doc/develop/tests_writing.rst - filogic/uboot - Gitiles

 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
 .. Copyright 2021 Google LLC
 .. sectionauthor:: Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org>

 Writing Tests
 =============

 This describes how to write tests in U-Boot and describes the possible options.

 Test types
 ----------

 There are two basic types of test in U-Boot:

   - Python tests, in test/py/tests
   - C tests, in test/ and its subdirectories

 (there are also UEFI tests in lib/efi_selftest/ not considered here.)

 Python tests talk to U-Boot via the command line. They support both sandbox and
 real hardware. They typically do not require building test code into U-Boot
 itself. They are fairly slow to run, due to the command-line interface and there
 being two separate processes. Python tests are fairly easy to write. They can
 be a little tricky to debug sometimes due to the voluminous output of pytest.

 C tests are written directly in U-Boot. While they can be used on boards, they
 are more commonly used with sandbox, as they obviously add to U-Boot code size.
 C tests are easy to write so long as the required facilities exist. Where they
 do not it can involve refactoring or adding new features to sandbox. They are
 fast to run and easy to debug.

 Regardless of which test type is used, all tests are collected and run by the
 pytest framework, so there is typically no need to run them separately. This
 means that C tests can be used when it makes sense, and Python tests when it
 doesn't.


 This table shows how to decide whether to write a C or Python test:

 =====================  ===========================  =============================
 Attribute              C test                       Python test
 =====================  ===========================  =============================
 Fast to run?           Yes                          No (two separate processes)
 Easy to write?         Yes, if required test        Yes
                        features exist in sandbox
                        or the target system
 Needs code in U-Boot?  Yes                          No, provided the test can be
                                                     executed and the result
                                                     determined using the command
                                                     line
 Easy to debug?         Yes                          No, since access to the U-Boot
                                                     state is not available and the
                                                     amount of output can
                                                     sometimes require a bit of
                                                     digging
 Can use gdb?           Yes, directly                Yes, with --gdbserver
 Can run on boards?     Some can, but only if        Some
                        compiled in and not
                        dependent on sandboxau
 =====================  ===========================  =============================


 Python or C
 -----------

 Typically in U-Boot we encourage C test using sandbox for all features. This
 allows fast testing, easy development and allows contributors to make changes
 without needing dozens of boards to test with.

 When a test requires setup or interaction with the running host (such as to
 generate images and then running U-Boot to check that they can be loaded), or
 cannot be run on sandbox, Python tests should be used. These should typically
 NOT rely on running with sandbox, but instead should function correctly on any
 board supported by U-Boot.


 Mixing Python and C
 -------------------

 The best of both worlds is sometimes to have a Python test set things up and
 perform some operations, with a 'checker' C unit test doing the checks
 afterwards. This can be achieved with these steps:

 - Add the `UTF_MANUAL` flag to the checker test so that the `ut` command
   does not run it by default
 - Add a `_norun` suffix to the name so that pytest knows to skip it too

 In your Python test use the `-f` flag to the `ut` command to force the checker
 test to run it, e.g.::

    # Do the Python part
    host load ...
    bootm ...

    # Run the checker to make sure that everything worked
    ut -f bootstd vbe_test_fixup_norun

 Note that apart from the `UTF_MANUAL` flag, the code in a 'manual' C test
 is just like any other C test. It still uses ut_assert...() and other such
 constructs, in this case to check that the expected things happened in the
 Python test.


 How slow are Python tests?
 --------------------------

 Under the hood, when running on sandbox, Python tests work by starting a sandbox
 test and connecting to it via a pipe. Each interaction with the U-Boot process
 requires at least a context switch to handle the pipe interaction. The test
 sends a command to U-Boot, which then reacts and shows some output, then the
 test sees that and continues. Of course on real hardware, communications delays
 (e.g. with a serial console) make this slower.

