dts/upstream/Bindings/pci/pci.txt

PCI bus bridges have standardized Device Tree bindings:

PCI Bus Binding to: IEEE Std 1275-1994
https://www.devicetree.org/open-firmware/bindings/pci/pci2_1.pdf

And for the interrupt mapping part:

Open Firmware Recommended Practice: Interrupt Mapping
https://www.devicetree.org/open-firmware/practice/imap/imap0_9d.pdf

Additionally to the properties specified in the above standards a host bridge
driver implementation may support the following properties:

- linux,pci-domain:
   If present this property assigns a fixed PCI domain number to a host bridge,
   otherwise an unstable (across boots) unique number will be assigned.
   It is required to either not set this property at all or set it for all
   host bridges in the system, otherwise potentially conflicting domain numbers
   may be assigned to root buses behind different host bridges.  The domain
   number for each host bridge in the system must be unique.
- max-link-speed:
   If present this property specifies PCI gen for link capability.  Host
   drivers could add this as a strategy to avoid unnecessary operation for
   unsupported link speed, for instance, trying to do training for
   unsupported link speed, etc.  Must be '4' for gen4, '3' for gen3, '2'
   for gen2, and '1' for gen1. Any other values are invalid.
- reset-gpios:
   If present this property specifies PERST# GPIO. Host drivers can parse the
   GPIO and apply fundamental reset to endpoints.
- supports-clkreq:
   If present this property specifies that CLKREQ signal routing exists from
   root port to downstream device and host bridge drivers can do programming
   which depends on CLKREQ signal existence. For example, programming root port
   not to advertise ASPM L1 Sub-States support if there is no CLKREQ signal.

PCI-PCI Bridge properties
-------------------------

PCIe root ports and switch ports may be described explicitly in the device
tree, as children of the host bridge node. Even though those devices are
discoverable by probing, it might be necessary to describe properties that
aren't provided by standard PCIe capabilities.

Required properties:

- reg:
   Identifies the PCI-PCI bridge. As defined in the IEEE Std 1275-1994
   document, it is a five-cell address encoded as (phys.hi phys.mid
   phys.lo size.hi size.lo). phys.hi should contain the device's BDF as
   0b00000000 bbbbbbbb dddddfff 00000000. The other cells should be zero.

   The bus number is defined by firmware, through the standard bridge
   configuration mechanism. If this port is a switch port, then firmware
   allocates the bus number and writes it into the Secondary Bus Number
   register of the bridge directly above this port. Otherwise, the bus
   number of a root port is the first number in the bus-range property,
   defaulting to zero.

   If firmware leaves the ARI Forwarding Enable bit set in the bridge
   above this port, then phys.hi contains the 8-bit function number as
   0b00000000 bbbbbbbb ffffffff 00000000. Note that the PCIe specification
   recommends that firmware only leaves ARI enabled when it knows that the
   OS is ARI-aware.

Optional properties:

- external-facing:
   When present, the port is external-facing. All bridges and endpoints
   downstream of this port are external to the machine. The OS can, for
   example, use this information to identify devices that cannot be
   trusted with relaxed DMA protection, as users could easily attach
   malicious devices to this port.

Example:

pcie@10000000 {
	compatible = "pci-host-ecam-generic";
	...
	pcie@0008 {
		/* Root port 00:01.0 is external-facing */
		reg = <0x00000800 0 0 0 0>;
		external-facing;
	};
};