tools/binman/entry.py

# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
# Copyright (c) 2016 Google, Inc
#
# Base class for all entries
#

from collections import namedtuple
import importlib
import os
import sys

from dtoc import fdt_util
from patman import tools
from patman.tools import ToHex, ToHexSize
from patman import tout

modules = {}


# An argument which can be passed to entries on the command line, in lieu of
# device-tree properties.
EntryArg = namedtuple('EntryArg', ['name', 'datatype'])

# Information about an entry for use when displaying summaries
EntryInfo = namedtuple('EntryInfo', ['indent', 'name', 'etype', 'size',
                                     'image_pos', 'uncomp_size', 'offset',
                                     'entry'])

class Entry(object):
    """An Entry in the section

    An entry corresponds to a single node in the device-tree description
    of the section. Each entry ends up being a part of the final section.
    Entries can be placed either right next to each other, or with padding
    between them. The type of the entry determines the data that is in it.

    This class is not used by itself. All entry objects are subclasses of
    Entry.

    Attributes:
        section: Section object containing this entry
        node: The node that created this entry
        offset: Offset of entry within the section, None if not known yet (in
            which case it will be calculated by Pack())
        size: Entry size in bytes, None if not known
        pre_reset_size: size as it was before ResetForPack(). This allows us to
            keep track of the size we started with and detect size changes
        uncomp_size: Size of uncompressed data in bytes, if the entry is
            compressed, else None
        contents_size: Size of contents in bytes, 0 by default
        align: Entry start offset alignment relative to the start of the
            containing section, or None
        align_size: Entry size alignment, or None
        align_end: Entry end offset alignment relative to the start of the
            containing section, or None
        pad_before: Number of pad bytes before the contents when it is placed
            in the containing section, 0 if none. The pad bytes become part of
            the entry.
        pad_after: Number of pad bytes after the contents when it is placed in
            the containing section, 0 if none. The pad bytes become part of
            the entry.
        data: Contents of entry (string of bytes). This does not include
            padding created by pad_before or pad_after. If the entry is
            compressed, this contains the compressed data.
        uncomp_data: Original uncompressed data, if this entry is compressed,
            else None
        compress: Compression algoithm used (e.g. 'lz4'), 'none' if none
        orig_offset: Original offset value read from node
        orig_size: Original size value read from node
        missing: True if this entry is missing its contents
        allow_missing: Allow children of this entry to be missing (used by
            subclasses such as Entry_section)
        external: True if this entry contains an external binary blob
    """
    def __init__(self, section, etype, node, name_prefix=''):
        # Put this here to allow entry-docs and help to work without libfdt
        global state
        from binman import state

        self.section = section
        self.etype = etype
        self._node = node
        self.name = node and (name_prefix + node.name) or 'none'
        self.offset = None
        self.size = None
        self.pre_reset_size = None
        self.uncomp_size = None
        self.data = None
        self.uncomp_data = None
        self.contents_size = 0
        self.align = None
        self.align_size = None
        self.align_end = None
        self.pad_before = 0
        self.pad_after = 0
        self.offset_unset = False
        self.image_pos = None
        self._expand_size = False
        self.compress = 'none'
        self.missing = False
        self.external = False
        self.allow_missing = False

    @staticmethod
    def Lookup(node_path, etype):
        """Look up the entry class for a node.

        Args:
            node_node: Path name of Node object containing information about
                       the entry to create (used for errors)
            etype:   Entry type to use

        Returns:
            The entry class object if found, else None
        """
        # Convert something like 'u-boot@0' to 'u_boot' since we are only
        # interested in the type.
        module_name = etype.replace('-', '_')
        if '@' in module_name:
            module_name = module_name.split('@')[0]
        module = modules.get(module_name)

        # Also allow entry-type modules to be brought in from the etype directory.

        # Import the module if we have not already done so.
        if not module:
            try:
                module = importlib.import_module('binman.etype.' + module_name)
            except ImportError as e:
                raise ValueError("Unknown entry type '%s' in node '%s' (expected etype/%s.py, error '%s'" %
                                 (etype, node_path, module_name, e))
            modules[module_name] = module

        # Look up the expected class name
        return getattr(module, 'Entry_%s' % module_name)

    @staticmethod
    def Create(section, node, etype=None):
        """Create a new entry for a node.