 For comparison, consider a test that checks the 'md' (memory dump). All times
 below are approximate, as measured on an AMD 2950X system. Here is is the test
 in Python::

    @pytest.mark.buildconfigspec('cmd_memory')
    def test_md(u_boot_console):
        """Test that md reads memory as expected, and that memory can be modified
        using the mw command."""

        ram_base = u_boot_utils.find_ram_base(u_boot_console)
        addr = '%08x' % ram_base
        val = 'a5f09876'
        expected_response = addr + ': ' + val
        u_boot_console.run_command('mw ' + addr + ' 0 10')
        response = u_boot_console.run_command('md ' + addr + ' 10')
        assert(not (expected_response in response))
        u_boot_console.run_command('mw ' + addr + ' ' + val)
        response = u_boot_console.run_command('md ' + addr + ' 10')
        assert(expected_response in response)

 This runs a few commands and checks the output. Note that it runs a command,
 waits for the response and then checks it agains what is expected. If run by
 itself it takes around 800ms, including test collection. For 1000 runs it takes
 19 seconds, or 19ms per run. Of course 1000 runs it not that useful since we
 only want to run it once.

 There is no exactly equivalent C test, but here is a similar one that tests 'ms'
 (memory search)::

    /* Test 'ms' command with bytes */
    static int mem_test_ms_b(struct unit_test_state *uts)
    {
       u8 *buf;

       buf = map_sysmem(0, BUF_SIZE + 1);
       memset(buf, '\0', BUF_SIZE);
       buf[0x0] = 0x12;
       buf[0x31] = 0x12;
       buf[0xff] = 0x12;
       buf[0x100] = 0x12;
       run_command("ms.b 1 ff 12", 0);
       ut_assert_nextline("00000030: 00 12 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................");
       ut_assert_nextline("--");
       ut_assert_nextline("000000f0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 12    ................");
       ut_assert_nextline("2 matches");
       ut_assert_console_end();

       ut_asserteq(2, env_get_hex("memmatches", 0));
       ut_asserteq(0xff, env_get_hex("memaddr", 0));
       ut_asserteq(0xfe, env_get_hex("mempos", 0));

       unmap_sysmem(buf);

       return 0;
    }
    MEM_TEST(mem_test_ms_b, UTF_CONSOLE);

 This runs the command directly in U-Boot, then checks the console output, also
 directly in U-Boot. If run by itself this takes 100ms. For 1000 runs it takes
 660ms, or 0.66ms per run.

 So overall running a C test is perhaps 8 times faster individually and the
 interactions are perhaps 25 times faster.

 It should also be noted that the C test is fairly easy to debug. You can set a
 breakpoint on do_mem_search(), which is what implements the 'ms' command,
 single step to see what might be wrong, etc. That is also possible with the
 pytest, but requires two terminals and --gdbserver.


 Why does speed matter?
 ----------------------

 Many development activities rely on running tests:

   - 'git bisect run make qcheck' can be used to find a failing commit
   - test-driven development relies on quick iteration of build/test
   - U-Boot's continuous integration (CI) systems make use of tests. Running
       all sandbox tests typically takes 90 seconds and running each qemu test
       takes about 30 seconds. This is currently dwarfed by the time taken to
       build all boards

 As U-Boot continues to grow its feature set, fast and reliable tests are a
 critical factor factor in developer productivity and happiness.


 Writing C tests
 ---------------

 C tests are arranged into suites which are typically executed by the 'ut'
 command. Each suite is in its own file. This section describes how to accomplish
 some common test tasks.

 (there are also UEFI C tests in lib/efi_selftest/ not considered here.)

 Add a new driver model test
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 Use this when adding a test for a new or existing uclass, adding new operations
 or features to a uclass, adding new ofnode or dev_read_() functions, or anything
 else related to driver model.

 Find a suitable place for your test, perhaps near other test functions in
 existing code, or in a new file. Each uclass should have its own test file.

 Declare the test with::

    /* Test that ... */
    static int dm_test_uclassname_what(struct unit_test_state *uts)
    {
       /* test code here */

       return 0;
    }
    DM_TEST(dm_test_uclassname_what, UTF_SCAN_FDT);

 Note that the convention is to NOT add a blank line before the macro, so that
 the function it relates to is more obvious.

 Replace 'uclassname' with the name of your uclass, if applicable. Replace 'what'
 with what you are testing.

 The flags for DM_TEST() are defined in test/test.h and you typically want
 UTF_SCAN_FDT so that the devicetree is scanned and all devices are bound
 and ready for use. The DM_TEST macro adds UTF_DM automatically so that
 the test runner knows it is a driver model test.

