the session was logged. It includes the total number of |
| concurrent connections active on servers as well as the number of |
| connections pending in queues. It is useful to estimate the amount of |
| additional servers needed to support high loads for a given application. |
| Most often when this value increases by huge jumps, it is because there is |
| congestion on the backend servers, but sometimes it can be caused by a |
| denial of service attack. |
| |
| - "srv_conn" is the total number of concurrent connections still active on |
| the server when the session was logged. It can never exceed the server's |
| configured "maxconn" parameter. If this value is very often close or equal |
| to the server's "maxconn", it means that traffic regulation is involved a |
| lot, meaning that either the server's maxconn value is too low, or that |
| there aren't enough servers to process the load with an optimal response |
| time. When only one of the server's "srv_conn" is high, it usually means |
| that this server has some trouble causing the requests to take longer to be |
| processed than on other servers. |
| |
| - "retries" is the number of connection retries experienced by this session |
| when trying to connect to the server. It must normally be zero, unless a |
| server is being stopped at the same moment the connection was attempted. |
| Frequent retries generally indicate either a network problem between |
| haproxy and the server, or a misconfigured system backlog on the server |
| preventing new connections from being queued. This field may optionally be |
| prefixed with a '+' sign, indicating that the session has experienced a |
| redispatch after the maximal retry count has been reached on the initial |
| server. In this case, the server name appearing in the log is the one the |
| connection was redispatched to, and not the first one, though both may |
| sometimes be the same in case of hashing for instance. So as a general rule |
| of thumb, when a '+' is present in front of the retry count, this count |
| should not be attributed to the logged server. |
| |
| - "srv_queue" is the total number of requests which were processed before |
| this one in the server queue. It is zero when the request has not gone |
| through the server queue. It makes it possible to estimate the approximate |
| server's response time by dividing the time spent in queue by the number of |
| requests in the queue. It is worth noting that if a session experiences a |
| redispatch and passes through two server queues, their positions will be |
| cumulated. A request should not pass through both the server queue and the |
| backend queue unless a redispatch occurs. |
| |
| - "backend_queue" is the total number of requests which were processed before |
| this one in the backend's global queue. It is zero when the request has not |
| gone through the global queue. It makes it possible to estimate the average |
| queue length, which easily translates into a number of missing servers when |
| divided by a server's "maxconn" parameter. It is worth noting that if a |
| session experiences a redispatch, it may pass twice in the backend's queue, |
| and then both positions will be cumulated. A request should not pass |
| through both the server queue and the backend queue unless a redispatch |
| occurs. |
| |
| - "captured_request_headers" is a list of headers captured in the request due |
| to the presence of the "capture request header" statement in the frontend. |
| Multiple headers can be captured, they will be delimited by a vertical bar |
| ('|'). When no capture is enabled, the braces do not appear, causing a |
| shift of remaining fields. It is important to note that this field may |
| contain spaces, and that using it requires a smarter log parser than when |
| it's not used. Please consult the section "Capturing HTTP headers and |
| cookies" below for more details. |
| |
| - "captured_response_headers" is a list of headers captured in the response |
| due to the presence of the "capture response header" statement in the |
| frontend. Multiple headers can be captured, they will be delimited by a |
| vertical bar ('|'). When no capture is enabled, the braces do not appear, |
| causing a shift of remaining fields. It is important to note that this |
| field may contain spaces, and that using it requires a smarter log parser |
| than when it's not used. Please consult the section "Capturing HTTP headers |
| and cookies" below for more details. |
| |
| - "http_request" is the complete HTTP request line, including the method, |
| request and HTTP version string. Non-printable characters are encoded (see |
| below the section "Non-printable characters"). This is always the last |
| field, and it is always delimited by quotes and is the only one which can |
| contain quotes. If new fields are added to the log format, they will be |
| added before this field. This field might be truncated if the request is |
| huge and does not fit in the standard syslog buffer (1024 characters). This |
| is the reason why this field must always remain the last one. |
| |
| |
| 8.2.4. Custom log format |
| ------------------------ |
| |
| The directive log-format allows you to customize the logs in http mode and tcp |
| mode. It takes a string as argument. |
| |
| HAproxy understands some log format variables. % precedes log format variables. |
| Variables can take arguments using braces ('{}'), and multiple arguments are |
| separated by commas within the braces. Flags may be added or removed by |
| prefixing them with a '+' or '-' sign. |
| |
| Special variable "%o" may be used to propagate its flags to all other |
| variables on the same format string. This is particularly handy with quoted |
| string formats ("Q"). |
| |
| If a variable is named between square brackets ('[' .. ']') then it is used |
| as a sample expression rule (see section 7.3). This it useful to add some |
| less common information such as the client's SSL certificate's DN, or to log |
| the key that would be used to store an entry into a stick table. |
| |
| Note: spaces must be escaped. A space character is considered as a separator. |
| In order to emit a verbatim '%', it must be preceded by another '%' resulting |
| in '%%'. HAProxy will automatically merge consecutive separators. |
| |
| Flags are : |
| * Q: quote a string |
| * X: hexadecimal representation (IPs, Ports, %Ts, %rt, %pid) |
| |
| Example: |
| |
| log-format %T\ %t\ Some\ Text |
| log-format %{+Q}o\ %t\ %s\ %{-Q}r |
| |
| At the moment, the default HTTP format is defined this way : |
| |
| log-format %ci:%cp\ [%t]\ %ft\ %b/%s\ %Tq/%Tw/%Tc/%Tr/%Tt\ %ST\ %B\ %CC\ \ |
| %CS\ %tsc\ %ac/%fc/%bc/%sc/%rc\ %sq/%bq\ %hr\ %hs\ %{+Q}r |
| |
| the default CLF format is defined this way : |
| |
| log-format %{+Q}o\ %{-Q}ci\ -\ -\ [%T]\ %r\ %ST\ %B\ \"\"\ \"\"\ %cp\ \ |
| %ms\ %ft\ %b\ %s\ \%Tq\ %Tw\ %Tc\ %Tr\ %Tt\ %tsc\ %ac\ %fc\ \ |
| %bc\ %sc\ %rc\ %sq\ %bq\ %CC\ %CS\ \%hrl\ %hsl |
| |
| and the default TCP format is defined this way : |
| |
| log-format %ci:%cp\ [%t]\ %ft\ %b/%s\ %Tw/%Tc/%Tt\ %B\ %ts\ \ |
| %ac/%fc/%bc/%sc/%rc\ %sq/%bq |
| |
| Please refer to the table below for currently defined variables : |
| |
| +---+------+-----------------------------------------------+-------------+ |
| | R | var | field name (8.2.2 and 8.2.3 for description) | type | |
| +---+------+-----------------------------------------------+-------------+ |
| | | %o | special variable, apply flags on all next var | | |
| +---+------+-----------------------------------------------+-------------+ |
| | | %B | bytes_read (from server to client) | numeric | |
| | H | %CC | captured_request_cookie | string | |
| | H | %CS | captured_response_cookie | string | |
| | | %H | hostname | string | |
| | | %ID | unique-id | string | |
| | | %ST | status_code | numeric | |
| | | %T | gmt_date_time | date | |
| | | %Tc | Tc | numeric | |
| | | %Tl | local_date_time | date | |
| | H | %Tq | Tq | numeric | |
| | H | %Tr | Tr | numeric | |
| | | %Ts | timestamp | numeric | |
| | | %Tt | Tt | numeric | |
| | | %Tw | Tw | numeric | |
| | | %U | bytes_uploaded (from client to server) | numeric | |
| | | %ac | actconn | numeric | |
| | | %b | backend_name | string | |
| | | %bc | beconn (backend concurrent connections) | numeric | |
| | | %bi | backend_source_ip (connecting address) | IP | |
| | | %bp | backend_source_port (connecting address) | numeric | |
| | | %bq | backend_queue | numeric | |
| | | %ci | client_ip (accepted address) | IP | |
| | | %cp | client_port (accepted address) | numeric | |
| | | %f | frontend_name | string | |
| | | %fc | feconn (frontend concurrent connections) | numeric | |
| | | %fi | frontend_ip (accepting address) | IP | |
| | | %fp | frontend_port (accepting address) | numeric | |
| | | %ft | frontend_name_transport ('~' suffix for SSL) | string | |
| | | %lc | frontend_log_counter | numeric | |
| | | %hr | captured_request_headers default style | string | |
| | | %hrl | captured_request_headers CLF style | string list | |
| | | %hs | captured_response_headers default style | string | |
| | | %hsl | captured_response_headers CLF style | string list | |
| | | %ms | accept date milliseconds | numeric | |
| | | %pid | PID | numeric | |
| | H | %r | http_request | string | |
| | | %rc | retries | numeric | |
| | | %rt | request_counter (HTTP req or TCP session) | numeric | |
| | | %s | server_name | string | |
| | | %sc | srv_conn (server concurrent connections) | numeric | |
| | | %si | server_IP (target address) | IP | |
| | | %sp | server_port (target address) | numeric | |
| | | %sq | srv_queue | numeric | |
| | S | %sslc| ssl_ciphers (ex: AES-SHA) | string | |
| | S | %sslv| ssl_version (ex: TLSv1) | string | |
| | | %t | date_time (with millisecond resolution) | date | |
| | | %ts | termination_state | string | |
| | H | %tsc | termination_state with cookie status | string | |
| +---+------+-----------------------------------------------+-------------+ |
| |
| R = Restrictions : H = mode http only ; S = SSL only |
| |
| |
| 8.2.5. Error log format |
| ----------------------- |
| |
| When an incoming connection fails due to an SSL handshake or an invalid PROXY |
| protocol header, haproxy will log the event using a shorter, fixed line format. |
| By default, logs are emitted at the LOG_INFO level, unless the option |
| "log-separate-errors" is set in the backend, in which case the LOG_ERR level |
| will be used. Connections on which no data are exchanged (eg: probes) are not |
| logged if the "dontlognull" option is set. |
| |
| The format looks like this : |
| |
| >>> Dec 3 18:27:14 localhost \ |
| haproxy[6103]: 127.0.0.1:56059 [03/Dec/2012:17:35:10.380] frt/f1: \ |
| Connection error during SSL handshake |
| |
| Field Format Extract from the example above |
| 1 process_name '[' pid ']:' haproxy[6103]: |
| 2 client_ip ':' client_port 127.0.0.1:56059 |
| 3 '[' accept_date ']' [03/Dec/2012:17:35:10.380] |
| 4 frontend_name "/" bind_name ":" frt/f1: |
| 5 message Connection error during SSL handshake |
| |
| These fields just provide minimal information to help debugging connection |
| failures. |
| |
| |
| 8.3. Advanced logging options |
| ----------------------------- |
| |
| Some advanced logging options are often looked for but are not easy to find out |
| just by looking at the various options. Here is an entry point for the few |
| options which can enable better logging. Please refer to the keywords reference |
| for more information about their usage. |
| |
| |
