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/*
* Consistent Hash implementation
* Please consult this very well detailed article for more information :
* http://www.spiteful.com/2008/03/17/programmers-toolbox-part-3-consistent-hashing/
*
* Our implementation has to support both weighted hashing and weighted round
* robin because we'll use it to replace the previous map-based implementation
* which offered both algorithms.
*
* Copyright 2000-2010 Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
* as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
* 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
*/
#include <haproxy/backend.h>
#include <haproxy/api.h>
#include <haproxy/queue.h>
#include <haproxy/tools.h>
#include <import/eb32tree.h>
#include <types/server.h>
/* Return next tree node after <node> which must still be in the tree, or be
* NULL. Lookup wraps around the end to the beginning. If the next node is the
* same node, return NULL. This is designed to find a valid next node before
* deleting one from the tree.
*/
static inline struct eb32_node *chash_skip_node(struct eb_root *root, struct eb32_node *node)
{
struct eb32_node *stop = node;
if (!node)
return NULL;
node = eb32_next(node);
if (!node)
node = eb32_first(root);
if (node == stop)
return NULL;
return node;
}
/* Remove all of a server's entries from its tree. This may be used when
* setting a server down.
*/
static inline void chash_dequeue_srv(struct server *s)
{
while (s->lb_nodes_now > 0) {
if (s->lb_nodes_now >= s->lb_nodes_tot) // should always be false anyway
s->lb_nodes_now = s->lb_nodes_tot;
s->lb_nodes_now--;
if (s->proxy->lbprm.chash.last == &s->lb_nodes[s->lb_nodes_now].node)
s->proxy->lbprm.chash.last = chash_skip_node(s->lb_tree, s->proxy->lbprm.chash.last);
eb32_delete(&s->lb_nodes[s->lb_nodes_now].node);
}
}
/* Adjust the number of entries of a server in its tree. The server must appear
* as many times as its weight indicates it. If it's there too often, we remove
* the last occurrences. If it's not there enough, we add more occurrences. To
* remove a server from the tree, normally call this with eweight=0.
*
* The server's lock and the lbprm's lock must be held.
*/
static inline void chash_queue_dequeue_srv(struct server *s)
{
while (s->lb_nodes_now > s->next_eweight) {
if (s->lb_nodes_now >= s->lb_nodes_tot) // should always be false anyway
s->lb_nodes_now = s->lb_nodes_tot;
s->lb_nodes_now--;
if (s->proxy->lbprm.chash.last == &s->lb_nodes[s->lb_nodes_now].node)
s->proxy->lbprm.chash.last = chash_skip_node(s->lb_tree, s->proxy->lbprm.chash.last);
eb32_delete(&s->lb_nodes[s->lb_nodes_now].node);
}
/* Attempt to increase the total number of nodes, if the user
* increased the weight beyond the original weight
*/
if (s->lb_nodes_tot < s->next_eweight) {
struct tree_occ *new_nodes;
/* First we need to remove all server's entries from its tree
* because the realloc will change all nodes pointers */
chash_dequeue_srv(s);
new_nodes = realloc(s->lb_nodes, s->next_eweight * sizeof(*new_nodes));
if (new_nodes) {
unsigned int j;
s->lb_nodes = new_nodes;
memset(&s->lb_nodes[s->lb_nodes_tot], 0,
(s->next_eweight - s->lb_nodes_tot) * sizeof(*s->lb_nodes));
for (j = s->lb_nodes_tot; j < s->next_eweight; j++) {
s->lb_nodes[j].server = s;
s->lb_nodes[j].node.key = full_hash(s->puid * SRV_EWGHT_RANGE + j);
}
s->lb_nodes_tot = s->next_eweight;
}
}
while (s->lb_nodes_now < s->next_eweight) {
if (s->lb_nodes_now >= s->lb_nodes_tot) // should always be false anyway
break;
if (s->proxy->lbprm.chash.last == &s->lb_nodes[s->lb_nodes_now].node)
s->proxy->lbprm.chash.last = chash_skip_node(s->lb_tree, s->proxy->lbprm.chash.last);
eb32_insert(s->lb_tree, &s->lb_nodes[s->lb_nodes_now].node);
s->lb_nodes_now++;
}
}
/* This function updates the server trees according to server <srv>'s new
* state. It should be called when server <srv>'s status changes to down.
