include/haproxy/compat.h - haproxy - Gitiles

 /*
  * include/haproxy/compat.h
  * Operating system compatibility interface.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2000-2020 Willy Tarreau - w@1wt.eu
  *
  * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
  * License as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2.1
  * exclusively.
  *
  * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  * Lesser General Public License for more details.
  *
  * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
  * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
  * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
  */

 #ifndef _HAPROXY_COMPAT_H
 #define _HAPROXY_COMPAT_H

 #include <limits.h>
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 /* This is needed on Linux for Netfilter includes */
 #include <sys/param.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <arpa/inet.h>
 #include <netinet/in.h>
 #include <netinet/tcp.h>


 /* These are a few short names for commonly used types whose size and sometimes
  * signedness depends on the architecture. Be careful not to rely on a few
  * common but wrong assumptions:
  *  - char is not always signed (ARM, AARCH64, PPC)
  *  - long is not always large enough for a pointer (Windows)
  * These types are needed with the standard C API (string.h, printf, syscalls).
  *
  * When a fixed size is needed (protocol interoperability), better use the
  * standard types provided by stdint.h:
  *   - size_t    : unsigned int of default word size, large enough for any
  *                 object in memory
  *   - ssize_t   : signed int of default word size, used by some syscalls
  *   - uintptr_t : an unsigned int large enough to store any pointer
  *   - ptrdiff_t : a signed int large enough to hold a distance between 2 ptrs
  *   - int<size>_t : a signed int of <size> bits (8,16,32,64 work everywhere)
  *   - uint<size>_t : an unsigned int of <size> bits
  */
 typedef signed char        schar;
 typedef unsigned char      uchar;
 typedef unsigned short     ushort;
 typedef unsigned int       uint;
 typedef unsigned long      ulong;
 typedef unsigned long long ullong;
 typedef long long          llong;


 /* set any optional field in a struct to this type to save ifdefs. Its address
  * will still be valid but it will not reserve any room nor require any
  * initialization.
  */
 typedef struct { } empty_t;

 // Redefine some limits that are not present everywhere
 #ifndef LLONG_MAX
 # define LLONG_MAX 9223372036854775807LL
 # define LLONG_MIN (-LLONG_MAX - 1LL)
 #endif

 #ifndef ULLONG_MAX
 # define ULLONG_MAX	(LLONG_MAX * 2ULL + 1)
 #endif

 #ifndef LONGBITS
 #define LONGBITS  ((unsigned int)sizeof(long) * 8)
 #endif

 #ifndef BITS_PER_INT
 #define BITS_PER_INT    (8*sizeof(int))
 #endif

 #ifndef __WORDSIZE
 # if defined(__SIZEOF_LONG__) && __SIZEOF_LONG__ == 4
 #  define __WORDSIZE 32
 # elif defined(__SIZEOF_LONG__) && __SIZEOF_LONG__ == 8
 #  define __WORDSIZE 64
 # else
 #  error "Unknown machine word size (__WORDSIZE, __SIZEOF_LONG)"
 # endif
 #endif

 #ifndef MIN
 #define MIN(a, b) (((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b))
 #endif

 #ifndef MAX
 #define MAX(a, b) (((a) > (b)) ? (a) : (b))
 #endif

 /* this is for libc5 for example */
 #ifndef TCP_NODELAY
 #define TCP_NODELAY     1
 #endif

 #ifndef SHUT_RD
 #define SHUT_RD	        0
 #endif

 #ifndef SHUT_WR
 #define SHUT_WR	        1
 #endif

 /* only Linux defines it */
 #ifndef MSG_NOSIGNAL
 #define MSG_NOSIGNAL	0
 #endif

 /* AIX does not define MSG_DONTWAIT. We'll define it to zero, and test it
  * wherever appropriate.
  */
 #ifndef MSG_DONTWAIT
 #define MSG_DONTWAIT	0
 #endif