| 8.3.1. Disabling logging of external tests |
| ------------------------------------------ |
| |
| It is quite common to have some monitoring tools perform health checks on |
| haproxy. Sometimes it will be a layer 3 load-balancer such as LVS or any |
| commercial load-balancer, and sometimes it will simply be a more complete |
| monitoring system such as Nagios. When the tests are very frequent, users often |
| ask how to disable logging for those checks. There are three possibilities : |
| |
| - if connections come from everywhere and are just TCP probes, it is often |
| desired to simply disable logging of connections without data exchange, by |
| setting "option dontlognull" in the frontend. It also disables logging of |
| port scans, which may or may not be desired. |
| |
| - if the connection come from a known source network, use "monitor-net" to |
| declare this network as monitoring only. Any host in this network will then |
| only be able to perform health checks, and their requests will not be |
| logged. This is generally appropriate to designate a list of equipment |
| such as other load-balancers. |
| |
| - if the tests are performed on a known URI, use "monitor-uri" to declare |
| this URI as dedicated to monitoring. Any host sending this request will |
| only get the result of a health-check, and the request will not be logged. |
| |
| |
| 8.3.2. Logging before waiting for the session to terminate |
| ---------------------------------------------------------- |
| |
| The problem with logging at end of connection is that you have no clue about |
| what is happening during very long sessions, such as remote terminal sessions |
| or large file downloads. This problem can be worked around by specifying |
| "option logasap" in the frontend. Haproxy will then log as soon as possible, |
| just before data transfer begins. This means that in case of TCP, it will still |
| log the connection status to the server, and in case of HTTP, it will log just |
| after processing the server headers. In this case, the number of bytes reported |
| is the number of header bytes sent to the client. In order to avoid confusion |
| with normal logs, the total time field and the number of bytes are prefixed |
| with a '+' sign which means that real numbers are certainly larger. |
| |
| |
| 8.3.3. Raising log level upon errors |
| ------------------------------------ |
| |
| Sometimes it is more convenient to separate normal traffic from errors logs, |
| for instance in order to ease error monitoring from log files. When the option |
| "log-separate-errors" is used, connections which experience errors, timeouts, |
| retries, redispatches or HTTP status codes 5xx will see their syslog level |
| raised from "info" to "err". This will help a syslog daemon store the log in |
| a separate file. It is very important to keep the errors in the normal traffic |
| file too, so that log ordering is not altered. You should also be careful if |
| you already have configured your syslog daemon to store all logs higher than |
| "notice" in an "admin" file, because the "err" level is higher than "notice". |
| |
| |
| 8.3.4. Disabling logging of successful connections |
| -------------------------------------------------- |
| |
| Although this may sound strange at first, some large sites have to deal with |
| multiple thousands of logs per second and are experiencing difficulties keeping |
| them intact for a long time or detecting errors within them. If the option |
| "dontlog-normal" is set on the frontend, all normal connections will not be |
| logged. In this regard, a normal connection is defined as one without any |
| error, timeout, retry nor redispatch. In HTTP, the status code is checked too, |
| and a response with a status 5xx is not considered normal and will be logged |
| too. Of course, doing is is really discouraged as it will remove most of the |
| useful information from the logs. Do this only if you have no other |
| alternative. |
| |
| |
| 8.4. Timing events |
| ------------------ |
| |
| Timers provide a great help in troubleshooting network problems. All values are |
| reported in milliseconds (ms). These timers should be used in conjunction with |
| the session termination flags. In TCP mode with "option tcplog" set on the |
| frontend, 3 control points are reported under the form "Tw/Tc/Tt", and in HTTP |
| mode, 5 control points are reported under the form "Tq/Tw/Tc/Tr/Tt" : |
| |
| - Tq: total time to get the client request (HTTP mode only). It's the time |
| elapsed between the moment the client connection was accepted and the |
| moment the proxy received the last HTTP header. The value "-1" indicates |
| that the end of headers (empty line) has never been seen. This happens when |
| the client closes prematurely or times out. |
| |
| - Tw: total time spent in the queues waiting for a connection slot. It |
| accounts for backend queue as well as the server queues, and depends on the |
| queue size, and the time needed for the server to complete previous |
| requests. The value "-1" means that the request was killed before reaching |
| the queue, which is generally what happens with invalid or denied requests. |
| |
| - Tc: total time to establish the TCP connection to the server. It's the time |
| elapsed between the moment the proxy sent the connection request, and the |
| moment it was acknowledged by the server, or between the TCP SYN packet and |
| the matching SYN/ACK packet in return. The value "-1" means that the |
| connection never established. |
| |
| - Tr: server response time (HTTP mode only). It's the time elapsed between |
| the moment the TCP connection was established to the server and the moment |
| the server sent its complete response headers. It purely shows its request |
| processing time, without the network overhead due to the data transmission. |
| It is worth noting that when the client has data to send to the server, for |
| instance during a POST request, the time already runs, and this can distort |
| apparent response time. For this reason, it's generally wise not to trust |
| too much this field for POST requests initiated from clients behind an |
| untrusted network. A value of "-1" here means that the last the response |
| header (empty line) was never seen, most likely because the server timeout |
| stroke before the server managed to process the request. |
| |
| - Tt: total session duration time, between the moment the proxy accepted it |
| and the moment both ends were closed. The exception is when the "logasap" |
| option is specified. In this case, it only equals (Tq+Tw+Tc+Tr), and is |
| prefixed with a '+' sign. From this field, we can deduce "Td", the data |
| transmission time, by subtracting other timers when valid : |
| |
| Td = Tt - (Tq + Tw + Tc + Tr) |
| |
| Timers with "-1" values have to be excluded from this equation. In TCP |
| mode, "Tq" and "Tr" have to be excluded too. Note that "Tt" can never be |
| negative. |
| |
| These timers provide precious indications on trouble causes. Since the TCP |
| protocol defines retransmit delays of 3, 6, 12... seconds, we know for sure |
| that timers close to multiples of 3s are nearly always related to lost packets |
| due to network problems (wires, negotiation, congestion). Moreover, if "Tt" is |
| close to a timeout value specified in the configuration, it often means that a |
| session has been aborted on timeout. |
| |
| Most common cases : |
| |
| - If "Tq" is close to 3000, a packet has probably been lost between the |
| client and the proxy. This is very rare on local networks but might happen |
| when clients are on far remote networks and send large requests. It may |
| happen that values larger than usual appear here without any network cause. |
| Sometimes, during an attack or just after a resource starvation has ended, |
| haproxy may accept thousands of connections in a few milliseconds. The time |
| spent accepting these connections will inevitably slightly delay processing |
| of other connections, and it can happen that request times in the order of |
| a few tens of milliseconds are measured after a few thousands of new |
| connections have been accepted at once. Setting "option http-server-close" |
| may display larger request times since "Tq" also measures the time spent |
| waiting for additional requests. |
| |
| - If "Tc" is close to 3000, a packet has probably been lost between the |
| server and the proxy during the server connection phase. This value should |
| always be very low, such as 1 ms on local networks and less than a few tens |
| of ms on remote networks. |
| |
| - If "Tr" is nearly always lower than 3000 except some rare values which seem |
| to be the average majored by 3000, there are probably some packets lost |
| between the proxy and the server. |
| |
| - If "Tt" is large even for small byte counts, it generally is because |
| neither the client nor the server decides to close the connection, for |
| instance because both have agreed on a keep-alive connection mode. In order |
| to solve this issue, it will be needed to specify "option httpclose" on |
| either the frontend or the backend. If the problem persists, it means that |
| the server ignores the "close" connection mode and expects the client to |
| close. Then it will be required to use "option forceclose". Having the |
| smallest possible 'Tt' is important when connection regulation is used with |
| the "maxconn" option on the servers, since no new connection will be sent |
| to the server until another one is released. |
| |
| Other noticeable HTTP log cases ('xx' means any value to be ignored) : |
| |
| Tq/Tw/Tc/Tr/+Tt The "option logasap" is present on the frontend and the log |
| was emitted before the data phase. All the timers are valid |
| except "Tt" which is shorter than reality. |
| |
| -1/xx/xx/xx/Tt The client was not able to send a complete request in time |
| or it aborted too early. Check the session termination flags |
| then "timeout http-request" and "timeout client" settings. |
| |
| Tq/-1/xx/xx/Tt It was not possible to process the request, maybe because |
| servers were out of order, because the request was invalid |
| or forbidden by ACL rules. Check the session termination |
| flags. |
| |
| Tq/Tw/-1/xx/Tt The connection could not establish on the server. Either it |
| actively refused it or it timed out after Tt-(Tq+Tw) ms. |
| Check the session termination flags, then check the |
| "timeout connect" setting. Note that the tarpit action might |
| return similar-looking patterns, with "Tw" equal to the time |
| the client connection was maintained open. |
| |
| Tq/Tw/Tc/-1/Tt The server has accepted the connection but did not return |
| a complete response in time, or it closed its connection |
| unexpectedly after Tt-(Tq+Tw+Tc) ms. Check the session |
| termination flags, then check the "timeout server" setting. |
| |
| |
| 8.5. Session state at disconnection |
| ----------------------------------- |
| |
| TCP and HTTP logs provide a session termination indicator in the |
| "termination_state" field, just before the number of active connections. It is |
| 2-characters long in TCP mode, and is extended to 4 characters in HTTP mode, |
| each of which has a special meaning : |
| |
| - On the first character, a code reporting the first event which caused the |
| session to terminate : |
| |
| C : the TCP session was unexpectedly aborted by the client. |
| |
| S : the TCP session was unexpectedly aborted by the server, or the |
| server explicitly refused it. |
