| .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ |
| .. Copyright (C) 2017, Tuomas Tynkkynen <tuomas.tynkkynen@iki.fi> |
| |
| QEMU ARM |
| ======== |
| |
| QEMU for ARM supports a special 'virt' machine designed for emulation and |
| virtualization purposes. This document describes how to run U-Boot under it. |
| Both 32-bit ARM and AArch64 are supported. |
| |
| The 'virt' platform provides the following as the basic functionality: |
| |
| - A freely configurable amount of CPU cores |
| - U-Boot loaded and executing in the emulated flash at address 0x0 |
| - A generated device tree blob placed at the start of RAM |
| - A freely configurable amount of RAM, described by the DTB |
| - A PL011 serial port, discoverable via the DTB |
| - An ARMv7/ARMv8 architected timer |
| - PSCI for rebooting the system |
| - A generic ECAM-based PCI host controller, discoverable via the DTB |
| |
| Additionally, a number of optional peripherals can be added to the PCI bus. |
| |
| See :doc:`../../develop/devicetree/dt_qemu` for information on how to see |
| the devicetree actually generated by QEMU. |
| |
| Building U-Boot |
| --------------- |
| Set the CROSS_COMPILE environment variable as usual, and run: |
| |
| - For ARM:: |
| |
| make qemu_arm_defconfig |
| make |
| |
| - For AArch64:: |
| |
| make qemu_arm64_defconfig |
| make |
| |
| Running U-Boot |
| -------------- |
| The minimal QEMU command line to get U-Boot up and running is: |
| |
| - For ARM:: |
| |
| qemu-system-arm -machine virt -nographic -bios u-boot.bin |
| |
| - For AArch64:: |
| |
| qemu-system-aarch64 -machine virt -nographic -cpu cortex-a57 -bios u-boot.bin |
| |
| Note that for some odd reason qemu-system-aarch64 needs to be explicitly |
| told to use a 64-bit CPU or it will boot in 32-bit mode. The -nographic argument |
| ensures that output appears on the terminal. Use Ctrl-A X to quit. |
| |
| Additional persistent U-Boot environment support can be added as follows: |
| |
| - Create envstore.img using qemu-img:: |
| |
| qemu-img create -f raw envstore.img 64M |
| |
| - Add a pflash drive parameter to the command line:: |
| |
| -drive if=pflash,format=raw,index=1,file=envstore.img |
| |
| Additional peripherals that have been tested to work in both U-Boot and Linux |
| can be enabled with the following command line parameters: |
| |
| - To add a video console, remove "-nographic" and add e.g.:: |
| |
| -serial stdio -device VGA |
| |
| - To add a Serial ATA disk via an Intel ICH9 AHCI controller, pass e.g.:: |
| |
| -drive if=none,file=disk.img,format=raw,id=mydisk \ |
| -device ich9-ahci,id=ahci -device ide-drive,drive=mydisk,bus=ahci.0 |
| |
| - To add an Intel E1000 network adapter, pass e.g.:: |
| |
| -netdev user,id=net0 -device e1000,netdev=net0 |
| |
| - To add an EHCI-compliant USB host controller, pass e.g.:: |
| |
| -device usb-ehci,id=ehci |
| |
| - To add a USB keyboard attached to an emulated xHCI controller, pass e.g.:: |
| |
| -device qemu-xhci,id=xhci -device usb-kbd,bus=xhci.0 |
| |
| - To add an NVMe disk, pass e.g.:: |
| |
| -drive if=none,file=disk.img,id=mydisk -device nvme,drive=mydisk,serial=foo |
| |
| - To add a random number generator, pass e.g.:: |
| |
| -device virtio-rng-pci |
| |
| These have been tested in QEMU 2.9.0 but should work in at least 2.5.0 as well. |
| |
| Booting distros |
| --------------- |
| |