 /* Only Linux defines MSG_MORE */
 #ifndef MSG_MORE
 #define MSG_MORE	0
 #endif

 /* On Linux 2.4 and above, MSG_TRUNC can be used on TCP sockets to drop any
  * pending data. Let's rely on NETFILTER to detect if this is supported.
  */
 #ifdef USE_NETFILTER
 #define MSG_TRUNC_CLEARS_INPUT
 #endif

 /* Maximum path length, OS-dependant */
 #ifndef MAXPATHLEN
 #define MAXPATHLEN 128
 #endif

 /* longest UNIX socket name */
 #ifndef UNIX_MAX_PATH
 #define UNIX_MAX_PATH 108
 #endif

 /* On Linux, allows pipes to be resized */
 #ifndef F_SETPIPE_SZ
 #define F_SETPIPE_SZ (1024 + 7)
 #endif

 /* On FreeBSD we don't have SI_TKILL but SI_LWP instead */
 #if !defined(SI_TKILL) && defined(SI_LWP)
 #define SI_TKILL SI_LWP
 #endif

 /* systems without such defines do not know clockid_t or timer_t */
 #if !(_POSIX_TIMERS > 0)
 #undef clockid_t
 #define clockid_t empty_t
 #undef timer_t
 #define timer_t empty_t
 #endif

 /* define a dummy value to designate "no timer". Use only 32 bits. */
 #ifndef TIMER_INVALID
 #define TIMER_INVALID ((timer_t)(unsigned long)(0xfffffffful))
 #endif

 #if defined(USE_TPROXY) && defined(USE_NETFILTER)
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/netfilter_ipv6.h>
 #include <linux/netfilter_ipv4.h>
 #endif

 /* On Linux, IP_TRANSPARENT and/or IP_FREEBIND generally require a kernel patch */
 #if defined(USE_LINUX_TPROXY)
 #if !defined(IP_FREEBIND)
 #define IP_FREEBIND 15
 #endif /* !IP_FREEBIND */
 #if !defined(IP_TRANSPARENT)
 #define IP_TRANSPARENT 19
 #endif /* !IP_TRANSPARENT */
 #if !defined(IPV6_TRANSPARENT)
 #define IPV6_TRANSPARENT 75
 #endif /* !IPV6_TRANSPARENT */
 #endif /* USE_LINUX_TPROXY */

 #if defined(IP_FREEBIND)       \
  || defined(IP_BINDANY)        \
  || defined(IPV6_BINDANY)      \
  || defined(SO_BINDANY)        \
  || defined(IP_TRANSPARENT)    \
  || defined(IPV6_TRANSPARENT)
 #define CONFIG_HAP_TRANSPARENT
 #endif

 /* We'll try to enable SO_REUSEPORT on Linux 2.4 and 2.6 if not defined.
  * There are two families of values depending on the architecture. Those
  * are at least valid on Linux 2.4 and 2.6, reason why we'll rely on the
  * USE_NETFILTER define.
  */
 #if !defined(SO_REUSEPORT) && defined(USE_NETFILTER)
 #if    (SO_REUSEADDR == 2)
 #define SO_REUSEPORT 15
 #elif  (SO_REUSEADDR == 0x0004)
 #define SO_REUSEPORT 0x0200
 #endif /* SO_REUSEADDR */
 #endif /* SO_REUSEPORT */

 /* only Linux defines TCP_FASTOPEN */
 #ifdef USE_TFO
 #ifndef TCP_FASTOPEN
 #define TCP_FASTOPEN 23
 #endif

 #ifndef TCP_FASTOPEN_CONNECT
 #define TCP_FASTOPEN_CONNECT 30
 #endif
 #endif

 /* If IPv6 is supported, define IN6_IS_ADDR_V4MAPPED() if missing. */
 #if defined(IPV6_TCLASS) && !defined(IN6_IS_ADDR_V4MAPPED)
 #define IN6_IS_ADDR_V4MAPPED(a) \
 ((((const uint32_t *) (a))[0] == 0) \
 && (((const uint32_t *) (a))[1] == 0) \
 && (((const uint32_t *) (a))[2] == htonl (0xffff)))
 #endif