 Driver model tests are special in that the entire driver model state is
 recreated anew for each test. This ensures that if a previous test deletes a
 device, for example, it does not affect subsequent tests. Driver model tests
 also run both with livetree and flattree, to ensure that both devicetree
 implementations work as expected.

 Example commit: c48cb7ebfb4 ("sandbox: add ADC unit tests") [1]

 [1] https://gitlab.denx.de/u-boot/u-boot/-/commit/c48cb7ebfb4


 Add a C test to an existing suite
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 Use this when you are adding to or modifying an existing feature outside driver
 model. An example is bloblist.

 Add a new function in the same file as the rest of the suite and register it
 with the suite. For example, to add a new mem_search test::

    /* Test 'ms' command with 32-bit values */
    static int mem_test_ms_new_thing(struct unit_test_state *uts)
    {
          /* test code here*/

          return 0;
    }
    MEM_TEST(mem_test_ms_new_thing, UTF_CONSOLE);

 Note that the MEM_TEST() macros is defined at the top of the file.

 Example commit: 9fe064646d2 ("bloblist: Support relocating to a larger space") [1]

 [1] https://gitlab.denx.de/u-boot/u-boot/-/commit/9fe064646d2


 Add a new test suite
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 Each suite should focus on one feature or subsystem, so if you are writing a
 new one of those, you should add a new suite.

 Create a new file in test/ or a subdirectory and define a macro to register the
 suite. For example::

    #include <console.h>
    #include <mapmem.h>
    #include <dm/test.h>
    #include <test/ut.h>

    /* Declare a new wibble test */
    #define WIBBLE_TEST(_name, _flags)   UNIT_TEST(_name, _flags, wibble_test)

    /* Tetss go here */

    /* At the bottom of the file: */

    int do_ut_wibble(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *const argv[])
    {
      struct unit_test *tests = UNIT_TEST_SUITE_START(wibble_test);
      const int n_ents = UNIT_TEST_SUITE_COUNT(wibble_test);

      return cmd_ut_category("cmd_wibble", "wibble_test_", tests, n_ents, argc, argv);
    }

 Then add new tests to it as above.

 Register this new suite in test/cmd_ut.c by adding to cmd_ut_sub[]::

   /* Within cmd_ut_sub[]... */

   U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(wibble, CONFIG_SYS_MAXARGS, 1, do_ut_wibble, "", ""),

 and adding new help to ut_help_text[]::

   "ut wibble - Test the wibble feature\n"

 If your feature is conditional on a particular Kconfig, then you can use #ifdef
 to control that.

 Finally, add the test to the build by adding to the Makefile in the same
 directory::

   obj-$(CONFIG_$(SPL_)CMDLINE) += wibble.o

 Note that CMDLINE is never enabled in SPL, so this test will only be present in
 U-Boot proper. See below for how to do SPL tests.

 As before, you can add an extra Kconfig check if needed::

   ifneq ($(CONFIG_$(SPL_)WIBBLE),)
   obj-$(CONFIG_$(SPL_)CMDLINE) += wibble.o
   endif


 Example commit: 919e7a8fb64 ("test: Add a simple test for bloblist") [1]

 [1] https://gitlab.denx.de/u-boot/u-boot/-/commit/919e7a8fb64


 Making the test run from pytest
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 All C tests must run from pytest. Typically this is automatic, since pytest
 scans the U-Boot executable for available tests to run. So long as you have a
 'ut' subcommand for your test suite, it will run. The same applies for driver
 model tests since they use the 'ut dm' subcommand.

 See test/py/tests/test_ut.py for how unit tests are run.


 Add a C test for SPL
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 Note: C tests are only available for sandbox_spl at present. There is currently
 no mechanism in other boards to existing SPL tests even if they are built into
 the image.

 SPL tests cannot be run from the 'ut' command since there are no commands
 available in SPL. Instead, sandbox (only) calls ut_run_list() on start-up, when
 the -u flag is given. This runs the available unit tests, no matter what suite
 they are in.

 To create a new SPL test, follow the same rules as above, either adding to an
 existing suite or creating a new one.

 An example SPL test is spl_test_load().