        Args:
            section: Section object containing this node
            node:    Node object containing information about the entry to
                     create
            etype:   Entry type to use, or None to work it out (used for tests)

        Returns:
            A new Entry object of the correct type (a subclass of Entry)
        """
        if not etype:
            etype = fdt_util.GetString(node, 'type', node.name)
        obj = Entry.Lookup(node.path, etype)

        # Call its constructor to get the object we want.
        return obj(section, etype, node)

    def ReadNode(self):
        """Read entry information from the node

        This must be called as the first thing after the Entry is created.

        This reads all the fields we recognise from the node, ready for use.
        """
        if 'pos' in self._node.props:
            self.Raise("Please use 'offset' instead of 'pos'")
        self.offset = fdt_util.GetInt(self._node, 'offset')
        self.size = fdt_util.GetInt(self._node, 'size')
        self.orig_offset = fdt_util.GetInt(self._node, 'orig-offset')
        self.orig_size = fdt_util.GetInt(self._node, 'orig-size')
        if self.GetImage().copy_to_orig:
            self.orig_offset = self.offset
            self.orig_size = self.size

        # These should not be set in input files, but are set in an FDT map,
        # which is also read by this code.
        self.image_pos = fdt_util.GetInt(self._node, 'image-pos')
        self.uncomp_size = fdt_util.GetInt(self._node, 'uncomp-size')

        self.align = fdt_util.GetInt(self._node, 'align')
        if tools.NotPowerOfTwo(self.align):
            raise ValueError("Node '%s': Alignment %s must be a power of two" %
                             (self._node.path, self.align))
        self.pad_before = fdt_util.GetInt(self._node, 'pad-before', 0)
        self.pad_after = fdt_util.GetInt(self._node, 'pad-after', 0)
        self.align_size = fdt_util.GetInt(self._node, 'align-size')
        if tools.NotPowerOfTwo(self.align_size):
            self.Raise("Alignment size %s must be a power of two" %
                       self.align_size)
        self.align_end = fdt_util.GetInt(self._node, 'align-end')
        self.offset_unset = fdt_util.GetBool(self._node, 'offset-unset')
        self.expand_size = fdt_util.GetBool(self._node, 'expand-size')
        self.missing_msg = fdt_util.GetString(self._node, 'missing-msg')

        # This is only supported by blobs and sections at present
        self.compress = fdt_util.GetString(self._node, 'compress', 'none')

    def GetDefaultFilename(self):
        return None

    def GetFdts(self):
        """Get the device trees used by this entry

        Returns:
            Empty dict, if this entry is not a .dtb, otherwise:
            Dict:
                key: Filename from this entry (without the path)
                value: Tuple:
                    Fdt object for this dtb, or None if not available
                    Filename of file containing this dtb
        """
        return {}

    def ExpandEntries(self):
        pass

    def AddMissingProperties(self):
        """Add new properties to the device tree as needed for this entry"""
        for prop in ['offset', 'size', 'image-pos']:
            if not prop in self._node.props:
                state.AddZeroProp(self._node, prop)
        if self.GetImage().allow_repack:
            if self.orig_offset is not None:
                state.AddZeroProp(self._node, 'orig-offset', True)
            if self.orig_size is not None:
                state.AddZeroProp(self._node, 'orig-size', True)

        if self.compress != 'none':
            state.AddZeroProp(self._node, 'uncomp-size')
        err = state.CheckAddHashProp(self._node)
        if err:
            self.Raise(err)

    def SetCalculatedProperties(self):
        """Set the value of device-tree properties calculated by binman"""
        state.SetInt(self._node, 'offset', self.offset)
        state.SetInt(self._node, 'size', self.size)
        base = self.section.GetRootSkipAtStart() if self.section else 0
        state.SetInt(self._node, 'image-pos', self.image_pos - base)
        if self.GetImage().allow_repack:
            if self.orig_offset is not None:
                state.SetInt(self._node, 'orig-offset', self.orig_offset, True)
            if self.orig_size is not None:
                state.SetInt(self._node, 'orig-size', self.orig_size, True)
        if self.uncomp_size is not None:
            state.SetInt(self._node, 'uncomp-size', self.uncomp_size)
        state.CheckSetHashValue(self._node, self.GetData)

    def ProcessFdt(self, fdt):
        """Allow entries to adjust the device tree

        Some entries need to adjust the device tree for their purposes. This
        may involve adding or deleting properties.