| |
| P : the session was prematurely aborted by the proxy, because of a |
| connection limit enforcement, because a DENY filter was matched, |
| because of a security check which detected and blocked a dangerous |
| error in server response which might have caused information leak |
| (eg: cacheable cookie). |
| |
| L : the session was locally processed by haproxy and was not passed to |
| a server. This is what happens for stats and redirects. |
| |
| R : a resource on the proxy has been exhausted (memory, sockets, source |
| ports, ...). Usually, this appears during the connection phase, and |
| system logs should contain a copy of the precise error. If this |
| happens, it must be considered as a very serious anomaly which |
| should be fixed as soon as possible by any means. |
| |
| I : an internal error was identified by the proxy during a self-check. |
| This should NEVER happen, and you are encouraged to report any log |
| containing this, because this would almost certainly be a bug. It |
| would be wise to preventively restart the process after such an |
| event too, in case it would be caused by memory corruption. |
| |
| D : the session was killed by haproxy because the server was detected |
| as down and was configured to kill all connections when going down. |
| |
| U : the session was killed by haproxy on this backup server because an |
| active server was detected as up and was configured to kill all |
| backup connections when going up. |
| |
| K : the session was actively killed by an admin operating on haproxy. |
| |
| c : the client-side timeout expired while waiting for the client to |
| send or receive data. |
| |
| s : the server-side timeout expired while waiting for the server to |
| send or receive data. |
| |
| - : normal session completion, both the client and the server closed |
| with nothing left in the buffers. |
| |
| - on the second character, the TCP or HTTP session state when it was closed : |
| |
| R : the proxy was waiting for a complete, valid REQUEST from the client |
| (HTTP mode only). Nothing was sent to any server. |
| |
| Q : the proxy was waiting in the QUEUE for a connection slot. This can |
| only happen when servers have a 'maxconn' parameter set. It can |
| also happen in the global queue after a redispatch consecutive to |
| a failed attempt to connect to a dying server. If no redispatch is |
| reported, then no connection attempt was made to any server. |
| |
| C : the proxy was waiting for the CONNECTION to establish on the |
| server. The server might at most have noticed a connection attempt. |
| |
| H : the proxy was waiting for complete, valid response HEADERS from the |
| server (HTTP only). |
| |
| D : the session was in the DATA phase. |
| |
| L : the proxy was still transmitting LAST data to the client while the |
| server had already finished. This one is very rare as it can only |
| happen when the client dies while receiving the last packets. |
| |
| T : the request was tarpitted. It has been held open with the client |
| during the whole "timeout tarpit" duration or until the client |
| closed, both of which will be reported in the "Tw" timer. |
| |
| - : normal session completion after end of data transfer. |
| |
| - the third character tells whether the persistence cookie was provided by |
| the client (only in HTTP mode) : |
| |
| N : the client provided NO cookie. This is usually the case for new |
| visitors, so counting the number of occurrences of this flag in the |
| logs generally indicate a valid trend for the site frequentation. |
| |
| I : the client provided an INVALID cookie matching no known server. |
| This might be caused by a recent configuration change, mixed |
| cookies between HTTP/HTTPS sites, persistence conditionally |
| ignored, or an attack. |
| |
| D : the client provided a cookie designating a server which was DOWN, |
| so either "option persist" was used and the client was sent to |
| this server, or it was not set and the client was redispatched to |
| another server. |
| |
| V : the client provided a VALID cookie, and was sent to the associated |
| server. |
| |
| E : the client provided a valid cookie, but with a last date which was |
| older than what is allowed by the "maxidle" cookie parameter, so |
| the cookie is consider EXPIRED and is ignored. The request will be |
| redispatched just as if there was no cookie. |
| |
| O : the client provided a valid cookie, but with a first date which was |
| older than what is allowed by the "maxlife" cookie parameter, so |
| the cookie is consider too OLD and is ignored. The request will be |
| redispatched just as if there was no cookie. |
| |
| U : a cookie was present but was not used to select the server because |
| some other server selection mechanism was used instead (typically a |
| "use-server" rule). |
| |
| - : does not apply (no cookie set in configuration). |
| |
| - the last character reports what operations were performed on the persistence |
| cookie returned by the server (only in HTTP mode) : |
| |
| N : NO cookie was provided by the server, and none was inserted either. |
| |
| I : no cookie was provided by the server, and the proxy INSERTED one. |
| Note that in "cookie insert" mode, if the server provides a cookie, |
| it will still be overwritten and reported as "I" here. |
| |
| U : the proxy UPDATED the last date in the cookie that was presented by |
| the client. This can only happen in insert mode with "maxidle". It |
| happens every time there is activity at a different date than the |
| date indicated in the cookie. If any other change happens, such as |
| a redispatch, then the cookie will be marked as inserted instead. |
| |
| P : a cookie was PROVIDED by the server and transmitted as-is. |
| |
| R : the cookie provided by the server was REWRITTEN by the proxy, which |
| happens in "cookie rewrite" or "cookie prefix" modes. |
| |
| D : the cookie provided by the server was DELETED by the proxy. |
| |
| - : does not apply (no cookie set in configuration). |
| |
| The combination of the two first flags gives a lot of information about what |
| was happening when the session terminated, and why it did terminate. It can be |
| helpful to detect server saturation, network troubles, local system resource |
| starvation, attacks, etc... |
| |
| The most common termination flags combinations are indicated below. They are |
| alphabetically sorted, with the lowercase set just after the upper case for |
| easier finding and understanding. |
| |
| Flags Reason |
| |
| -- Normal termination. |
| |
| CC The client aborted before the connection could be established to the |
| server. This can happen when haproxy tries to connect to a recently |
| dead (or unchecked) server, and the client aborts while haproxy is |
| waiting for the server to respond or for "timeout connect" to expire. |
| |
| CD The client unexpectedly aborted during data transfer. This can be |
| caused by a browser crash, by an intermediate equipment between the |
| client and haproxy which decided to actively break the connection, |
| by network routing issues between the client and haproxy, or by a |
| keep-alive session between the server and the client terminated first |
| by the client. |
| |
| cD The client did not send nor acknowledge any data for as long as the |
| "timeout client" delay. This is often caused by network failures on |
| the client side, or the client simply leaving the net uncleanly. |
| |
| CH The client aborted while waiting for the server to start responding. |
| It might be the server taking too long to respond or the client |
| clicking the 'Stop' button too fast. |
| |
| cH The "timeout client" stroke while waiting for client data during a |
| POST request. This is sometimes caused by too large TCP MSS values |
| for PPPoE networks which cannot transport full-sized packets. It can |
| also happen when client timeout is smaller than server timeout and |
| the server takes too long to respond. |
| |
| CQ The client aborted while its session was queued, waiting for a server |
| with enough empty slots to accept it. It might be that either all the |
| servers were saturated or that the assigned server was taking too |
| long a time to respond. |
| |
| CR The client aborted before sending a full HTTP request. Most likely |
| the request was typed by hand using a telnet client, and aborted |
| too early. The HTTP status code is likely a 400 here. Sometimes this |
| might also be caused by an IDS killing the connection between haproxy |
| and the client. |
| |
| cR The "timeout http-request" stroke before the client sent a full HTTP |
| request. This is sometimes caused by too large TCP MSS values on the |
| client side for PPPoE networks which cannot transport full-sized |
| packets, or by clients sending requests by hand and not typing fast |
| enough, or forgetting to enter the empty line at the end of the |
| request. The HTTP status code is likely a 408 here. Note: recently, |
| some browsers such as Google Chrome started to break the deployed Web |
| infrastructure by aggressively implementing a new "pre-connect" |
| feature, consisting in sending connections to sites recently visited |
| without sending any request on them until the user starts to browse |
| the site. This mechanism causes massive disruption among resource- |
| limited servers, and causes a lot of 408 errors in HAProxy logs. |
| Worse, some people report that sometimes the browser displays the 408 |
| error when the user expects to see the actual content (Mozilla fixed |
| this bug in 2004, while Chrome users continue to report it in 2014), |
| so in this case, using "errorfile 408 /dev/null" can be used as a |
| workaround. More information on the subject is available here : |
| https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=248827 |
| https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=85229 |
| |
| CT The client aborted while its session was tarpitted. It is important to |
| check if this happens on valid requests, in order to be sure that no |
| wrong tarpit rules have been written. If a lot of them happen, it |
| might make sense to lower the "timeout tarpit" value to something |
| closer to the average reported "Tw" timer, in order not to consume |
| resources for just a few attackers. |
| |
| LR The request was intercepted and locally handled by haproxy. Generally |
| it means that this was a redirect or a stats request. |
| |
| SC The server or an equipment between it and haproxy explicitly refused |
| the TCP connection (the proxy received a TCP RST or an ICMP message |
| in return). Under some circumstances, it can also be the network |
| stack telling the proxy that the server is unreachable (eg: no route, |
| or no ARP response on local network). When this happens in HTTP mode, |
| the status code is likely a 502 or 503 here. |
| |
| sC The "timeout connect" stroke before a connection to the server could |
| complete. When this happens in HTTP mode, the status code is likely a |
| 503 or 504 here. |
| |
| SD The connection to the server died with an error during the data |
| transfer. This usually means that haproxy has received an RST from |
| the server or an ICMP message from an intermediate equipment while |
| exchanging data with the server. This can be caused by a server crash |
| or by a network issue on an intermediate equipment. |
| |
| sD The server did not send nor acknowledge any data for as long as the |
| "timeout server" setting during the data phase. This is often caused |