 Writing Python tests
 --------------------

 See :doc:`py_testing` for brief notes how to write Python tests. You
 should be able to use the existing tests in test/py/tests as examples.
	.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
	.. Copyright 2021 Google LLC
	.. sectionauthor:: Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org>

	Writing Tests
	=============

	This describes how to write tests in U-Boot and describes the possible options.

	Test types
	----------

	There are two basic types of test in U-Boot:

	- Python tests, in test/py/tests
	- C tests, in test/ and its subdirectories

	(there are also UEFI tests in lib/efi_selftest/ not considered here.)

	Python tests talk to U-Boot via the command line. They support both sandbox and
	real hardware. They typically do not require building test code into U-Boot
	itself. They are fairly slow to run, due to the command-line interface and there
	being two separate processes. Python tests are fairly easy to write. They can
	be a little tricky to debug sometimes due to the voluminous output of pytest.

	C tests are written directly in U-Boot. While they can be used on boards, they
	are more commonly used with sandbox, as they obviously add to U-Boot code size.
	C tests are easy to write so long as the required facilities exist. Where they
	do not it can involve refactoring or adding new features to sandbox. They are
	fast to run and easy to debug.

	Regardless of which test type is used, all tests are collected and run by the
	pytest framework, so there is typically no need to run them separately. This
	means that C tests can be used when it makes sense, and Python tests when it
	doesn't.


	This table shows how to decide whether to write a C or Python test:

	===================== =========================== =============================
	Attribute C test Python test
	===================== =========================== =============================
	Fast to run? Yes No (two separate processes)
	Easy to write? Yes, if required test Yes
	features exist in sandbox
	or the target system
	Needs code in U-Boot? Yes No, provided the test can be
	executed and the result
	determined using the command
	line
	Easy to debug? Yes No, since access to the U-Boot
	state is not available and the
	amount of output can
	sometimes require a bit of
	digging
	Can use gdb? Yes, directly Yes, with --gdbserver
	Can run on boards? Some can, but only if Some
	compiled in and not
	dependent on sandboxau
	===================== =========================== =============================


	Python or C
	-----------

	Typically in U-Boot we encourage C test using sandbox for all features. This
	allows fast testing, easy development and allows contributors to make changes
	without needing dozens of boards to test with.

	When a test requires setup or interaction with the running host (such as to
	generate images and then running U-Boot to check that they can be loaded), or
	cannot be run on sandbox, Python tests should be used. These should typically
	NOT rely on running with sandbox, but instead should function correctly on any
	board supported by U-Boot.


	Mixing Python and C
	-------------------

	The best of both worlds is sometimes to have a Python test set things up and
	perform some operations, with a 'checker' C unit test doing the checks
	afterwards. This can be achieved with these steps:

	- Add the `UTF_MANUAL` flag to the checker test so that the `ut` command
	does not run it by default
	- Add a `_norun` suffix to the name so that pytest knows to skip it too

	In your Python test use the `-f` flag to the `ut` command to force the checker
	test to run it, e.g.::

	# Do the Python part
	host load ...
	bootm ...

	# Run the checker to make sure that everything worked
	ut -f bootstd vbe_test_fixup_norun

	Note that apart from the `UTF_MANUAL` flag, the code in a 'manual' C test
	is just like any other C test. It still uses ut_assert...() and other such
	constructs, in this case to check that the expected things happened in the
	Python test.


	How slow are Python tests?
	--------------------------

	Under the hood, when running on sandbox, Python tests work by starting a sandbox
	test and connecting to it via a pipe. Each interaction with the U-Boot process
	requires at least a context switch to handle the pipe interaction. The test
	sends a command to U-Boot, which then reacts and shows some output, then the
	test sees that and continues. Of course on real hardware, communications delays
	(e.g. with a serial console) make this slower.