        Returns:
            True if processing is complete
            False if processing could not be completed due to a dependency.
                This will cause the entry to be retried after others have been
                called
        """
        return True

    def SetPrefix(self, prefix):
        """Set the name prefix for a node

        Args:
            prefix: Prefix to set, or '' to not use a prefix
        """
        if prefix:
            self.name = prefix + self.name

    def SetContents(self, data):
        """Set the contents of an entry

        This sets both the data and content_size properties

        Args:
            data: Data to set to the contents (bytes)
        """
        self.data = data
        self.contents_size = len(self.data)

    def ProcessContentsUpdate(self, data):
        """Update the contents of an entry, after the size is fixed

        This checks that the new data is the same size as the old. If the size
        has changed, this triggers a re-run of the packing algorithm.

        Args:
            data: Data to set to the contents (bytes)

        Raises:
            ValueError if the new data size is not the same as the old
        """
        size_ok = True
        new_size = len(data)
        if state.AllowEntryExpansion() and new_size > self.contents_size:
            # self.data will indicate the new size needed
            size_ok = False
        elif state.AllowEntryContraction() and new_size < self.contents_size:
            size_ok = False

        # If not allowed to change, try to deal with it or give up
        if size_ok:
            if new_size > self.contents_size:
                self.Raise('Cannot update entry size from %d to %d' %
                        (self.contents_size, new_size))

            # Don't let the data shrink. Pad it if necessary
            if size_ok and new_size < self.contents_size:
                data += tools.GetBytes(0, self.contents_size - new_size)

        if not size_ok:
            tout.Debug("Entry '%s' size change from %s to %s" % (
                self._node.path, ToHex(self.contents_size),
                ToHex(new_size)))
        self.SetContents(data)
        return size_ok

    def ObtainContents(self):
        """Figure out the contents of an entry.

        Returns:
            True if the contents were found, False if another call is needed
            after the other entries are processed.
        """
        # No contents by default: subclasses can implement this
        return True

    def ResetForPack(self):
        """Reset offset/size fields so that packing can be done again"""
        self.Detail('ResetForPack: offset %s->%s, size %s->%s' %
                    (ToHex(self.offset), ToHex(self.orig_offset),
                     ToHex(self.size), ToHex(self.orig_size)))
        self.pre_reset_size = self.size
        self.offset = self.orig_offset
        self.size = self.orig_size

    def Pack(self, offset):
        """Figure out how to pack the entry into the section

        Most of the time the entries are not fully specified. There may be
        an alignment but no size. In that case we take the size from the
        contents of the entry.

        If an entry has no hard-coded offset, it will be placed at @offset.

        Once this function is complete, both the offset and size of the
        entry will be know.

        Args:
            Current section offset pointer

        Returns:
            New section offset pointer (after this entry)
        """
        self.Detail('Packing: offset=%s, size=%s, content_size=%x' %
                    (ToHex(self.offset), ToHex(self.size),
                     self.contents_size))
        if self.offset is None:
            if self.offset_unset:
                self.Raise('No offset set with offset-unset: should another '
                           'entry provide this correct offset?')
            self.offset = tools.Align(offset, self.align)
        needed = self.pad_before + self.contents_size + self.pad_after
        needed = tools.Align(needed, self.align_size)
        size = self.size
        if not size:
            size = needed
        new_offset = self.offset + size
        aligned_offset = tools.Align(new_offset, self.align_end)
        if aligned_offset != new_offset:
            size = aligned_offset - self.offset
            new_offset = aligned_offset

        if not self.size:
            self.size = size

        if self.size < needed:
            self.Raise("Entry contents size is %#x (%d) but entry size is "
                       "%#x (%d)" % (needed, needed, self.size, self.size))
        # Check that the alignment is correct. It could be wrong if the
        # and offset or size values were provided (i.e. not calculated), but
        # conflict with the provided alignment values
        if self.size != tools.Align(self.size, self.align_size):
            self.Raise("Size %#x (%d) does not match align-size %#x (%d)" %
                  (self.size, self.size, self.align_size, self.align_size))
        if self.offset != tools.Align(self.offset, self.align):
            self.Raise("Offset %#x (%d) does not match align %#x (%d)" %
                  (self.offset, self.offset, self.align, self.align))
        self.Detail('   - packed: offset=%#x, size=%#x, content_size=%#x, next_offset=%x' %
                    (self.offset, self.size, self.contents_size, new_offset))