| by too short timeouts on L4 equipments before the server (firewalls, |
| load-balancers, ...), as well as keep-alive sessions maintained |
| between the client and the server expiring first on haproxy. |
| |
| SH The server aborted before sending its full HTTP response headers, or |
| it crashed while processing the request. Since a server aborting at |
| this moment is very rare, it would be wise to inspect its logs to |
| control whether it crashed and why. The logged request may indicate a |
| small set of faulty requests, demonstrating bugs in the application. |
| Sometimes this might also be caused by an IDS killing the connection |
| between haproxy and the server. |
| |
| sH The "timeout server" stroke before the server could return its |
| response headers. This is the most common anomaly, indicating too |
| long transactions, probably caused by server or database saturation. |
| The immediate workaround consists in increasing the "timeout server" |
| setting, but it is important to keep in mind that the user experience |
| will suffer from these long response times. The only long term |
| solution is to fix the application. |
| |
| sQ The session spent too much time in queue and has been expired. See |
| the "timeout queue" and "timeout connect" settings to find out how to |
| fix this if it happens too often. If it often happens massively in |
| short periods, it may indicate general problems on the affected |
| servers due to I/O or database congestion, or saturation caused by |
| external attacks. |
| |
| PC The proxy refused to establish a connection to the server because the |
| process' socket limit has been reached while attempting to connect. |
| The global "maxconn" parameter may be increased in the configuration |
| so that it does not happen anymore. This status is very rare and |
| might happen when the global "ulimit-n" parameter is forced by hand. |
| |
| PD The proxy blocked an incorrectly formatted chunked encoded message in |
| a request or a response, after the server has emitted its headers. In |
| most cases, this will indicate an invalid message from the server to |
| the client. Haproxy supports chunk sizes of up to 2GB - 1 (2147483647 |
| bytes). Any larger size will be considered as an error. |
| |
| PH The proxy blocked the server's response, because it was invalid, |
| incomplete, dangerous (cache control), or matched a security filter. |
| In any case, an HTTP 502 error is sent to the client. One possible |
| cause for this error is an invalid syntax in an HTTP header name |
| containing unauthorized characters. It is also possible but quite |
| rare, that the proxy blocked a chunked-encoding request from the |
| client due to an invalid syntax, before the server responded. In this |
| case, an HTTP 400 error is sent to the client and reported in the |
| logs. |
| |
| PR The proxy blocked the client's HTTP request, either because of an |
| invalid HTTP syntax, in which case it returned an HTTP 400 error to |
| the client, or because a deny filter matched, in which case it |
| returned an HTTP 403 error. |
| |
| PT The proxy blocked the client's request and has tarpitted its |
| connection before returning it a 500 server error. Nothing was sent |
| to the server. The connection was maintained open for as long as |
| reported by the "Tw" timer field. |
| |
| RC A local resource has been exhausted (memory, sockets, source ports) |
| preventing the connection to the server from establishing. The error |
| logs will tell precisely what was missing. This is very rare and can |
| only be solved by proper system tuning. |
| |
| The combination of the two last flags gives a lot of information about how |
| persistence was handled by the client, the server and by haproxy. This is very |
| important to troubleshoot disconnections, when users complain they have to |
| re-authenticate. The commonly encountered flags are : |
| |
| -- Persistence cookie is not enabled. |
| |
| NN No cookie was provided by the client, none was inserted in the |
| response. For instance, this can be in insert mode with "postonly" |
| set on a GET request. |
| |
| II A cookie designating an invalid server was provided by the client, |
| a valid one was inserted in the response. This typically happens when |
| a "server" entry is removed from the configuration, since its cookie |
| value can be presented by a client when no other server knows it. |
| |
| NI No cookie was provided by the client, one was inserted in the |
| response. This typically happens for first requests from every user |
| in "insert" mode, which makes it an easy way to count real users. |
| |
| VN A cookie was provided by the client, none was inserted in the |
| response. This happens for most responses for which the client has |
| already got a cookie. |
| |
| VU A cookie was provided by the client, with a last visit date which is |
| not completely up-to-date, so an updated cookie was provided in |
| response. This can also happen if there was no date at all, or if |
| there was a date but the "maxidle" parameter was not set, so that the |
| cookie can be switched to unlimited time. |
| |
| EI A cookie was provided by the client, with a last visit date which is |
| too old for the "maxidle" parameter, so the cookie was ignored and a |
| new cookie was inserted in the response. |
| |
| OI A cookie was provided by the client, with a first visit date which is |
| too old for the "maxlife" parameter, so the cookie was ignored and a |
| new cookie was inserted in the response. |
| |
| DI The server designated by the cookie was down, a new server was |
| selected and a new cookie was emitted in the response. |
| |
| VI The server designated by the cookie was not marked dead but could not |
| be reached. A redispatch happened and selected another one, which was |
| then advertised in the response. |
| |
| |
| 8.6. Non-printable characters |
| ----------------------------- |
| |
| In order not to cause trouble to log analysis tools or terminals during log |
| consulting, non-printable characters are not sent as-is into log files, but are |
| converted to the two-digits hexadecimal representation of their ASCII code, |
| prefixed by the character '#'. The only characters that can be logged without |
| being escaped are comprised between 32 and 126 (inclusive). Obviously, the |
| escape character '#' itself is also encoded to avoid any ambiguity ("#23"). It |
| is the same for the character '"' which becomes "#22", as well as '{', '|' and |
| '}' when logging headers. |
| |
| Note that the space character (' ') is not encoded in headers, which can cause |
| issues for tools relying on space count to locate fields. A typical header |
| containing spaces is "User-Agent". |
| |
| Last, it has been observed that some syslog daemons such as syslog-ng escape |
| the quote ('"') with a backslash ('\'). The reverse operation can safely be |
| performed since no quote may appear anywhere else in the logs. |
| |
| |
| 8.7. Capturing HTTP cookies |
| --------------------------- |
| |
| Cookie capture simplifies the tracking a complete user session. This can be |
| achieved using the "capture cookie" statement in the frontend. Please refer to |
| section 4.2 for more details. Only one cookie can be captured, and the same |
| cookie will simultaneously be checked in the request ("Cookie:" header) and in |
| the response ("Set-Cookie:" header). The respective values will be reported in |
| the HTTP logs at the "captured_request_cookie" and "captured_response_cookie" |
| locations (see section 8.2.3 about HTTP log format). When either cookie is |
| not seen, a dash ('-') replaces the value. This way, it's easy to detect when a |
| user switches to a new session for example, because the server will reassign it |
| a new cookie. It is also possible to detect if a server unexpectedly sets a |
| wrong cookie to a client, leading to session crossing. |
| |
| Examples : |
| # capture the first cookie whose name starts with "ASPSESSION" |
| capture cookie ASPSESSION len 32 |
| |
| # capture the first cookie whose name is exactly "vgnvisitor" |
| capture cookie vgnvisitor= len 32 |
| |
| |
| 8.8. Capturing HTTP headers |
| --------------------------- |
| |
| Header captures are useful to track unique request identifiers set by an upper |
| proxy, virtual host names, user-agents, POST content-length, referrers, etc. In |
| the response, one can search for information about the response length, how the |
| server asked the cache to behave, or an object location during a redirection. |
| |
| Header captures are performed using the "capture request header" and "capture |
| response header" statements in the frontend. Please consult their definition in |
| section 4.2 for more details. |
| |
| It is possible to include both request headers and response headers at the same |
| time. Non-existent headers are logged as empty strings, and if one header |
| appears more than once, only its last occurrence will be logged. Request headers |
| are grouped within braces '{' and '}' in the same order as they were declared, |
| and delimited with a vertical bar '|' without any space. Response headers |
| follow the same representation, but are displayed after a space following the |
| request headers block. These blocks are displayed just before the HTTP request |
| in the logs. |
| |
| As a special case, it is possible to specify an HTTP header capture in a TCP |
| frontend. The purpose is to enable logging of headers which will be parsed in |
| an HTTP backend if the request is then switched to this HTTP backend. |
| |
| Example : |
| # This instance chains to the outgoing proxy |
| listen proxy-out |
| mode http |
| option httplog |
| option logasap |
| log global |
| server cache1 192.168.1.1:3128 |
| |
| # log the name of the virtual server |
| capture request header Host len 20 |
| |
| # log the amount of data uploaded during a POST |
| capture request header Content-Length len 10 |
| |
| # log the beginning of the referrer |
| capture request header Referer len 20 |
| |
| # server name (useful for outgoing proxies only) |
| capture response header Server len 20 |
| |
| # logging the content-length is useful with "option logasap" |
| capture response header Content-Length len 10 |
| |
| # log the expected cache behaviour on the response |
| capture response header Cache-Control len 8 |
| |
| # the Via header will report the next proxy's name |
| capture response header Via len 20 |
| |
| # log the URL location during a redirection |
| capture response header Location len 20 |
| |
| >>> Aug 9 20:26:09 localhost \ |
| haproxy[2022]: 127.0.0.1:34014 [09/Aug/2004:20:26:09] proxy-out \ |
| proxy-out/cache1 0/0/0/162/+162 200 +350 - - ---- 0/0/0/0/0 0/0 \ |
| {fr.adserver.yahoo.co||http://fr.f416.mail.} {|864|private||} \ |
| "GET http://fr.adserver.yahoo.com/" |
| |
| >>> Aug 9 20:30:46 localhost \ |
| haproxy[2022]: 127.0.0.1:34020 [09/Aug/2004:20:30:46] proxy-out \ |
| proxy-out/cache1 0/0/0/182/+182 200 +279 - - ---- 0/0/0/0/0 0/0 \ |
| {w.ods.org||} {Formilux/0.1.8|3495|||} \ |
| "GET http://trafic.1wt.eu/ HTTP/1.1" |
| |
| >>> Aug 9 20:30:46 localhost \ |
| haproxy[2022]: 127.0.0.1:34028 [09/Aug/2004:20:30:46] proxy-out \ |
| proxy-out/cache1 0/0/2/126/+128 301 +223 - - ---- 0/0/0/0/0 0/0 \ |
| {www.sytadin.equipement.gouv.fr||http://trafic.1wt.eu/} \ |
| {Apache|230|||http://www.sytadin.} \ |
| "GET http://www.sytadin.equipement.gouv.fr/ HTTP/1.1" |
| |
| |
| 8.9. Examples of logs |
| --------------------- |
| |