	For comparison, consider a test that checks the 'md' (memory dump). All times
	below are approximate, as measured on an AMD 2950X system. Here is is the test
	in Python::

	@pytest.mark.buildconfigspec('cmd_memory')
	def test_md(u_boot_console):
	"""Test that md reads memory as expected, and that memory can be modified
	using the mw command."""

	ram_base = u_boot_utils.find_ram_base(u_boot_console)
	addr = '%08x' % ram_base
	val = 'a5f09876'
	expected_response = addr + ': ' + val
	u_boot_console.run_command('mw ' + addr + ' 0 10')
	response = u_boot_console.run_command('md ' + addr + ' 10')
	assert(not (expected_response in response))
	u_boot_console.run_command('mw ' + addr + ' ' + val)
	response = u_boot_console.run_command('md ' + addr + ' 10')
	assert(expected_response in response)

	This runs a few commands and checks the output. Note that it runs a command,
	waits for the response and then checks it agains what is expected. If run by
	itself it takes around 800ms, including test collection. For 1000 runs it takes
	19 seconds, or 19ms per run. Of course 1000 runs it not that useful since we
	only want to run it once.

	There is no exactly equivalent C test, but here is a similar one that tests 'ms'
	(memory search)::

	/* Test 'ms' command with bytes */
	static int mem_test_ms_b(struct unit_test_state *uts)
	{
	u8 *buf;

	buf = map_sysmem(0, BUF_SIZE + 1);
	memset(buf, '\0', BUF_SIZE);
	buf[0x0] = 0x12;
	buf[0x31] = 0x12;
	buf[0xff] = 0x12;
	buf[0x100] = 0x12;
	run_command("ms.b 1 ff 12", 0);
	ut_assert_nextline("00000030: 00 12 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................");
	ut_assert_nextline("--");
	ut_assert_nextline("000000f0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 12 ................");
	ut_assert_nextline("2 matches");
	ut_assert_console_end();

	ut_asserteq(2, env_get_hex("memmatches", 0));
	ut_asserteq(0xff, env_get_hex("memaddr", 0));
	ut_asserteq(0xfe, env_get_hex("mempos", 0));

	unmap_sysmem(buf);

	return 0;
	}
	MEM_TEST(mem_test_ms_b, UTF_CONSOLE);

	This runs the command directly in U-Boot, then checks the console output, also
	directly in U-Boot. If run by itself this takes 100ms. For 1000 runs it takes
	660ms, or 0.66ms per run.

	So overall running a C test is perhaps 8 times faster individually and the
	interactions are perhaps 25 times faster.

	It should also be noted that the C test is fairly easy to debug. You can set a
	breakpoint on do_mem_search(), which is what implements the 'ms' command,
	single step to see what might be wrong, etc. That is also possible with the
	pytest, but requires two terminals and --gdbserver.


	Why does speed matter?
	----------------------

	Many development activities rely on running tests:

	- 'git bisect run make qcheck' can be used to find a failing commit
	- test-driven development relies on quick iteration of build/test
	- U-Boot's continuous integration (CI) systems make use of tests. Running
	all sandbox tests typically takes 90 seconds and running each qemu test
	takes about 30 seconds. This is currently dwarfed by the time taken to
	build all boards

	As U-Boot continues to grow its feature set, fast and reliable tests are a
	critical factor factor in developer productivity and happiness.


	Writing C tests
	---------------

	C tests are arranged into suites which are typically executed by the 'ut'
	command. Each suite is in its own file. This section describes how to accomplish
	some common test tasks.

	(there are also UEFI C tests in lib/efi_selftest/ not considered here.)

	Add a new driver model test
	~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

	Use this when adding a test for a new or existing uclass, adding new operations
	or features to a uclass, adding new ofnode or dev_read_() functions, or anything
	else related to driver model.

	Find a suitable place for your test, perhaps near other test functions in
	existing code, or in a new file. Each uclass should have its own test file.

	Declare the test with::

	/* Test that ... */
	static int dm_test_uclassname_what(struct unit_test_state *uts)
	{
	/* test code here */

	return 0;
	}
	DM_TEST(dm_test_uclassname_what, UTF_SCAN_FDT);

	Note that the convention is to NOT add a blank line before the macro, so that
	the function it relates to is more obvious.

	Replace 'uclassname' with the name of your uclass, if applicable. Replace 'what'
	with what you are testing.

	The flags for DM_TEST() are defined in test/test.h and you typically want
	UTF_SCAN_FDT so that the devicetree is scanned and all devices are bound
	and ready for use. The DM_TEST macro adds UTF_DM automatically so that
	the test runner knows it is a driver model test.