        return new_offset

    def Raise(self, msg):
        """Convenience function to raise an error referencing a node"""
        raise ValueError("Node '%s': %s" % (self._node.path, msg))

    def Detail(self, msg):
        """Convenience function to log detail referencing a node"""
        tag = "Node '%s'" % self._node.path
        tout.Detail('%30s: %s' % (tag, msg))

    def GetEntryArgsOrProps(self, props, required=False):
        """Return the values of a set of properties

        Args:
            props: List of EntryArg objects

        Raises:
            ValueError if a property is not found
        """
        values = []
        missing = []
        for prop in props:
            python_prop = prop.name.replace('-', '_')
            if hasattr(self, python_prop):
                value = getattr(self, python_prop)
            else:
                value = None
            if value is None:
                value = self.GetArg(prop.name, prop.datatype)
            if value is None and required:
                missing.append(prop.name)
            values.append(value)
        if missing:
            self.Raise('Missing required properties/entry args: %s' %
                       (', '.join(missing)))
        return values

    def GetPath(self):
        """Get the path of a node

        Returns:
            Full path of the node for this entry
        """
        return self._node.path

    def GetData(self):
        self.Detail('GetData: size %s' % ToHexSize(self.data))
        return self.data

    def GetOffsets(self):
        """Get the offsets for siblings

        Some entry types can contain information about the position or size of
        other entries. An example of this is the Intel Flash Descriptor, which
        knows where the Intel Management Engine section should go.

        If this entry knows about the position of other entries, it can specify
        this by returning values here

        Returns:
            Dict:
                key: Entry type
                value: List containing position and size of the given entry
                    type. Either can be None if not known
        """
        return {}

    def SetOffsetSize(self, offset, size):
        """Set the offset and/or size of an entry

        Args:
            offset: New offset, or None to leave alone
            size: New size, or None to leave alone
        """
        if offset is not None:
            self.offset = offset
        if size is not None:
            self.size = size

    def SetImagePos(self, image_pos):
        """Set the position in the image

        Args:
            image_pos: Position of this entry in the image
        """
        self.image_pos = image_pos + self.offset

    def ProcessContents(self):
        """Do any post-packing updates of entry contents

        This function should call ProcessContentsUpdate() to update the entry
        contents, if necessary, returning its return value here.

        Args:
            data: Data to set to the contents (bytes)

        Returns:
            True if the new data size is OK, False if expansion is needed

        Raises:
            ValueError if the new data size is not the same as the old and
                state.AllowEntryExpansion() is False
        """
        return True

    def WriteSymbols(self, section):
        """Write symbol values into binary files for access at run time

        Args:
          section: Section containing the entry
        """
        pass

    def CheckOffset(self):
        """Check that the entry offsets are correct

        This is used for entries which have extra offset requirements (other
        than having to be fully inside their section). Sub-classes can implement
        this function and raise if there is a problem.
        """
        pass

    @staticmethod
    def GetStr(value):
        if value is None:
            return '<none>  '
        return '%08x' % value

    @staticmethod
    def WriteMapLine(fd, indent, name, offset, size, image_pos):
        print('%s  %s%s  %s  %s' % (Entry.GetStr(image_pos), ' ' * indent,
                                    Entry.GetStr(offset), Entry.GetStr(size),
                                    name), file=fd)

    def WriteMap(self, fd, indent):
        """Write a map of the entry to a .map file

        Args:
            fd: File to write the map to
            indent: Curent indent level of map (0=none, 1=one level, etc.)
        """
        self.WriteMapLine(fd, indent, self.name, self.offset, self.size,
                          self.image_pos)

    def GetEntries(self):
        """Return a list of entries contained by this entry

        Returns:
            List of entries, or None if none. A normal entry has no entries
                within it so will return None
        """
        return None

    def GetArg(self, name, datatype=str):
        """Get the value of an entry argument or device-tree-node property