| These are real-world examples of logs accompanied with an explanation. Some of |
| them have been made up by hand. The syslog part has been removed for better |
| reading. Their sole purpose is to explain how to decipher them. |
| |
| >>> haproxy[674]: 127.0.0.1:33318 [15/Oct/2003:08:31:57.130] px-http \ |
| px-http/srv1 6559/0/7/147/6723 200 243 - - ---- 5/3/3/1/0 0/0 \ |
| "HEAD / HTTP/1.0" |
| |
| => long request (6.5s) entered by hand through 'telnet'. The server replied |
| in 147 ms, and the session ended normally ('----') |
| |
| >>> haproxy[674]: 127.0.0.1:33319 [15/Oct/2003:08:31:57.149] px-http \ |
| px-http/srv1 6559/1230/7/147/6870 200 243 - - ---- 324/239/239/99/0 \ |
| 0/9 "HEAD / HTTP/1.0" |
| |
| => Idem, but the request was queued in the global queue behind 9 other |
| requests, and waited there for 1230 ms. |
| |
| >>> haproxy[674]: 127.0.0.1:33320 [15/Oct/2003:08:32:17.654] px-http \ |
| px-http/srv1 9/0/7/14/+30 200 +243 - - ---- 3/3/3/1/0 0/0 \ |
| "GET /image.iso HTTP/1.0" |
| |
| => request for a long data transfer. The "logasap" option was specified, so |
| the log was produced just before transferring data. The server replied in |
| 14 ms, 243 bytes of headers were sent to the client, and total time from |
| accept to first data byte is 30 ms. |
| |
| >>> haproxy[674]: 127.0.0.1:33320 [15/Oct/2003:08:32:17.925] px-http \ |
| px-http/srv1 9/0/7/14/30 502 243 - - PH-- 3/2/2/0/0 0/0 \ |
| "GET /cgi-bin/bug.cgi? HTTP/1.0" |
| |
| => the proxy blocked a server response either because of an "rspdeny" or |
| "rspideny" filter, or because the response was improperly formatted and |
| not HTTP-compliant, or because it blocked sensitive information which |
| risked being cached. In this case, the response is replaced with a "502 |
| bad gateway". The flags ("PH--") tell us that it was haproxy who decided |
| to return the 502 and not the server. |
| |
| >>> haproxy[18113]: 127.0.0.1:34548 [15/Oct/2003:15:18:55.798] px-http \ |
| px-http/<NOSRV> -1/-1/-1/-1/8490 -1 0 - - CR-- 2/2/2/0/0 0/0 "" |
| |
| => the client never completed its request and aborted itself ("C---") after |
| 8.5s, while the proxy was waiting for the request headers ("-R--"). |
| Nothing was sent to any server. |
| |
| >>> haproxy[18113]: 127.0.0.1:34549 [15/Oct/2003:15:19:06.103] px-http \ |
| px-http/<NOSRV> -1/-1/-1/-1/50001 408 0 - - cR-- 2/2/2/0/0 0/0 "" |
| |
| => The client never completed its request, which was aborted by the |
| time-out ("c---") after 50s, while the proxy was waiting for the request |
| headers ("-R--"). Nothing was sent to any server, but the proxy could |
| send a 408 return code to the client. |
| |
| >>> haproxy[18989]: 127.0.0.1:34550 [15/Oct/2003:15:24:28.312] px-tcp \ |
| px-tcp/srv1 0/0/5007 0 cD 0/0/0/0/0 0/0 |
| |
| => This log was produced with "option tcplog". The client timed out after |
| 5 seconds ("c----"). |
| |
| >>> haproxy[18989]: 10.0.0.1:34552 [15/Oct/2003:15:26:31.462] px-http \ |
| px-http/srv1 3183/-1/-1/-1/11215 503 0 - - SC-- 205/202/202/115/3 \ |
| 0/0 "HEAD / HTTP/1.0" |
| |
| => The request took 3s to complete (probably a network problem), and the |
| connection to the server failed ('SC--') after 4 attempts of 2 seconds |
| (config says 'retries 3'), and no redispatch (otherwise we would have |
| seen "/+3"). Status code 503 was returned to the client. There were 115 |
| connections on this server, 202 connections on this proxy, and 205 on |
| the global process. It is possible that the server refused the |
| connection because of too many already established. |
| |
| |
| 9. Statistics and monitoring |
| ---------------------------- |
| |
| It is possible to query HAProxy about its status. The most commonly used |
| mechanism is the HTTP statistics page. This page also exposes an alternative |
| CSV output format for monitoring tools. The same format is provided on the |
| Unix socket. |
| |
| |
| 9.1. CSV format |
| --------------- |
| |
| The statistics may be consulted either from the unix socket or from the HTTP |
| page. Both means provide a CSV format whose fields follow. The first line |
| begins with a sharp ('#') and has one word per comma-delimited field which |
| represents the title of the column. All other lines starting at the second one |
| use a classical CSV format using a comma as the delimiter, and the double quote |
| ('"') as an optional text delimiter, but only if the enclosed text is ambiguous |
| (if it contains a quote or a comma). The double-quote character ('"') in the |
| text is doubled ('""'), which is the format that most tools recognize. Please |
| do not insert any column before these ones in order not to break tools which |
| use hard-coded column positions. |
| |
| In brackets after each field name are the types which may have a value for |
| that field. The types are L (Listeners), F (Frontends), B (Backends), and |
| S (Servers). |
| |
| 0. pxname [LFBS]: proxy name |
| 1. svname [LFBS]: service name (FRONTEND for frontend, BACKEND for backend, |
| any name for server/listener) |
| 2. qcur [..BS]: current queued requests. For the backend this reports the |
| number queued without a server assigned. |
| 3. qmax [..BS]: max value of qcur |
| 4. scur [LFBS]: current sessions |
| 5. smax [LFBS]: max sessions |
| 6. slim [LFBS]: configured session limit |
| 7. stot [LFBS]: cumulative number of connections |
| 8. bin [LFBS]: bytes in |
| 9. bout [LFBS]: bytes out |
| 10. dreq [LFB.]: requests denied because of security concerns. |
| - For tcp this is because of a matched tcp-request content rule. |
| - For http this is because of a matched http-request or tarpit rule. |
| 11. dresp [LFBS]: responses denied because of security concerns. |
| - For http this is because of a matched http-request rule, or |
| "option checkcache". |
| 12. ereq [LF..]: request errors. Some of the possible causes are: |
| - early termination from the client, before the request has been sent. |
| - read error from the client |
| - client timeout |
| - client closed connection |
| - various bad requests from the client. |
| - request was tarpitted. |
| 13. econ [..BS]: number of requests that encountered an error trying to |
| connect to a backend server. The backend stat is the sum of the stat |
| for all servers of that backend, plus any connection errors not |
| associated with a particular server (such as the backend having no |
| active servers). |
| 14. eresp [..BS]: response errors. srv_abrt will be counted here also. |
| Some other errors are: |
| - write error on the client socket (won't be counted for the server stat) |
| - failure applying filters to the response. |
| 15. wretr [..BS]: number of times a connection to a server was retried. |
| 16. wredis [..BS]: number of times a request was redispatched to another |
| server. The server value counts the number of times that server was |
| switched away from. |
| 17. status [LFBS]: status (UP/DOWN/NOLB/MAINT/MAINT(via)...) |
| 18. weight [..BS]: server weight (server), total weight (backend) |
| 19. act [..BS]: server is active (server), number of active servers (backend) |
| 20. bck [..BS]: server is backup (server), number of backup servers (backend) |
| 21. chkfail [...S]: number of failed checks. (Only counts checks failed when |
| the server is up.) |
| 22. chkdown [..BS]: number of UP->DOWN transitions. The backend counter counts |
| transitions to the whole backend being down, rather than the sum of the |
| counters for each server. |
| 23. lastchg [..BS]: number of seconds since the last UP<->DOWN transition |
| 24. downtime [..BS]: total downtime (in seconds). The value for the backend |
| is the downtime for the whole backend, not the sum of the server downtime. |
| 25. qlimit [...S]: configured maxqueue for the server, or nothing in the |
| value is 0 (default, meaning no limit) |
| 26. pid [LFBS]: process id (0 for first instance, 1 for second, ...) |
| 27. iid [LFBS]: unique proxy id |
| 28. sid [L..S]: server id (unique inside a proxy) |
| 29. throttle [...S]: current throttle percentage for the server, when |
| slowstart is active, or no value if not in slowstart. |
| 30. lbtot [..BS]: total number of times a server was selected, either for new |
| sessions, or when re-dispatching. The server counter is the number |
| of times that server was selected. |
| 31. tracked [...S]: id of proxy/server if tracking is enabled. |
| 32. type [LFBS]: (0=frontend, 1=backend, 2=server, 3=socket/listener) |
| 33. rate [.FBS]: number of sessions per second over last elapsed second |
| 34. rate_lim [.F..]: configured limit on new sessions per second |
| 35. rate_max [.FBS]: max number of new sessions per second |
| 36. check_status [...S]: status of last health check, one of: |
| UNK -> unknown |
| INI -> initializing |
| SOCKERR -> socket error |
| L4OK -> check passed on layer 4, no upper layers testing enabled |
| L4TMOUT -> layer 1-4 timeout |
| L4CON -> layer 1-4 connection problem, for example |
| "Connection refused" (tcp rst) or "No route to host" (icmp) |
| L6OK -> check passed on layer 6 |
| L6TOUT -> layer 6 (SSL) timeout |
| L6RSP -> layer 6 invalid response - protocol error |
| L7OK -> check passed on layer 7 |
| L7OKC -> check conditionally passed on layer 7, for example 404 with |
| disable-on-404 |
| L7TOUT -> layer 7 (HTTP/SMTP) timeout |
| L7RSP -> layer 7 invalid response - protocol error |
| L7STS -> layer 7 response error, for example HTTP 5xx |
| 37. check_code [...S]: layer5-7 code, if available |
| 38. check_duration [...S]: time in ms took to finish last health check |
| 39. hrsp_1xx [.FBS]: http responses with 1xx code |
| 40. hrsp_2xx [.FBS]: http responses with 2xx code |
| 41. hrsp_3xx [.FBS]: http responses with 3xx code |
| 42. hrsp_4xx [.FBS]: http responses with 4xx code |
| 43. hrsp_5xx [.FBS]: http responses with 5xx code |
| 44. hrsp_other [.FBS]: http responses with other codes (protocol error) |
| 45. hanafail [...S]: failed health checks details |
| 46. req_rate [.F..]: HTTP requests per second over last elapsed second |
| 47. req_rate_max [.F..]: max number of HTTP requests per second observed |
| 48. req_tot [.F..]: total number of HTTP requests received |
| 49. cli_abrt [..BS]: number of data transfers aborted by the client |
| 50. srv_abrt [..BS]: number of data transfers aborted by the server |
| (inc. in eresp) |
| 51. comp_in [.FB.]: number of HTTP response bytes fed to the compressor |
| 52. comp_out [.FB.]: number of HTTP response bytes emitted by the compressor |
| 53. comp_byp [.FB.]: number of bytes that bypassed the HTTP compressor |
| (CPU/BW limit) |
| 54. comp_rsp [.FB.]: number of HTTP responses that were compressed |
| 55. lastsess [..BS]: number of seconds since last session assigned to |
| server/backend |
| 56. last_chk [...S]: last health check contents or textual error |
| 57. last_agt [...S]: last agent check contents or textual error |
| 58. qtime [..BS]: the average queue time in ms over the 1024 last requests |
| 59. ctime [..BS]: the average connect time in ms over the 1024 last requests |
| 60. rtime [..BS]: the average response time in ms over the 1024 last requests |
| (0 for TCP) |
| 61. ttime [..BS]: the average total session time in ms over the 1024 last |
| requests |
| |
| |
| 9.2. Unix Socket commands |
| ------------------------- |
| |
| The stats socket is not enabled by default. In order to enable it, it is |
| necessary to add one line in the global section of the haproxy configuration. |
| A second line is recommended to set a larger timeout, always appreciated when |
| issuing commands by hand : |