* It is not important whether the server was already down or not. It is not
* important either that the new state is completely down (the caller may not
* know all the variables of a server's state).
*
* The server's lock must be held. The lbprm lock will be used.
*/
static void chash_set_server_status_down(struct server *srv)
{
struct proxy *p = srv->proxy;
if (!srv_lb_status_changed(srv))
return;
HA_SPIN_LOCK(LBPRM_LOCK, &p->lbprm.lock);
if (srv_willbe_usable(srv))
goto out_update_state;
if (!srv_currently_usable(srv))
/* server was already down */
goto out_update_backend;
if (srv->flags & SRV_F_BACKUP) {
p->lbprm.tot_wbck -= srv->cur_eweight;
p->srv_bck--;
if (srv == p->lbprm.fbck) {
/* we lost the first backup server in a single-backup
* configuration, we must search another one.
*/
struct server *srv2 = p->lbprm.fbck;
do {
srv2 = srv2->next;
} while (srv2 &&
!((srv2->flags & SRV_F_BACKUP) &&
srv_willbe_usable(srv2)));
p->lbprm.fbck = srv2;
}
} else {
p->lbprm.tot_wact -= srv->cur_eweight;
p->srv_act--;
}
chash_dequeue_srv(srv);
out_update_backend:
/* check/update tot_used, tot_weight */
update_backend_weight(p);
out_update_state:
srv_lb_commit_status(srv);
HA_SPIN_UNLOCK(LBPRM_LOCK, &p->lbprm.lock);
}
/* This function updates the server trees according to server <srv>'s new
* state. It should be called when server <srv>'s status changes to up.
* It is not important whether the server was already down or not. It is not
* important either that the new state is completely UP (the caller may not
* know all the variables of a server's state). This function will not change
* the weight of a server which was already up.
*
* The server's lock must be held. The lbprm lock will be used.
*/
static void chash_set_server_status_up(struct server *srv)
{
struct proxy *p = srv->proxy;
if (!srv_lb_status_changed(srv))
return;
HA_SPIN_LOCK(LBPRM_LOCK, &p->lbprm.lock);
if (!srv_willbe_usable(srv))
goto out_update_state;
if (srv_currently_usable(srv))
/* server was already up */
goto out_update_backend;
if (srv->flags & SRV_F_BACKUP) {
p->lbprm.tot_wbck += srv->next_eweight;
p->srv_bck++;
if (!(p->options & PR_O_USE_ALL_BK)) {
if (!p->lbprm.fbck) {
/* there was no backup server anymore */
p->lbprm.fbck = srv;
} else {
/* we may have restored a backup server prior to fbck,
* in which case it should replace it.
*/
struct server *srv2 = srv;
do {
srv2 = srv2->next;
} while (srv2 && (srv2 != p->lbprm.fbck));
if (srv2)
p->lbprm.fbck = srv;
}
}
} else {
p->lbprm.tot_wact += srv->next_eweight;
p->srv_act++;
}
/* note that eweight cannot be 0 here */
chash_queue_dequeue_srv(srv);
out_update_backend:
/* check/update tot_used, tot_weight */
update_backend_weight(p);
out_update_state:
srv_lb_commit_status(srv);
HA_SPIN_UNLOCK(LBPRM_LOCK, &p->lbprm.lock);
}
/* This function must be called after an update to server <srv>'s effective
* weight. It may be called after a state change too.
*
* The server's lock must be held. The lbprm lock may be used.
*/
static void chash_update_server_weight(struct server *srv)
{
int old_state, new_state;
struct proxy *p = srv->proxy;
if (!srv_lb_status_changed(srv))
return;
/* If changing the server's weight changes its state, we simply apply
* the procedures we already have for status change. If the state
* remains down, the server is not in any tree, so it's as easy as
* updating its values. If the state remains up with different weights,
* there are some computations to perform to find a new place and
* possibly a new tree for this server.