 #if defined(__dietlibc__)
 #include <strings.h>
 #endif

 /* crypt_r() has been present in glibc since 2.2 and on FreeBSD since 12.0
  * (12000002). No other OS makes any mention of it for now. Feel free to add
  * valid known combinations below if needed to relax the crypt() lock when
  * using threads.
  */
 #if (defined(__GNU_LIBRARY__) && (__GLIBC__ > 2 || __GLIBC__ == 2 && __GLIBC_MINOR__ >= 2)) \
  || (defined(__FreeBSD__) && __FreeBSD_version >= 1200002)
 #define HA_HAVE_CRYPT_R
 #endif

 /* some backtrace() implementations are broken or incomplete, in this case we
  * can replace them. We must not do it all the time as some are more accurate
  * than ours.
  */
 #ifdef USE_BACKTRACE
 #if defined(__aarch64__)
 /* on aarch64 at least from gcc-4.7.4 to 7.4.1 we only get a single entry, which
  * is pointless. Ours works though it misses the faulty function itself,
  * probably due to an alternate stack for the signal handler which does not
  * create a new frame hence doesn't store the caller's return address.
  */
 #elif defined(__clang__) && defined(__x86_64__)
 /* this is on FreeBSD, clang 4.0 to 8.0 produce don't go further than the
  * sighandler.
  */
 #else
 #define HA_HAVE_WORKING_BACKTRACE
 #endif
 #endif

 /* dl_iterate_phdr() is available in GLIBC 2.2.4 and up. Let's round up to 2.3.x */
 #if defined(USE_DL) && defined(__GNU_LIBRARY__) && (__GLIBC__ > 2 || __GLIBC__ == 2 && __GLIBC_MINOR__ >= 3)
 #define HA_HAVE_DL_ITERATE_PHDR
 #define HA_HAVE_DUMP_LIBS
 #endif

 /* malloc_trim() can be very convenient to reclaim unused memory especially
  * from huge pattern files. It's available (and really usable) in glibc 2.8 and
  * above.
  */
 #if (defined(__GNU_LIBRARY__) && (__GLIBC__ > 2 || __GLIBC__ == 2 && __GLIBC_MINOR__ >= 8))
 #include <malloc.h>
 #define HA_HAVE_MALLOC_TRIM
 #endif

 /* glibc 2.26 includes a thread-local cache which makes it fast enough in threads */
 #if (defined(__GNU_LIBRARY__) && (__GLIBC__ > 2 || __GLIBC__ == 2 && __GLIBC_MINOR__ >= 26))
 #include <malloc.h>
 #define HA_HAVE_FAST_MALLOC
 #endif

 /* glibc 2.33 provides mallinfo2() that overcomes mallinfo()'s type limitations */
 #if (defined(__GNU_LIBRARY__) && (__GLIBC__ > 2 || __GLIBC__ == 2 && __GLIBC_MINOR__ >= 33))
 #include <malloc.h>
 #define HA_HAVE_MALLINFO2
 #endif

 /* FreeBSD also has malloc_usable_size() but it requires malloc_np.h */
 #if defined(USE_MEMORY_PROFILING) && defined(__FreeBSD__) && (__FreeBSD_version >= 700002)
 #include <malloc_np.h>
 #endif

 /* macOS has a call similar to malloc_usable_size */
 #if defined(USE_MEMORY_PROFILING) && defined(__APPLE__)
 #include <malloc/malloc.h>
 #define malloc_usable_size malloc_size
 #endif

 /* Max number of file descriptors we send in one sendmsg(). Linux seems to be
  * able to send 253 fds per sendmsg(), however musl is limited to 252, not sure
  * about the other OSes.
  */
 #define MAX_SEND_FD 252

 /* Make the new complex name for the xxhash function easier to remember
  * and use.
  */
 #ifndef XXH3
 #define XXH3(data, len, seed) XXH3_64bits_withSeed(data, len, seed)
 #endif

 #endif /* _HAPROXY_COMPAT_H */

 /*
  * Local variables:
  *  c-indent-level: 8
  *  c-basic-offset: 8
  * End:
  */
	/*
	* include/haproxy/compat.h
	* Operating system compatibility interface.
	*
	* Copyright (C) 2000-2020 Willy Tarreau - w@1wt.eu
	*
	* This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
	* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
	* License as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2.1
	* exclusively.
	*
	* This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
	* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
	* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
	* Lesser General Public License for more details.
	*
	* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
	* License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
	* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
	*/