| |
| global |
| stats socket /var/run/haproxy.sock mode 600 level admin |
| stats timeout 2m |
| |
| It is also possible to add multiple instances of the stats socket by repeating |
| the line, and make them listen to a TCP port instead of a UNIX socket. This is |
| never done by default because this is dangerous, but can be handy in some |
| situations : |
| |
| global |
| stats socket /var/run/haproxy.sock mode 600 level admin |
| stats socket ipv4@192.168.0.1:9999 level admin |
| stats timeout 2m |
| |
| To access the socket, an external utility such as "socat" is required. Socat is a |
| swiss-army knife to connect anything to anything. We use it to connect terminals |
| to the socket, or a couple of stdin/stdout pipes to it for scripts. The two main |
| syntaxes we'll use are the following : |
| |
| # socat /var/run/haproxy.sock stdio |
| # socat /var/run/haproxy.sock readline |
| |
| The first one is used with scripts. It is possible to send the output of a |
| script to haproxy, and pass haproxy's output to another script. That's useful |
| for retrieving counters or attack traces for example. |
| |
| The second one is only useful for issuing commands by hand. It has the benefit |
| that the terminal is handled by the readline library which supports line |
| editing and history, which is very convenient when issuing repeated commands |
| (eg: watch a counter). |
| |
| The socket supports two operation modes : |
| - interactive |
| - non-interactive |
| |
| The non-interactive mode is the default when socat connects to the socket. In |
| this mode, a single line may be sent. It is processed as a whole, responses are |
| sent back, and the connection closes after the end of the response. This is the |
| mode that scripts and monitoring tools use. It is possible to send multiple |
| commands in this mode, they need to be delimited by a semi-colon (';'). For |
| example : |
| |
| # echo "show info;show stat;show table" | socat /var/run/haproxy stdio |
| |
| The interactive mode displays a prompt ('>') and waits for commands to be |
| entered on the line, then processes them, and displays the prompt again to wait |
| for a new command. This mode is entered via the "prompt" command which must be |
| sent on the first line in non-interactive mode. The mode is a flip switch, if |
| "prompt" is sent in interactive mode, it is disabled and the connection closes |
| after processing the last command of the same line. |
| |
| For this reason, when debugging by hand, it's quite common to start with the |
| "prompt" command : |
| |
| # socat /var/run/haproxy readline |
| prompt |
| > show info |
| ... |
| > |
| |
| Since multiple commands may be issued at once, haproxy uses the empty line as a |
| delimiter to mark an end of output for each command, and takes care of ensuring |
| that no command can emit an empty line on output. A script can thus easily |
| parse the output even when multiple commands were pipelined on a single line. |
| |
| It is important to understand that when multiple haproxy processes are started |
| on the same sockets, any process may pick up the request and will output its |
| own stats. |
| |
| The list of commands currently supported on the stats socket is provided below. |
| If an unknown command is sent, haproxy displays the usage message which reminds |
| all supported commands. Some commands support a more complex syntax, generally |
| it will explain what part of the command is invalid when this happens. |
| |
| add acl <acl> <pattern> |
| Add an entry into the acl <acl>. <acl> is the #<id> or the <file> returned by |
| "show acl". This command does not verify if the entry already exists. This |
| command cannot be used if the reference <acl> is a file also used with a map. |
| In this case, you must use the command "add map" in place of "add acl". |
| |
| add map <map> <key> <value> |
| Add an entry into the map <map> to associate the value <value> to the key |
| <key>. This command does not verify if the entry already exists. It is |
| mainly used to fill a map after a clear operation. Note that if the reference |
| <map> is a file and is shared with a map, this map will contain also a new |
| pattern entry. |
| |
| clear counters |
| Clear the max values of the statistics counters in each proxy (frontend & |
| backend) and in each server. The cumulated counters are not affected. This |
| can be used to get clean counters after an incident, without having to |
| restart nor to clear traffic counters. This command is restricted and can |
| only be issued on sockets configured for levels "operator" or "admin". |
| |
| clear counters all |
| Clear all statistics counters in each proxy (frontend & backend) and in each |
| server. This has the same effect as restarting. This command is restricted |
| and can only be issued on sockets configured for level "admin". |
| |
| clear acl <acl> |
| Remove all entries from the acl <acl>. <acl> is the #<id> or the <file> |
| returned by "show acl". Note that if the reference <acl> is a file and is |
| shared with a map, this map will be also cleared. |
| |
| clear map <map> |
| Remove all entries from the map <map>. <map> is the #<id> or the <file> |
| returned by "show map". Note that if the reference <map> is a file and is |
| shared with a acl, this acl will be also cleared. |
| |
| clear table <table> [ data.<type> <operator> <value> ] | [ key <key> ] |
| Remove entries from the stick-table <table>. |
| |
| This is typically used to unblock some users complaining they have been |
| abusively denied access to a service, but this can also be used to clear some |
| stickiness entries matching a server that is going to be replaced (see "show |
| table" below for details). Note that sometimes, removal of an entry will be |
| refused because it is currently tracked by a session. Retrying a few seconds |
| later after the session ends is usual enough. |
| |
| In the case where no options arguments are given all entries will be removed. |
| |
| When the "data." form is used entries matching a filter applied using the |
| stored data (see "stick-table" in section 4.2) are removed. A stored data |
| type must be specified in <type>, and this data type must be stored in the |
| table otherwise an error is reported. The data is compared according to |
| <operator> with the 64-bit integer <value>. Operators are the same as with |
| the ACLs : |
| |
| - eq : match entries whose data is equal to this value |
| - ne : match entries whose data is not equal to this value |
| - le : match entries whose data is less than or equal to this value |
| - ge : match entries whose data is greater than or equal to this value |
| - lt : match entries whose data is less than this value |
| - gt : match entries whose data is greater than this value |
| |
| When the key form is used the entry <key> is removed. The key must be of the |
| same type as the table, which currently is limited to IPv4, IPv6, integer and |
| string. |
| |
| Example : |
| $ echo "show table http_proxy" | socat stdio /tmp/sock1 |
| >>> # table: http_proxy, type: ip, size:204800, used:2 |
| >>> 0x80e6a4c: key=127.0.0.1 use=0 exp=3594729 gpc0=0 conn_rate(30000)=1 \ |
| bytes_out_rate(60000)=187 |
| >>> 0x80e6a80: key=127.0.0.2 use=0 exp=3594740 gpc0=1 conn_rate(30000)=10 \ |
| bytes_out_rate(60000)=191 |
| |
| $ echo "clear table http_proxy key 127.0.0.1" | socat stdio /tmp/sock1 |
| |
| $ echo "show table http_proxy" | socat stdio /tmp/sock1 |
| >>> # table: http_proxy, type: ip, size:204800, used:1 |
| >>> 0x80e6a80: key=127.0.0.2 use=0 exp=3594740 gpc0=1 conn_rate(30000)=10 \ |
| bytes_out_rate(60000)=191 |
| $ echo "clear table http_proxy data.gpc0 eq 1" | socat stdio /tmp/sock1 |
| $ echo "show table http_proxy" | socat stdio /tmp/sock1 |
| >>> # table: http_proxy, type: ip, size:204800, used:1 |
| |
| del acl <acl> [<key>|#<ref>] |
| Delete all the acl entries from the acl <acl> corresponding to the key <key>. |
| <acl> is the #<id> or the <file> returned by "show acl". If the <ref> is used, |
| this command delete only the listed reference. The reference can be found with |
| listing the content of the acl. Note that if the reference <acl> is a file and |
| is shared with a map, the entry will be also deleted in the map. |
| |
| del map <map> [<key>|#<ref>] |
| Delete all the map entries from the map <map> corresponding to the key <key>. |
| <map> is the #<id> or the <file> returned by "show map". If the <ref> is used, |
| this command delete only the listed reference. The reference can be found with |
| listing the content of the map. Note that if the reference <map> is a file and |
| is shared with a acl, the entry will be also deleted in the map. |
| |
| disable agent <backend>/<server> |
| Mark the auxiliary agent check as temporarily stopped. |
| |
| In the case where an agent check is being run as a auxiliary check, due |
| to the agent-check parameter of a server directive, new checks are only |
| initialised when the agent is in the enabled. Thus, disable agent will |
| prevent any new agent checks from begin initiated until the agent |
| re-enabled using enable agent. |
| |
| When an agent is disabled the processing of an auxiliary agent check that |
| was initiated while the agent was set as enabled is as follows: All |
| results that would alter the weight, specifically "drain" or a weight |
| returned by the agent, are ignored. The processing of agent check is |
| otherwise unchanged. |
| |
| The motivation for this feature is to allow the weight changing effects |
| of the agent checks to be paused to allow the weight of a server to be |
| configured using set weight without being overridden by the agent. |
| |
| This command is restricted and can only be issued on sockets configured for |
| level "admin". |
| |
| disable frontend <frontend> |
| Mark the frontend as temporarily stopped. This corresponds to the mode which |
| is used during a soft restart : the frontend releases the port but can be |
| enabled again if needed. This should be used with care as some non-Linux OSes |
| are unable to enable it back. This is intended to be used in environments |
| where stopping a proxy is not even imaginable but a misconfigured proxy must |
| be fixed. That way it's possible to release the port and bind it into another |
| process to restore operations. The frontend will appear with status "STOP" |
| on the stats page. |
| |
| The frontend may be specified either by its name or by its numeric ID, |
| prefixed with a sharp ('#'). |
| |
| This command is restricted and can only be issued on sockets configured for |
| level "admin". |
| |
| disable health <backend>/<server> |
| Mark the primary health check as temporarily stopped. This will disable |
| sending of health checks, and the last health check result will be ignored. |
| The server will be in unchecked state and considered UP unless an auxiliary |
| agent check forces it down. |
| |
| This command is restricted and can only be issued on sockets configured for |
| level "admin". |
| |
| disable server <backend>/<server> |
| Mark the server DOWN for maintenance. In this mode, no more checks will be |
| performed on the server until it leaves maintenance. |
| If the server is tracked by other servers, those servers will be set to DOWN |
| during the maintenance. |
| |
| In the statistics page, a server DOWN for maintenance will appear with a |
| "MAINT" status, its tracking servers with the "MAINT(via)" one. |
| |
| Both the backend and the server may be specified either by their name or by |
