| Driver Model Compiled-in Device Tree / Platform Data |
| ==================================================== |
| |
| |
| Introduction |
| ------------ |
| |
| Device tree is the standard configuration method in U-Boot. It is used to |
| define what devices are in the system and provide configuration information |
| to these devices. |
| |
| The overhead of adding device tree access to U-Boot is fairly modest, |
| approximately 3KB on Thumb 2 (plus the size of the DT itself). This means |
| that in most cases it is best to use device tree for configuration. |
| |
| However there are some very constrained environments where U-Boot needs to |
| work. These include SPL with severe memory limitations. For example, some |
| SoCs require a 16KB SPL image which must include a full MMC stack. In this |
| case the overhead of device tree access may be too great. |
| |
| It is possible to create platform data manually by defining C structures |
| for it, and referencing that data in a U_BOOT_DEVICE() declaration. This |
| bypasses the use of device tree completely, but is an available option for |
| SPL. |
| |
| As an alternative, a new 'of-platdata' feature is provided. This converts |
| device tree contents into C code which can be compiled into the SPL binary. |
| This saves the 3KB of code overhead and perhaps a few hundred more bytes due |
| to more efficient storage of the data. |
| |
| |
| Caveats |
| ------- |
| |
| There are many problems with this features. It should only be used when |
| stricly necessary. Notable problems include: |
| |
| - Device tree does not describe data types but the C code must define a |
| type for each property. Thesee are guessed using heuristics which |
| are wrong in several fairly common cases. For example an 8-byte value |
| is considered to be a 2-item integer array, and is byte-swapped. A |
| boolean value that is not present means 'false', but cannot be |
| included in the structures since there is generally no mention of it |
| in the device tree file. |
| |
| - Naming of nodes and properties is automatic. This means that they follow |
| the naming in the device tree, which may result in C identifiers that |
| look a bit strange |
| |
| - It is not possible to find a value given a property name. Code must use |
| the associated C member variable directly in the code. This makes |
| the code less robust in the face of device-tree changes. It also |
| makes it very unlikely that your driver code will be useful for more |
| than one SoC. Even if the code is common, each SoC will end up with |
| a different C struct and format for the platform data. |
| |
| - The platform data is provided to drivers as a C structure. The driver |
| must use the same structure to access the data. Since a driver |
| normally also supports device tree it must use #ifdef to separate |
| out this code, since the structures are only available in SPL. |
| |
| |
| How it works |
| ------------ |
| |
| The feature is enabled by CONFIG SPL_OF_PLATDATA. This is only available |
| in SPL and should be tested with: |
| |
| #if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(SPL_OF_PLATDATA) |
| |
| A new tool called 'dtoc' converts a device tree file either into a set of |
| struct declarations, one for each compatible node, or a set of |
| U_BOOT_DEVICE() declarations along with the actual platform data for each |
| device. As an example, consider this MMC node: |
| |
| sdmmc: dwmmc@ff0c0000 { |
| compatible = "rockchip,rk3288-dw-mshc"; |
| clock-freq-min-max = <400000 150000000>; |
| clocks = <&cru HCLK_SDMMC>, <&cru SCLK_SDMMC>, |
| <&cru SCLK_SDMMC_DRV>, <&cru SCLK_SDMMC_SAMPLE>; |
| clock-names = "biu", "ciu", "ciu_drv", "ciu_sample"; |
| fifo-depth = <0x100>; |
| interrupts = <GIC_SPI 32 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>; |
| reg = <0xff0c0000 0x4000>; |
| bus-width = <4>; |
| cap-mmc-highspeed; |
| cap-sd-highspeed; |
| card-detect-delay = <200>; |
| disable-wp; |
| num-slots = <1>; |
| pinctrl-names = "default"; |
| pinctrl-0 = <&sdmmc_clk>, <&sdmmc_cmd>, <&sdmmc_cd>, <&sdmmc_bus4>; |
| vmmc-supply = <&vcc_sd>; |
| status = "okay"; |
| u-boot,dm-pre-reloc; |
| }; |
| |
| |
| Some of these properties are dropped by U-Boot under control of the |
| CONFIG_OF_SPL_REMOVE_PROPS option. The rest are processed. This will produce |
| the following C struct declaration: |
| |
| struct dtd_rockchip_rk3288_dw_mshc { |
| fdt32_t bus_width; |
| bool cap_mmc_highspeed; |
| bool cap_sd_highspeed; |
| fdt32_t card_detect_delay; |
| fdt32_t clock_freq_min_max[2]; |
| struct phandle_2_cell clocks[4]; |
| bool disable_wp; |
| fdt32_t fifo_depth; |
| fdt32_t interrupts[3]; |
| fdt32_t num_slots; |
| fdt32_t reg[2]; |
| bool u_boot_dm_pre_reloc; |
| fdt32_t vmmc_supply; |
| }; |
| |
| and the following device declaration: |
| |
| static struct dtd_rockchip_rk3288_dw_mshc dtv_dwmmc_at_ff0c0000 = { |
| .fifo_depth = 0x100, |