	#ifndef _HAPROXY_COMPAT_H
	#define _HAPROXY_COMPAT_H

	#include <limits.h>
	#include <signal.h>
	#include <time.h>
	#include <unistd.h>
	/* This is needed on Linux for Netfilter includes */
	#include <sys/param.h>
	#include <sys/types.h>
	#include <sys/socket.h>
	#include <arpa/inet.h>
	#include <netinet/in.h>
	#include <netinet/tcp.h>


	/* These are a few short names for commonly used types whose size and sometimes
	* signedness depends on the architecture. Be careful not to rely on a few
	* common but wrong assumptions:
	* - char is not always signed (ARM, AARCH64, PPC)
	* - long is not always large enough for a pointer (Windows)
	* These types are needed with the standard C API (string.h, printf, syscalls).
	*
	* When a fixed size is needed (protocol interoperability), better use the
	* standard types provided by stdint.h:
	* - size_t : unsigned int of default word size, large enough for any
	* object in memory
	* - ssize_t : signed int of default word size, used by some syscalls
	* - uintptr_t : an unsigned int large enough to store any pointer
	* - ptrdiff_t : a signed int large enough to hold a distance between 2 ptrs
	* - int<size>_t : a signed int of <size> bits (8,16,32,64 work everywhere)
	* - uint<size>_t : an unsigned int of <size> bits
	*/
	typedef signed char schar;
	typedef unsigned char uchar;
	typedef unsigned short ushort;
	typedef unsigned int uint;
	typedef unsigned long ulong;
	typedef unsigned long long ullong;
	typedef long long llong;


	/* set any optional field in a struct to this type to save ifdefs. Its address
	* will still be valid but it will not reserve any room nor require any
	* initialization.
	*/
	typedef struct { } empty_t;

	// Redefine some limits that are not present everywhere
	#ifndef LLONG_MAX
	# define LLONG_MAX 9223372036854775807LL
	# define LLONG_MIN (-LLONG_MAX - 1LL)
	#endif

	#ifndef ULLONG_MAX
	# define ULLONG_MAX (LLONG_MAX * 2ULL + 1)
	#endif

	#ifndef LONGBITS
	#define LONGBITS ((unsigned int)sizeof(long) * 8)
	#endif

	#ifndef BITS_PER_INT
	#define BITS_PER_INT (8*sizeof(int))
	#endif

	#ifndef __WORDSIZE
	# if defined(__SIZEOF_LONG__) && __SIZEOF_LONG__ == 4
	# define __WORDSIZE 32
	# elif defined(__SIZEOF_LONG__) && __SIZEOF_LONG__ == 8
	# define __WORDSIZE 64
	# else
	# error "Unknown machine word size (__WORDSIZE, __SIZEOF_LONG)"
	# endif
	#endif

	#ifndef MIN
	#define MIN(a, b) (((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b))
	#endif

	#ifndef MAX
	#define MAX(a, b) (((a) > (b)) ? (a) : (b))
	#endif

	/* this is for libc5 for example */
	#ifndef TCP_NODELAY
	#define TCP_NODELAY 1
	#endif

	#ifndef SHUT_RD
	#define SHUT_RD 0
	#endif

	#ifndef SHUT_WR
	#define SHUT_WR 1
	#endif

	/* only Linux defines it */
	#ifndef MSG_NOSIGNAL
	#define MSG_NOSIGNAL 0
	#endif

	/* AIX does not define MSG_DONTWAIT. We'll define it to zero, and test it
	* wherever appropriate.
	*/
	#ifndef MSG_DONTWAIT
	#define MSG_DONTWAIT 0
	#endif

	/* Only Linux defines MSG_MORE */
	#ifndef MSG_MORE
	#define MSG_MORE 0
	#endif

	/* On Linux 2.4 and above, MSG_TRUNC can be used on TCP sockets to drop any
	* pending data. Let's rely on NETFILTER to detect if this is supported.
	*/
	#ifdef USE_NETFILTER
	#define MSG_TRUNC_CLEARS_INPUT
	#endif