	Driver model tests are special in that the entire driver model state is
	recreated anew for each test. This ensures that if a previous test deletes a
	device, for example, it does not affect subsequent tests. Driver model tests
	also run both with livetree and flattree, to ensure that both devicetree
	implementations work as expected.

	Example commit: c48cb7ebfb4 ("sandbox: add ADC unit tests") [1]

	[1] https://gitlab.denx.de/u-boot/u-boot/-/commit/c48cb7ebfb4


	Add a C test to an existing suite
	~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

	Use this when you are adding to or modifying an existing feature outside driver
	model. An example is bloblist.

	Add a new function in the same file as the rest of the suite and register it
	with the suite. For example, to add a new mem_search test::

	/* Test 'ms' command with 32-bit values */
	static int mem_test_ms_new_thing(struct unit_test_state *uts)
	{
	/* test code here*/

	return 0;
	}
	MEM_TEST(mem_test_ms_new_thing, UTF_CONSOLE);

	Note that the MEM_TEST() macros is defined at the top of the file.

	Example commit: 9fe064646d2 ("bloblist: Support relocating to a larger space") [1]

	[1] https://gitlab.denx.de/u-boot/u-boot/-/commit/9fe064646d2


	Add a new test suite
	~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

	Each suite should focus on one feature or subsystem, so if you are writing a
	new one of those, you should add a new suite.

	Create a new file in test/ or a subdirectory and define a macro to register the
	suite. For example::

	#include <console.h>
	#include <mapmem.h>
	#include <dm/test.h>
	#include <test/ut.h>

	/* Declare a new wibble test */
	#define WIBBLE_TEST(_name, _flags) UNIT_TEST(_name, _flags, wibble_test)

	/* Tetss go here */

	/* At the bottom of the file: */

	int do_ut_wibble(struct cmd_tbl cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char const argv[])
	{
	struct unit_test *tests = UNIT_TEST_SUITE_START(wibble_test);
	const int n_ents = UNIT_TEST_SUITE_COUNT(wibble_test);

	return cmd_ut_category("cmd_wibble", "wibble_test_", tests, n_ents, argc, argv);
	}

	Then add new tests to it as above.

	Register this new suite in test/cmd_ut.c by adding to cmd_ut_sub[]::

	/* Within cmd_ut_sub[]... */

	U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(wibble, CONFIG_SYS_MAXARGS, 1, do_ut_wibble, "", ""),

	and adding new help to ut_help_text[]::

	"ut wibble - Test the wibble feature\n"

	If your feature is conditional on a particular Kconfig, then you can use #ifdef
	to control that.

	Finally, add the test to the build by adding to the Makefile in the same
	directory::

	obj-$(CONFIG_$(SPL_)CMDLINE) += wibble.o

	Note that CMDLINE is never enabled in SPL, so this test will only be present in
	U-Boot proper. See below for how to do SPL tests.

	As before, you can add an extra Kconfig check if needed::

	ifneq ($(CONFIG_$(SPL_)WIBBLE),)
	obj-$(CONFIG_$(SPL_)CMDLINE) += wibble.o
	endif


	Example commit: 919e7a8fb64 ("test: Add a simple test for bloblist") [1]

	[1] https://gitlab.denx.de/u-boot/u-boot/-/commit/919e7a8fb64


	Making the test run from pytest
	~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

	All C tests must run from pytest. Typically this is automatic, since pytest
	scans the U-Boot executable for available tests to run. So long as you have a
	'ut' subcommand for your test suite, it will run. The same applies for driver
	model tests since they use the 'ut dm' subcommand.

	See test/py/tests/test_ut.py for how unit tests are run.


	Add a C test for SPL
	~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

	Note: C tests are only available for sandbox_spl at present. There is currently
	no mechanism in other boards to existing SPL tests even if they are built into
	the image.

	SPL tests cannot be run from the 'ut' command since there are no commands
	available in SPL. Instead, sandbox (only) calls ut_run_list() on start-up, when
	the -u flag is given. This runs the available unit tests, no matter what suite
	they are in.

	To create a new SPL test, follow the same rules as above, either adding to an
	existing suite or creating a new one.

	An example SPL test is spl_test_load().


	Writing Python tests
	--------------------

	See :doc:`py_testing` for brief notes how to write Python tests. You
	should be able to use the existing tests in test/py/tests as examples.