        Some node properties can be provided as arguments to binman. First check
        the entry arguments, and fall back to the device tree if not found

        Args:
            name: Argument name
            datatype: Data type (str or int)

        Returns:
            Value of argument as a string or int, or None if no value

        Raises:
            ValueError if the argument cannot be converted to in
        """
        value = state.GetEntryArg(name)
        if value is not None:
            if datatype == int:
                try:
                    value = int(value)
                except ValueError:
                    self.Raise("Cannot convert entry arg '%s' (value '%s') to integer" %
                               (name, value))
            elif datatype == str:
                pass
            else:
                raise ValueError("GetArg() internal error: Unknown data type '%s'" %
                                 datatype)
        else:
            value = fdt_util.GetDatatype(self._node, name, datatype)
        return value

    @staticmethod
    def WriteDocs(modules, test_missing=None):
        """Write out documentation about the various entry types to stdout

        Args:
            modules: List of modules to include
            test_missing: Used for testing. This is a module to report
                as missing
        """
        print('''Binman Entry Documentation
===========================

This file describes the entry types supported by binman. These entry types can
be placed in an image one by one to build up a final firmware image. It is
fairly easy to create new entry types. Just add a new file to the 'etype'
directory. You can use the existing entries as examples.

Note that some entries are subclasses of others, using and extending their
features to produce new behaviours.


''')
        modules = sorted(modules)

        # Don't show the test entry
        if '_testing' in modules:
            modules.remove('_testing')
        missing = []
        for name in modules:
            module = Entry.Lookup('WriteDocs', name)
            docs = getattr(module, '__doc__')
            if test_missing == name:
                docs = None
            if docs:
                lines = docs.splitlines()
                first_line = lines[0]
                rest = [line[4:] for line in lines[1:]]
                hdr = 'Entry: %s: %s' % (name.replace('_', '-'), first_line)
                print(hdr)
                print('-' * len(hdr))
                print('\n'.join(rest))
                print()
                print()
            else:
                missing.append(name)

        if missing:
            raise ValueError('Documentation is missing for modules: %s' %
                             ', '.join(missing))

    def GetUniqueName(self):
        """Get a unique name for a node

        Returns:
            String containing a unique name for a node, consisting of the name
            of all ancestors (starting from within the 'binman' node) separated
            by a dot ('.'). This can be useful for generating unique filesnames
            in the output directory.
        """
        name = self.name
        node = self._node
        while node.parent:
            node = node.parent
            if node.name == 'binman':
                break
            name = '%s.%s' % (node.name, name)
        return name

    def ExpandToLimit(self, limit):
        """Expand an entry so that it ends at the given offset limit"""
        if self.offset + self.size < limit:
            self.size = limit - self.offset
            # Request the contents again, since changing the size requires that
            # the data grows. This should not fail, but check it to be sure.
            if not self.ObtainContents():
                self.Raise('Cannot obtain contents when expanding entry')

    def HasSibling(self, name):
        """Check if there is a sibling of a given name

        Returns:
            True if there is an entry with this name in the the same section,
                else False
        """
        return name in self.section.GetEntries()

    def GetSiblingImagePos(self, name):
        """Return the image position of the given sibling

        Returns:
            Image position of sibling, or None if the sibling has no position,
                or False if there is no such sibling
        """
        if not self.HasSibling(name):
            return False
        return self.section.GetEntries()[name].image_pos

    @staticmethod
    def AddEntryInfo(entries, indent, name, etype, size, image_pos,
                     uncomp_size, offset, entry):
        """Add a new entry to the entries list

        Args:
            entries: List (of EntryInfo objects) to add to
            indent: Current indent level to add to list
            name: Entry name (string)
            etype: Entry type (string)
            size: Entry size in bytes (int)
            image_pos: Position within image in bytes (int)
            uncomp_size: Uncompressed size if the entry uses compression, else
                None
            offset: Entry offset within parent in bytes (int)
            entry: Entry object
        """
        entries.append(EntryInfo(indent, name, etype, size, image_pos,
                                 uncomp_size, offset, entry))

    def ListEntries(self, entries, indent):
        """Add files in this entry to the list of entries

        This can be overridden by subclasses which need different behaviour.