	/* Maximum path length, OS-dependant */
	#ifndef MAXPATHLEN
	#define MAXPATHLEN 128
	#endif

	/* longest UNIX socket name */
	#ifndef UNIX_MAX_PATH
	#define UNIX_MAX_PATH 108
	#endif

	/* On Linux, allows pipes to be resized */
	#ifndef F_SETPIPE_SZ
	#define F_SETPIPE_SZ (1024 + 7)
	#endif

	/* On FreeBSD we don't have SI_TKILL but SI_LWP instead */
	#if !defined(SI_TKILL) && defined(SI_LWP)
	#define SI_TKILL SI_LWP
	#endif

	/* systems without such defines do not know clockid_t or timer_t */
	#if !(_POSIX_TIMERS > 0)
	#undef clockid_t
	#define clockid_t empty_t
	#undef timer_t
	#define timer_t empty_t
	#endif

	/* define a dummy value to designate "no timer". Use only 32 bits. */
	#ifndef TIMER_INVALID
	#define TIMER_INVALID ((timer_t)(unsigned long)(0xfffffffful))
	#endif

	#if defined(USE_TPROXY) && defined(USE_NETFILTER)
	#include <linux/types.h>
	#include <linux/netfilter_ipv6.h>
	#include <linux/netfilter_ipv4.h>
	#endif

	/* On Linux, IP_TRANSPARENT and/or IP_FREEBIND generally require a kernel patch */
	#if defined(USE_LINUX_TPROXY)
	#if !defined(IP_FREEBIND)
	#define IP_FREEBIND 15
	#endif /* !IP_FREEBIND */
	#if !defined(IP_TRANSPARENT)
	#define IP_TRANSPARENT 19
	#endif /* !IP_TRANSPARENT */
	#if !defined(IPV6_TRANSPARENT)
	#define IPV6_TRANSPARENT 75
	#endif /* !IPV6_TRANSPARENT */
	#endif /* USE_LINUX_TPROXY */

	#if defined(IP_FREEBIND) \
	\|\| defined(IP_BINDANY) \
	\|\| defined(IPV6_BINDANY) \
	\|\| defined(SO_BINDANY) \
	\|\| defined(IP_TRANSPARENT) \
	\|\| defined(IPV6_TRANSPARENT)
	#define CONFIG_HAP_TRANSPARENT
	#endif

	/* We'll try to enable SO_REUSEPORT on Linux 2.4 and 2.6 if not defined.
	* There are two families of values depending on the architecture. Those
	* are at least valid on Linux 2.4 and 2.6, reason why we'll rely on the
	* USE_NETFILTER define.
	*/
	#if !defined(SO_REUSEPORT) && defined(USE_NETFILTER)
	#if (SO_REUSEADDR == 2)
	#define SO_REUSEPORT 15
	#elif (SO_REUSEADDR == 0x0004)
	#define SO_REUSEPORT 0x0200
	#endif /* SO_REUSEADDR */
	#endif /* SO_REUSEPORT */

	/* only Linux defines TCP_FASTOPEN */
	#ifdef USE_TFO
	#ifndef TCP_FASTOPEN
	#define TCP_FASTOPEN 23
	#endif

	#ifndef TCP_FASTOPEN_CONNECT
	#define TCP_FASTOPEN_CONNECT 30
	#endif
	#endif

	/* If IPv6 is supported, define IN6_IS_ADDR_V4MAPPED() if missing. */
	#if defined(IPV6_TCLASS) && !defined(IN6_IS_ADDR_V4MAPPED)
	#define IN6_IS_ADDR_V4MAPPED(a) \
	((((const uint32_t *) (a))[0] == 0) \
	&& (((const uint32_t *) (a))[1] == 0) \
	&& (((const uint32_t *) (a))[2] == htonl (0xffff)))
	#endif