| their numeric ID, prefixed with a sharp ('#'). |
| |
| This command is restricted and can only be issued on sockets configured for |
| level "admin". |
| |
| enable agent <backend>/<server> |
| Resume auxiliary agent check that was temporarily stopped. |
| |
| See "disable agent" for details of the effect of temporarily starting |
| and stopping an auxiliary agent. |
| |
| This command is restricted and can only be issued on sockets configured for |
| level "admin". |
| |
| enable frontend <frontend> |
| Resume a frontend which was temporarily stopped. It is possible that some of |
| the listening ports won't be able to bind anymore (eg: if another process |
| took them since the 'disable frontend' operation). If this happens, an error |
| is displayed. Some operating systems might not be able to resume a frontend |
| which was disabled. |
| |
| The frontend may be specified either by its name or by its numeric ID, |
| prefixed with a sharp ('#'). |
| |
| This command is restricted and can only be issued on sockets configured for |
| level "admin". |
| |
| enable health <backend>/<server> |
| Resume a primary health check that was temporarily stopped. This will enable |
| sending of health checks again. Please see "disable health" for details. |
| |
| This command is restricted and can only be issued on sockets configured for |
| level "admin". |
| |
| enable server <backend>/<server> |
| If the server was previously marked as DOWN for maintenance, this marks the |
| server UP and checks are re-enabled. |
| |
| Both the backend and the server may be specified either by their name or by |
| their numeric ID, prefixed with a sharp ('#'). |
| |
| This command is restricted and can only be issued on sockets configured for |
| level "admin". |
| |
| get map <map> <value> |
| get acl <acl> <value> |
| Lookup the value <value> in the map <map> or in the ACL <acl>. <map> or <acl> |
| are the #<id> or the <file> returned by "show map" or "show acl". This command |
| returns all the matching patterns associated with this map. This is useful for |
| debugging maps and ACLs. The output format is composed by one line par |
| matching type. Each line is composed by space-delimited series of words. |
| |
| The first two words are: |
| |
| <match method>: The match method applied. It can be "found", "bool", |
| "int", "ip", "bin", "len", "str", "beg", "sub", "dir", |
| "dom", "end" or "reg". |
| |
| <match result>: The result. Can be "match" or "no-match". |
| |
| The following words are returned only if the pattern matches an entry. |
| |
| <index type>: "tree" or "list". The internal lookup algorithm. |
| |
| <case>: "case-insensitive" or "case-sensitive". The |
| interpretation of the case. |
| |
| <entry matched>: match="<entry>". Return the matched pattern. It is |
| useful with regular expressions. |
| |
| The two last word are used to show the returned value and its type. With the |
| "acl" case, the pattern doesn't exist. |
| |
| return=nothing: No return because there are no "map". |
| return="<value>": The value returned in the string format. |
| return=cannot-display: The value cannot be converted as string. |
| |
| type="<type>": The type of the returned sample. |
| |
| get weight <backend>/<server> |
| Report the current weight and the initial weight of server <server> in |
| backend <backend> or an error if either doesn't exist. The initial weight is |
| the one that appears in the configuration file. Both are normally equal |
| unless the current weight has been changed. Both the backend and the server |
| may be specified either by their name or by their numeric ID, prefixed with a |
| sharp ('#'). |
| |
| help |
| Print the list of known keywords and their basic usage. The same help screen |
| is also displayed for unknown commands. |
| |
| prompt |
| Toggle the prompt at the beginning of the line and enter or leave interactive |
| mode. In interactive mode, the connection is not closed after a command |
| completes. Instead, the prompt will appear again, indicating the user that |
| the interpreter is waiting for a new command. The prompt consists in a right |
| angle bracket followed by a space "> ". This mode is particularly convenient |
| when one wants to periodically check information such as stats or errors. |
| It is also a good idea to enter interactive mode before issuing a "help" |
| command. |
| |
| quit |
| Close the connection when in interactive mode. |
| |
| set map <map> [<key>|#<ref>] <value> |
| Modify the value corresponding to each key <key> in a map <map>. <map> is the |
| #<id> or <file> returned by "show map". If the <ref> is used in place of |
| <key>, only the entry pointed by <ref> is changed. The new value is <value>. |
| |
| set maxconn frontend <frontend> <value> |
| Dynamically change the specified frontend's maxconn setting. Any positive |
| value is allowed including zero, but setting values larger than the global |
| maxconn does not make much sense. If the limit is increased and connections |
| were pending, they will immediately be accepted. If it is lowered to a value |
| below the current number of connections, new connections acceptation will be |
| delayed until the threshold is reached. The frontend might be specified by |
| either its name or its numeric ID prefixed with a sharp ('#'). |
| |
| set maxconn global <maxconn> |
| Dynamically change the global maxconn setting within the range defined by the |
| initial global maxconn setting. If it is increased and connections were |
| pending, they will immediately be accepted. If it is lowered to a value below |
| the current number of connections, new connections acceptation will be |
| delayed until the threshold is reached. A value of zero restores the initial |
| setting. |
| |
| set rate-limit connections global <value> |
| Change the process-wide connection rate limit, which is set by the global |
| 'maxconnrate' setting. A value of zero disables the limitation. This limit |
| applies to all frontends and the change has an immediate effect. The value |
| is passed in number of connections per second. |
| |
| set rate-limit http-compression global <value> |
| Change the maximum input compression rate, which is set by the global |
| 'maxcomprate' setting. A value of zero disables the limitation. The value is |
| passed in number of kilobytes per second. The value is available in the "show |
| info" on the line "CompressBpsRateLim" in bytes. |
| |
| set rate-limit sessions global <value> |
| Change the process-wide session rate limit, which is set by the global |
| 'maxsessrate' setting. A value of zero disables the limitation. This limit |
| applies to all frontends and the change has an immediate effect. The value |
| is passed in number of sessions per second. |
| |
| set rate-limit ssl-sessions global <value> |
| Change the process-wide SSL session rate limit, which is set by the global |
| 'maxsslrate' setting. A value of zero disables the limitation. This limit |
| applies to all frontends and the change has an immediate effect. The value |
| is passed in number of sessions per second sent to the SSL stack. It applies |
| before the handshake in order to protect the stack against handshake abuses. |
| |
| set server <backend>/<server> agent [ up | down ] |
| Force a server's agent to a new state. This can be useful to immediately |
| switch a server's state regardless of some slow agent checks for example. |
| Note that the change is propagated to tracking servers if any. |
| |
| set server <backend>/<server> health [ up | stopping | down ] |
| Force a server's health to a new state. This can be useful to immediately |
| switch a server's state regardless of some slow health checks for example. |
| Note that the change is propagated to tracking servers if any. |
| |
| set server <backend>/<server> state [ ready | drain | maint ] |
| Force a server's administrative state to a new state. This can be useful to |
| disable load balancing and/or any traffic to a server. Setting the state to |
| "ready" puts the server in normal mode, and the command is the equivalent of |
| the "enable server" command. Setting the state to "maint" disables any traffic |
| to the server as well as any health checks. This is the equivalent of the |
| "disable server" command. Setting the mode to "drain" only removes the server |
| from load balancing but still allows it to be checked and to accept new |
| persistent connections. Changes are propagated to tracking servers if any. |
| |
| set server <backend>/<server> weight <weight>[%] |
| Change a server's weight to the value passed in argument. This is the exact |
| equivalent of the "set weight" command below. |
| |
| set ssl ocsp-response <response> |
| This command is used to update an OCSP Response for a certificate (see "crt" |
| on "bind" lines). Same controls are performed as during the initial loading of |
| the response. The <response> must be passed as a base64 encoded string of the |
| DER encoded response from the OCSP server. |
| |
| Example: |
| openssl ocsp -issuer issuer.pem -cert server.pem \ |
| -host ocsp.issuer.com:80 -respout resp.der |
| echo "set ssl ocsp-response $(base64 -w 10000 resp.der)" | \ |
| socat stdio /var/run/haproxy.stat |
| |
| set table <table> key <key> [data.<data_type> <value>]* |
| Create or update a stick-table entry in the table. If the key is not present, |
| an entry is inserted. See stick-table in section 4.2 to find all possible |
| values for <data_type>. The most likely use consists in dynamically entering |
| entries for source IP addresses, with a flag in gpc0 to dynamically block an |
| IP address or affect its quality of service. It is possible to pass multiple |
| data_types in a single call. |
| |
| set timeout cli <delay> |
| Change the CLI interface timeout for current connection. This can be useful |
| during long debugging sessions where the user needs to constantly inspect |
| some indicators without being disconnected. The delay is passed in seconds. |
| |
| set weight <backend>/<server> <weight>[%] |
| Change a server's weight to the value passed in argument. If the value ends |
| with the '%' sign, then the new weight will be relative to the initially |
| configured weight. Absolute weights are permitted between 0 and 256. |
| Relative weights must be positive with the resulting absolute weight is |
| capped at 256. Servers which are part of a farm running a static |
| load-balancing algorithm have stricter limitations because the weight |
| cannot change once set. Thus for these servers, the only accepted values |
| are 0 and 100% (or 0 and the initial weight). Changes take effect |
| immediately, though certain LB algorithms require a certain amount of |
| requests to consider changes. A typical usage of this command is to |
| disable a server during an update by setting its weight to zero, then to |
| enable it again after the update by setting it back to 100%. This command |
| is restricted and can only be issued on sockets configured for level |
| "admin". Both the backend and the server may be specified either by their |
| name or by their numeric ID, prefixed with a sharp ('#'). |
| |
| show errors [<iid>] |
| Dump last known request and response errors collected by frontends and |
| backends. If <iid> is specified, the limit the dump to errors concerning |
| either frontend or backend whose ID is <iid>. This command is restricted |
| and can only be issued on sockets configured for levels "operator" or |
| "admin". |
| |