        Args:
            entries: List (of EntryInfo objects) to add to
            indent: Current indent level to add to list
        """
        self.AddEntryInfo(entries, indent, self.name, self.etype, self.size,
                          self.image_pos, self.uncomp_size, self.offset, self)

    def ReadData(self, decomp=True):
        """Read the data for an entry from the image

        This is used when the image has been read in and we want to extract the
        data for a particular entry from that image.

        Args:
            decomp: True to decompress any compressed data before returning it;
                False to return the raw, uncompressed data

        Returns:
            Entry data (bytes)
        """
        # Use True here so that we get an uncompressed section to work from,
        # although compressed sections are currently not supported
        tout.Debug("ReadChildData section '%s', entry '%s'" %
                   (self.section.GetPath(), self.GetPath()))
        data = self.section.ReadChildData(self, decomp)
        return data

    def ReadChildData(self, child, decomp=True):
        """Read the data for a particular child entry

        This reads data from the parent and extracts the piece that relates to
        the given child.

        Args:
            child: Child entry to read data for (must be valid)
            decomp: True to decompress any compressed data before returning it;
                False to return the raw, uncompressed data

        Returns:
            Data for the child (bytes)
        """
        pass

    def LoadData(self, decomp=True):
        data = self.ReadData(decomp)
        self.contents_size = len(data)
        self.ProcessContentsUpdate(data)
        self.Detail('Loaded data size %x' % len(data))

    def GetImage(self):
        """Get the image containing this entry

        Returns:
            Image object containing this entry
        """
        return self.section.GetImage()

    def WriteData(self, data, decomp=True):
        """Write the data to an entry in the image

        This is used when the image has been read in and we want to replace the
        data for a particular entry in that image.

        The image must be re-packed and written out afterwards.

        Args:
            data: Data to replace it with
            decomp: True to compress the data if needed, False if data is
                already compressed so should be used as is

        Returns:
            True if the data did not result in a resize of this entry, False if
                 the entry must be resized
        """
        if self.size is not None:
            self.contents_size = self.size
        else:
            self.contents_size = self.pre_reset_size
        ok = self.ProcessContentsUpdate(data)
        self.Detail('WriteData: size=%x, ok=%s' % (len(data), ok))
        section_ok = self.section.WriteChildData(self)
        return ok and section_ok

    def WriteChildData(self, child):
        """Handle writing the data in a child entry

        This should be called on the child's parent section after the child's
        data has been updated. It

        This base-class implementation does nothing, since the base Entry object
        does not have any children.

        Args:
            child: Child Entry that was written

        Returns:
            True if the section could be updated successfully, False if the
                data is such that the section could not updat
        """
        return True

    def GetSiblingOrder(self):
        """Get the relative order of an entry amoung its siblings

        Returns:
            'start' if this entry is first among siblings, 'end' if last,
                otherwise None
        """
        entries = list(self.section.GetEntries().values())
        if entries:
            if self == entries[0]:
                return 'start'
            elif self == entries[-1]:
                return 'end'
        return 'middle'

    def SetAllowMissing(self, allow_missing):
        """Set whether a section allows missing external blobs

        Args:
            allow_missing: True if allowed, False if not allowed
        """
        # This is meaningless for anything other than sections
        pass

    def CheckMissing(self, missing_list):
        """Check if any entries in this section have missing external blobs

        If there are missing blobs, the entries are added to the list

        Args:
            missing_list: List of Entry objects to be added to
        """
        if self.missing:
            missing_list.append(self)

    def GetAllowMissing(self):
        """Get whether a section allows missing external blobs

        Returns:
            True if allowed, False if not allowed
        """
        return self.allow_missing

    def GetHelpTags(self):
        """Get the tags use for missing-blob help

        Returns:
            list of possible tags, most desirable first
        """
        return list(filter(None, [self.missing_msg, self.name, self.etype]))

    def CompressData(self, indata):
        """Compress data according to the entry's compression method

        Args:
            indata: Data to compress

        Returns:
            Compressed data (first word is the compressed size)
        """
        self.uncomp_data = indata
        if self.compress != 'none':
            self.uncomp_size = len(indata)
        data = tools.Compress(indata, self.compress)
        return data