| .cap_sd_highspeed = true, |
| .interrupts = {0x0, 0x20, 0x4}, |
| .clock_freq_min_max = {0x61a80, 0x8f0d180}, |
| .vmmc_supply = 0xb, |
| .num_slots = 0x1, |
| .clocks = {{&dtv_clock_controller_at_ff760000, 456}, {&dtv_clock_controller_at_ff760000, 68}, {&dtv_clock_controller_at_ff760000, 114}, {&dtv_clock_controller_at_ff760000, 118}}, |
| .cap_mmc_highspeed = true, |
| .disable_wp = true, |
| .bus_width = 0x4, |
| .u_boot_dm_pre_reloc = true, |
| .reg = {0xff0c0000, 0x4000}, |
| .card_detect_delay = 0xc8, |
| }; |
| U_BOOT_DEVICE(dwmmc_at_ff0c0000) = { |
| .name = "rockchip_rk3288_dw_mshc", |
| .platdata = &dtv_dwmmc_at_ff0c0000, |
| }; |
| |
| The device is then instantiated at run-time and the platform data can be |
| accessed using: |
| |
| struct udevice *dev; |
| struct dtd_rockchip_rk3288_dw_mshc *plat = dev_get_platdata(dev); |
| |
| This avoids the code overhead of converting the device tree data to |
| platform data in the driver. The ofdata_to_platdata() method should |
| therefore do nothing in such a driver. |
| |
| |
| How to structure your driver |
| ---------------------------- |
| |
| Drivers should always support device tree as an option. The of-platdata |
| feature is intended as a add-on to existing drivers. |
| |
| Your driver should directly access the platdata struct in its probe() |
| method. The existing device tree decoding logic should be kept in the |
| ofdata_to_platdata() and wrapped with #ifdef. |
| |
| For example: |
| |
| #include <dt-structs.h> |
| |
| struct mmc_platdata { |
| #if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(SPL_OF_PLATDATA) |
| /* Put this first */ |
| struct dtd_mmc dtplat; |
| #endif |
| /* |
| * Other fields can go here, to be filled in by decoding from |
| * the device tree. They will point to random memory in the |
| * of-plat case. |
| */ |
| int fifo_depth; |
| }; |
| |
| static int mmc_ofdata_to_platdata(struct udevice *dev) |
| { |
| #if !CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(SPL_OF_PLATDATA) |
| struct mmc_platdata *plat = dev_get_platdata(dev); |
| const void *blob = gd->fdt_blob; |
| int node = dev->of_offset; |
| |
| plat->fifo_depth = fdtdec_get_int(blob, node, "fifo-depth", 0); |
| #endif |
| |
| return 0; |
| } |
| |
| static int mmc_probe(struct udevice *dev) |
| { |
| struct mmc_platdata *plat = dev_get_platdata(dev); |
| #if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(SPL_OF_PLATDATA) |
| struct dtd_mmc *dtplat = &plat->dtplat; |
| |
| /* Set up the device from the dtplat data */ |
| writel(dtplat->fifo_depth, ...) |
| #else |
| /* Set up the device from the plat data */ |
| writel(plat->fifo_depth, ...) |
| #endif |
| } |
| |
| static const struct udevice_id mmc_ids[] = { |
| { .compatible = "vendor,mmc" }, |
| { } |
| }; |
| |
| U_BOOT_DRIVER(mmc_drv) = { |
| .name = "mmc", |
| .id = UCLASS_MMC, |
| .of_match = mmc_ids, |
| .ofdata_to_platdata = mmc_ofdata_to_platdata, |
| .probe = mmc_probe, |
| .priv_auto_alloc_size = sizeof(struct mmc_priv), |
| .platdata_auto_alloc_size = sizeof(struct mmc_platdata), |
| }; |
| |
| |
| In the case where SPL_OF_PLATDATA is enabled, platdata_auto_alloc_size is |
| ignored, and the platform data points to the C structure data. In the case |
| where device tree is used, the platform data is allocated, and starts |
| zeroed. In this case the ofdata_to_platdata() method should set up the |
| platform data. |
| |
| SPL must use either of-platdata or device tree. Drivers cannot use both. |
| The device tree becomes in accessible when CONFIG_SPL_OF_PLATDATA is enabled, |
| since the device-tree access code is not compiled in. |
| |
| |
| Internals |
| --------- |
| |
| The dt-structs.h file includes the generated file |
| (include/generated//dt-structs.h) if CONFIG_SPL_OF_PLATDATA is enabled. |
| Otherwise (such as in U-Boot proper) these structs are not available. This |
| prevents them being used inadvertently. |
| |
| The dt-platdata.c file contains the device declarations and is is built in |
| spl/dt-platdata.c. |
| |
| Some phandles (thsoe that are recognised as such) are converted into |
| points to platform data. This pointer can potentially be used to access the |
| referenced device (by searching for the pointer value). This feature is not |
| yet implemented, however. |
| |
| The beginnings of a libfdt Python module are provided. So far this only |
| implements a subset of the features. |
| |
| The 'swig' tool is needed to build the libfdt Python module. |
| |
| |
| Future work |
| ----------- |
| - Add unit tests |
| - Add a sandbox_spl functional test |
| - Consider programmatically reading binding files instead of device tree |
| contents |
| - Drop the device tree data from the SPL image |
| - Complete the phandle feature |
| - Get this running on a Rockchip board |
| - Move to using a full Python libfdt module |
| |
| -- |
| Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org> |
| 6/6/16 |