| The errors which may be collected are the last request and response errors |
| caused by protocol violations, often due to invalid characters in header |
| names. The report precisely indicates what exact character violated the |
| protocol. Other important information such as the exact date the error was |
| detected, frontend and backend names, the server name (when known), the |
| internal session ID and the source address which has initiated the session |
| are reported too. |
| |
| All characters are returned, and non-printable characters are encoded. The |
| most common ones (\t = 9, \n = 10, \r = 13 and \e = 27) are encoded as one |
| letter following a backslash. The backslash itself is encoded as '\\' to |
| avoid confusion. Other non-printable characters are encoded '\xNN' where |
| NN is the two-digits hexadecimal representation of the character's ASCII |
| code. |
| |
| Lines are prefixed with the position of their first character, starting at 0 |
| for the beginning of the buffer. At most one input line is printed per line, |
| and large lines will be broken into multiple consecutive output lines so that |
| the output never goes beyond 79 characters wide. It is easy to detect if a |
| line was broken, because it will not end with '\n' and the next line's offset |
| will be followed by a '+' sign, indicating it is a continuation of previous |
| line. |
| |
| Example : |
| $ echo "show errors" | socat stdio /tmp/sock1 |
| >>> [04/Mar/2009:15:46:56.081] backend http-in (#2) : invalid response |
| src 127.0.0.1, session #54, frontend fe-eth0 (#1), server s2 (#1) |
| response length 213 bytes, error at position 23: |
| |
| 00000 HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n |
| 00017 header/bizarre:blah\r\n |
| 00038 Location: blah\r\n |
| 00054 Long-line: this is a very long line which should b |
| 00104+ e broken into multiple lines on the output buffer, |
| 00154+ otherwise it would be too large to print in a ter |
| 00204+ minal\r\n |
| 00211 \r\n |
| |
| In the example above, we see that the backend "http-in" which has internal |
| ID 2 has blocked an invalid response from its server s2 which has internal |
| ID 1. The request was on session 54 initiated by source 127.0.0.1 and |
| received by frontend fe-eth0 whose ID is 1. The total response length was |
| 213 bytes when the error was detected, and the error was at byte 23. This |
| is the slash ('/') in header name "header/bizarre", which is not a valid |
| HTTP character for a header name. |
| |
| show info |
| Dump info about haproxy status on current process. |
| |
| show map [<map>] |
| Dump info about map converters. Without argument, the list of all available |
| maps is returned. If a <map> is specified, its contents are dumped. <map> is |
| the #<id> or <file>. The first column is a unique identifier. It can be used |
| as reference for the operation "del map" and "set map". The second column is |
| the pattern and the third column is the sample if available. The data returned |
| are not directly a list of available maps, but are the list of all patterns |
| composing any map. Many of these patterns can be shared with ACL. |
| |
| show acl [<acl>] |
| Dump info about acl converters. Without argument, the list of all available |
| acls is returned. If a <acl> is specified, its contents are dumped. <acl> if |
| the #<id> or <file>. The dump format is the same than the map even for the |
| sample value. The data returned are not a list of available ACL, but are the |
| list of all patterns composing any ACL. Many of these patterns can be shared |
| with maps. |
| |
| show pools |
| Dump the status of internal memory pools. This is useful to track memory |
| usage when suspecting a memory leak for example. It does exactly the same |
| as the SIGQUIT when running in foreground except that it does not flush |
| the pools. |
| |
| show sess |
| Dump all known sessions. Avoid doing this on slow connections as this can |
| be huge. This command is restricted and can only be issued on sockets |
| configured for levels "operator" or "admin". |
| |
| show sess <id> |
| Display a lot of internal information about the specified session identifier. |
| This identifier is the first field at the beginning of the lines in the dumps |
| of "show sess" (it corresponds to the session pointer). Those information are |
| useless to most users but may be used by haproxy developers to troubleshoot a |
| complex bug. The output format is intentionally not documented so that it can |
| freely evolve depending on demands. You may find a description of all fields |
| returned in src/dumpstats.c |
| |
| The special id "all" dumps the states of all sessions, which must be avoided |
| as much as possible as it is highly CPU intensive and can take a lot of time. |
| |
| show stat [<iid> <type> <sid>] |
| Dump statistics in the CSV format. By passing <id>, <type> and <sid>, it is |
| possible to dump only selected items : |
| - <iid> is a proxy ID, -1 to dump everything |
| - <type> selects the type of dumpable objects : 1 for frontends, 2 for |
| backends, 4 for servers, -1 for everything. These values can be ORed, |
| for example: |
| 1 + 2 = 3 -> frontend + backend. |
| 1 + 2 + 4 = 7 -> frontend + backend + server. |
| - <sid> is a server ID, -1 to dump everything from the selected proxy. |
| |
| Example : |
| $ echo "show info;show stat" | socat stdio unix-connect:/tmp/sock1 |
| >>> Name: HAProxy |
| Version: 1.4-dev2-49 |
| Release_date: 2009/09/23 |
| Nbproc: 1 |
| Process_num: 1 |
| (...) |
| |
| # pxname,svname,qcur,qmax,scur,smax,slim,stot,bin,bout,dreq, (...) |
| stats,FRONTEND,,,0,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,0,,,,,OPEN,,,,,,,,,1,1,0, (...) |
| stats,BACKEND,0,0,0,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,,0,0,0,0,UP,0,0,0,,0,250,(...) |
| (...) |
| www1,BACKEND,0,0,0,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,,0,0,0,0,UP,1,1,0,,0,250, (...) |
| |
| $ |
| |
| Here, two commands have been issued at once. That way it's easy to find |
| which process the stats apply to in multi-process mode. Notice the empty |
| line after the information output which marks the end of the first block. |
| A similar empty line appears at the end of the second block (stats) so that |
| the reader knows the output has not been truncated. |
| |
| show table |
| Dump general information on all known stick-tables. Their name is returned |
| (the name of the proxy which holds them), their type (currently zero, always |
| IP), their size in maximum possible number of entries, and the number of |
| entries currently in use. |
| |
| Example : |
| $ echo "show table" | socat stdio /tmp/sock1 |
| >>> # table: front_pub, type: ip, size:204800, used:171454 |
| >>> # table: back_rdp, type: ip, size:204800, used:0 |
| |
| show table <name> [ data.<type> <operator> <value> ] | [ key <key> ] |
| Dump contents of stick-table <name>. In this mode, a first line of generic |
| information about the table is reported as with "show table", then all |
| entries are dumped. Since this can be quite heavy, it is possible to specify |
| a filter in order to specify what entries to display. |
| |
| When the "data." form is used the filter applies to the stored data (see |
| "stick-table" in section 4.2). A stored data type must be specified |
| in <type>, and this data type must be stored in the table otherwise an |
| error is reported. The data is compared according to <operator> with the |
| 64-bit integer <value>. Operators are the same as with the ACLs : |
| |
| - eq : match entries whose data is equal to this value |
| - ne : match entries whose data is not equal to this value |
| - le : match entries whose data is less than or equal to this value |
| - ge : match entries whose data is greater than or equal to this value |
| - lt : match entries whose data is less than this value |
| - gt : match entries whose data is greater than this value |
| |
| |
| When the key form is used the entry <key> is shown. The key must be of the |
| same type as the table, which currently is limited to IPv4, IPv6, integer, |
| and string. |
| |
| Example : |
| $ echo "show table http_proxy" | socat stdio /tmp/sock1 |
| >>> # table: http_proxy, type: ip, size:204800, used:2 |
| >>> 0x80e6a4c: key=127.0.0.1 use=0 exp=3594729 gpc0=0 conn_rate(30000)=1 \ |
| bytes_out_rate(60000)=187 |
| >>> 0x80e6a80: key=127.0.0.2 use=0 exp=3594740 gpc0=1 conn_rate(30000)=10 \ |
| bytes_out_rate(60000)=191 |
| |
| $ echo "show table http_proxy data.gpc0 gt 0" | socat stdio /tmp/sock1 |
| >>> # table: http_proxy, type: ip, size:204800, used:2 |
| >>> 0x80e6a80: key=127.0.0.2 use=0 exp=3594740 gpc0=1 conn_rate(30000)=10 \ |
| bytes_out_rate(60000)=191 |
| |
| $ echo "show table http_proxy data.conn_rate gt 5" | \ |
| socat stdio /tmp/sock1 |
| >>> # table: http_proxy, type: ip, size:204800, used:2 |
| >>> 0x80e6a80: key=127.0.0.2 use=0 exp=3594740 gpc0=1 conn_rate(30000)=10 \ |
| bytes_out_rate(60000)=191 |
| |
| $ echo "show table http_proxy key 127.0.0.2" | \ |
| socat stdio /tmp/sock1 |
| >>> # table: http_proxy, type: ip, size:204800, used:2 |
| >>> 0x80e6a80: key=127.0.0.2 use=0 exp=3594740 gpc0=1 conn_rate(30000)=10 \ |
| bytes_out_rate(60000)=191 |
| |
| When the data criterion applies to a dynamic value dependent on time such as |
| a bytes rate, the value is dynamically computed during the evaluation of the |
| entry in order to decide whether it has to be dumped or not. This means that |
| such a filter could match for some time then not match anymore because as |
| time goes, the average event rate drops. |
| |
| It is possible to use this to extract lists of IP addresses abusing the |
| service, in order to monitor them or even blacklist them in a firewall. |
| Example : |
| $ echo "show table http_proxy data.gpc0 gt 0" \ |
| | socat stdio /tmp/sock1 \ |
| | fgrep 'key=' | cut -d' ' -f2 | cut -d= -f2 > abusers-ip.txt |
| ( or | awk '/key/{ print a[split($2,a,"=")]; }' ) |
| |
| shutdown frontend <frontend> |
| Completely delete the specified frontend. All the ports it was bound to will |
| be released. It will not be possible to enable the frontend anymore after |
| this operation. This is intended to be used in environments where stopping a |
| proxy is not even imaginable but a misconfigured proxy must be fixed. That |
| way it's possible to release the port and bind it into another process to |
| restore operations. The frontend will not appear at all on the stats page |
| once it is terminated. |
| |
| The frontend may be specified either by its name or by its numeric ID, |
| prefixed with a sharp ('#'). |
| |
| This command is restricted and can only be issued on sockets configured for |
| level "admin". |
| |
| shutdown session <id> |
| Immediately terminate the session matching the specified session identifier. |
| This identifier is the first field at the beginning of the lines in the dumps |
| of "show sess" (it corresponds to the session pointer). This can be used to |
| terminate a long-running session without waiting for a timeout or when an |
| endless transfer is ongoing. Such terminated sessions are reported with a 'K' |
| flag in the logs. |
| |
| shutdown sessions server <backend>/<server> |
| Immediately terminate all the sessions attached to the specified server. This |
| can be used to terminate long-running sessions after a server is put into |
| maintenance mode, for instance. Such terminated sessions are reported with a |
| 'K' flag in the logs. |
| |
| /* |
| * Local variables: |
| * fill-column: 79 |
| * End: |
| */ |