	#if defined(__dietlibc__)
	#include <strings.h>
	#endif

	/* crypt_r() has been present in glibc since 2.2 and on FreeBSD since 12.0
	* (12000002). No other OS makes any mention of it for now. Feel free to add
	* valid known combinations below if needed to relax the crypt() lock when
	* using threads.
	*/
	#if (defined(__GNU_LIBRARY__) && (__GLIBC__ > 2 \|\| __GLIBC__ == 2 && __GLIBC_MINOR__ >= 2)) \
	\|\| (defined(__FreeBSD__) && __FreeBSD_version >= 1200002)
	#define HA_HAVE_CRYPT_R
	#endif

	/* some backtrace() implementations are broken or incomplete, in this case we
	* can replace them. We must not do it all the time as some are more accurate
	* than ours.
	*/
	#ifdef USE_BACKTRACE
	#if defined(__aarch64__)
	/* on aarch64 at least from gcc-4.7.4 to 7.4.1 we only get a single entry, which
	* is pointless. Ours works though it misses the faulty function itself,
	* probably due to an alternate stack for the signal handler which does not
	* create a new frame hence doesn't store the caller's return address.
	*/
	#elif defined(__clang__) && defined(__x86_64__)
	/* this is on FreeBSD, clang 4.0 to 8.0 produce don't go further than the
	* sighandler.
	*/
	#else
	#define HA_HAVE_WORKING_BACKTRACE
	#endif
	#endif

	/* dl_iterate_phdr() is available in GLIBC 2.2.4 and up. Let's round up to 2.3.x */
	#if defined(USE_DL) && defined(__GNU_LIBRARY__) && (__GLIBC__ > 2 \|\| __GLIBC__ == 2 && __GLIBC_MINOR__ >= 3)
	#define HA_HAVE_DL_ITERATE_PHDR
	#define HA_HAVE_DUMP_LIBS
	#endif

	/* malloc_trim() can be very convenient to reclaim unused memory especially
	* from huge pattern files. It's available (and really usable) in glibc 2.8 and
	* above.
	*/
	#if (defined(__GNU_LIBRARY__) && (__GLIBC__ > 2 \|\| __GLIBC__ == 2 && __GLIBC_MINOR__ >= 8))
	#include <malloc.h>
	#define HA_HAVE_MALLOC_TRIM
	#endif

	/* glibc 2.26 includes a thread-local cache which makes it fast enough in threads */
	#if (defined(__GNU_LIBRARY__) && (__GLIBC__ > 2 \|\| __GLIBC__ == 2 && __GLIBC_MINOR__ >= 26))
	#include <malloc.h>
	#define HA_HAVE_FAST_MALLOC
	#endif

	/* glibc 2.33 provides mallinfo2() that overcomes mallinfo()'s type limitations */
	#if (defined(__GNU_LIBRARY__) && (__GLIBC__ > 2 \|\| __GLIBC__ == 2 && __GLIBC_MINOR__ >= 33))
	#include <malloc.h>
	#define HA_HAVE_MALLINFO2
	#endif

	/* FreeBSD also has malloc_usable_size() but it requires malloc_np.h */
	#if defined(USE_MEMORY_PROFILING) && defined(__FreeBSD__) && (__FreeBSD_version >= 700002)
	#include <malloc_np.h>
	#endif

	/* macOS has a call similar to malloc_usable_size */
	#if defined(USE_MEMORY_PROFILING) && defined(__APPLE__)
	#include <malloc/malloc.h>
	#define malloc_usable_size malloc_size
	#endif

	/* Max number of file descriptors we send in one sendmsg(). Linux seems to be
	* able to send 253 fds per sendmsg(), however musl is limited to 252, not sure
	* about the other OSes.
	*/
	#define MAX_SEND_FD 252

	/* Make the new complex name for the xxhash function easier to remember
	* and use.
	*/
	#ifndef XXH3
	#define XXH3(data, len, seed) XXH3_64bits_withSeed(data, len, seed)
	#endif

	#endif /* _HAPROXY_COMPAT_H */

	/*
	* Local variables:
	* c-indent-level: 8
	* c-basic-offset: 8
	* End:
	*/