*/
old_state = srv_currently_usable(srv);
new_state = srv_willbe_usable(srv);
if (!old_state && !new_state) {
srv_lb_commit_status(srv);
return;
}
else if (!old_state && new_state) {
chash_set_server_status_up(srv);
return;
}
else if (old_state && !new_state) {
chash_set_server_status_down(srv);
return;
}
HA_SPIN_LOCK(LBPRM_LOCK, &p->lbprm.lock);
/* only adjust the server's presence in the tree */
chash_queue_dequeue_srv(srv);
if (srv->flags & SRV_F_BACKUP)
p->lbprm.tot_wbck += srv->next_eweight - srv->cur_eweight;
else
p->lbprm.tot_wact += srv->next_eweight - srv->cur_eweight;
update_backend_weight(p);
srv_lb_commit_status(srv);
HA_SPIN_UNLOCK(LBPRM_LOCK, &p->lbprm.lock);
}
/*
* This function implements the "Consistent Hashing with Bounded Loads" algorithm
* of Mirrokni, Thorup, and Zadimoghaddam (arxiv:1608.01350), adapted for use with
* unequal server weights.
*/
int chash_server_is_eligible(struct server *s)
{
/* The total number of slots to allocate is the total number of outstanding requests
* (including the one we're about to make) times the load-balance-factor, rounded up.
*/
unsigned tot_slots = ((s->proxy->served + 1) * s->proxy->lbprm.hash_balance_factor + 99) / 100;
unsigned slots_per_weight = tot_slots / s->proxy->lbprm.tot_weight;
unsigned remainder = tot_slots % s->proxy->lbprm.tot_weight;
/* Allocate a whole number of slots per weight unit... */
unsigned slots = s->cur_eweight * slots_per_weight;
/* And then distribute the rest among servers proportionally to their weight. */
slots += ((s->cumulative_weight + s->cur_eweight) * remainder) / s->proxy->lbprm.tot_weight
- (s->cumulative_weight * remainder) / s->proxy->lbprm.tot_weight;
/* But never leave a server with 0. */
if (slots == 0)
slots = 1;
return s->served < slots;
}
/*
* This function returns the running server from the CHASH tree, which is at
* the closest distance from the value of <hash>. Doing so ensures that even
* with a well imbalanced hash, if some servers are close to each other, they
* will still both receive traffic. If any server is found, it will be returned.
* It will also skip server <avoid> if the hash result ends on this one.
* If no valid server is found, NULL is returned.
*/
struct server *chash_get_server_hash(struct proxy *p, unsigned int hash, const struct server *avoid)
{
struct eb32_node *next, *prev;
struct server *nsrv, *psrv;
struct eb_root *root;
unsigned int dn, dp;
int loop;
HA_SPIN_LOCK(LBPRM_LOCK, &p->lbprm.lock);
if (p->srv_act)
root = &p->lbprm.chash.act;
else if (p->lbprm.fbck) {
nsrv = p->lbprm.fbck;
goto out;
}
else if (p->srv_bck)
root = &p->lbprm.chash.bck;
else {
nsrv = NULL;
goto out;
}
/* find the node after and the node before */
next = eb32_lookup_ge(root, hash);
if (!next)
next = eb32_first(root);
if (!next) {
nsrv = NULL; /* tree is empty */
goto out;
}
prev = eb32_prev(next);
if (!prev)
prev = eb32_last(root);
nsrv = eb32_entry(next, struct tree_occ, node)->server;
psrv = eb32_entry(prev, struct tree_occ, node)->server;
/* OK we're located between two servers, let's
* compare distances between hash and the two servers
* and select the closest server.
*/
dp = hash - prev->key;
dn = next->key - hash;
if (dp <= dn) {
next = prev;
nsrv = psrv;
}
loop = 0;
while (nsrv == avoid || (p->lbprm.hash_balance_factor && !chash_server_is_eligible(nsrv))) {
next = eb32_next(next);
if (!next) {
next = eb32_first(root);
if (++loop > 1) // protection against accidental loop
break;
}
nsrv = eb32_entry(next, struct tree_occ, node)->server;
}
out:
HA_SPIN_UNLOCK(LBPRM_LOCK, &p->lbprm.lock);
return nsrv;
}
/* Return next server from the CHASH tree in backend <p>. If the tree is empty,
* return NULL. Saturated servers are skipped.
*/
struct server *chash_get_next_server(struct proxy *p, struct server *srvtoavoid)
{
struct server *srv, *avoided;
struct eb32_node *node, *stop, *avoided_node;
struct eb_root *root;
srv = avoided = NULL;
avoided_node = NULL;
HA_SPIN_LOCK(LBPRM_LOCK, &p->lbprm.lock);
if (p->srv_act)
root = &p->lbprm.chash.act;
else if (p->lbprm.fbck) {
srv = p->lbprm.fbck;
goto out;
}
else if (p->srv_bck)
root = &p->lbprm.chash.bck;
else {
srv = NULL;
goto out;
}
stop = node = p->lbprm.chash.last;
do {
struct server *s;
if (node)
node = eb32_next(node);
if (!node)
node = eb32_first(root);
p->lbprm.chash.last = node;
if (!node) {
/* no node is available */
srv = NULL;
goto out;
}
/* Note: if we came here after a down/up cycle with no last
* pointer, and after a redispatch (srvtoavoid is set), we
* must set stop to non-null otherwise we can loop forever.
*/
if (!stop)
stop = node;
/* OK, we have a server. However, it may be saturated, in which
* case we don't want to reconsider it for now, so we'll simply
* skip it. Same if it's the server we try to avoid, in which
* case we simply remember it for later use if needed.
*/
s = eb32_entry(node, struct tree_occ, node)->server;
if (!s->maxconn || (!s->nbpend && s->served < srv_dynamic_maxconn(s))) {
if (s != srvtoavoid) {
srv = s;
break;
}
avoided = s;
avoided_node = node;
}
} while (node != stop);
if (!srv) {
srv = avoided;
p->lbprm.chash.last = avoided_node;
}
out:
HA_SPIN_UNLOCK(LBPRM_LOCK, &p->lbprm.lock);
return srv;
}
/* This function is responsible for building the active and backup trees for
* constistent hashing. The servers receive an array of initialized nodes
* with their assigned keys. It also sets p->lbprm.wdiv to the eweight to
* uweight ratio.
*/
void chash_init_server_tree(struct proxy *p)
{
struct server *srv;
struct eb_root init_head = EB_ROOT;
int node;
p->lbprm.set_server_status_up = chash_set_server_status_up;
p->lbprm.set_server_status_down = chash_set_server_status_down;
p->lbprm.update_server_eweight = chash_update_server_weight;
p->lbprm.server_take_conn = NULL;
p->lbprm.server_drop_conn = NULL;
p->lbprm.wdiv = BE_WEIGHT_SCALE;
for (srv = p->srv; srv; srv = srv->next) {
srv->next_eweight = (srv->uweight * p->lbprm.wdiv + p->lbprm.wmult - 1) / p->lbprm.wmult;
srv_lb_commit_status(srv);
}
recount_servers(p);
update_backend_weight(p);
p->lbprm.chash.act = init_head;
p->lbprm.chash.bck = init_head;
p->lbprm.chash.last = NULL;
/* queue active and backup servers in two distinct groups */
for (srv = p->srv; srv; srv = srv->next) {
srv->lb_tree = (srv->flags & SRV_F_BACKUP) ? &p->lbprm.chash.bck : &p->lbprm.chash.act;
srv->lb_nodes_tot = srv->uweight * BE_WEIGHT_SCALE;
srv->lb_nodes_now = 0;
srv->lb_nodes = calloc(srv->lb_nodes_tot, sizeof(struct tree_occ));
for (node = 0; node < srv->lb_nodes_tot; node++) {
srv->lb_nodes[node].server = srv;
srv->lb_nodes[node].node.key = full_hash(srv->puid * SRV_EWGHT_RANGE + node);
}
if (srv_currently_usable(srv))
chash_queue_dequeue_srv(srv);
}
}