| It is possible to install and boot a standard Linux distribution using |
| qemu_arm64 by setting up a root disk:: |
| |
| qemu-img create root.img 20G |
| |
| then using the installer to install. For example, with Debian 12:: |
| |
| qemu-system-aarch64 \ |
| -machine virt -cpu cortex-a53 -m 4G -smp 4 \ |
| -bios u-boot.bin \ |
| -serial stdio -device VGA \ |
| -nic user,model=virtio-net-pci \ |
| -device virtio-rng-pci \ |
| -device qemu-xhci,id=xhci \ |
| -device usb-kbd -device usb-tablet \ |
| -drive if=virtio,file=debian-12.0.0-arm64-netinst.iso,format=raw,readonly=on,media=cdrom \ |
| -drive if=virtio,file=root.img,format=raw,media=disk |
| |
| The output will be something like this:: |
| |
| U-Boot 2023.10-rc2-00075-gbe8fbe718e35 (Aug 11 2023 - 08:38:49 +0000) |
| |
| DRAM: 4 GiB |
| Core: 51 devices, 14 uclasses, devicetree: board |
| Flash: 64 MiB |
| Loading Environment from Flash... *** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment |
| |
| In: serial,usbkbd |
| Out: serial,vidconsole |
| Err: serial,vidconsole |
| Bus xhci_pci: Register 8001040 NbrPorts 8 |
| Starting the controller |
| USB XHCI 1.00 |
| scanning bus xhci_pci for devices... 3 USB Device(s) found |
| Net: eth0: virtio-net#32 |
| Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0 |
| Scanning for bootflows in all bootdevs |
| Seq Method State Uclass Part Name Filename |
| --- ----------- ------ -------- ---- ------------------------ ---------------- |
| Scanning global bootmeth 'efi_mgr': |
| Scanning bootdev 'fw-cfg@9020000.bootdev': |
| fatal: no kernel available |
| scanning bus for devices... |
| Scanning bootdev 'virtio-blk#34.bootdev': |
| 0 efi ready virtio 2 virtio-blk#34.bootdev.par efi/boot/bootaa64.efi |
| ** Booting bootflow 'virtio-blk#34.bootdev.part_2' with efi |
| Using prior-stage device tree |
| Failed to load EFI variables |
| Error: writing contents |
| ** Unable to write file ubootefi.var ** |
| Failed to persist EFI variables |
| Missing TPMv2 device for EFI_TCG_PROTOCOL |
| Booting /efi\boot\bootaa64.efi |
| Error: writing contents |
| ** Unable to write file ubootefi.var ** |
| Failed to persist EFI variables |
| Welcome to GRUB! |
| |
| Standard boot looks through various available devices and finds the virtio |
| disks, then boots from the first one. After a second or so the grub menu appears |
| and you can work through the installer flow normally. |
| |
| After the installation, you can boot into the installed system by running QEMU |
| again without the drive argument corresponding to the installer CD image. |
| |
| Enabling TPMv2 support |
| ---------------------- |
| |
| To emulate a TPM the swtpm package may be used. It can be built from the |
| following repositories: |
| |
| https://github.com/stefanberger/swtpm.git |
| |
| Swtpm provides a socket for the TPM emulation which can be consumed by QEMU. |
| |
| In a first console invoke swtpm with:: |
| |
| swtpm socket --tpmstate dir=/tmp/mytpm1 \ |
| --ctrl type=unixio,path=/tmp/mytpm1/swtpm-sock --log level=20 |
| |
| In a second console invoke qemu-system-aarch64 with:: |
| |
| -chardev socket,id=chrtpm,path=/tmp/mytpm1/swtpm-sock \ |
| -tpmdev emulator,id=tpm0,chardev=chrtpm \ |
| -device tpm-tis-device,tpmdev=tpm0 |
| |
| Enable the TPM on U-Boot's command line with:: |
| |
| tpm2 startup TPM2_SU_CLEAR |
| |
| Debug UART |
| ---------- |
| |
| The debug UART on the ARM virt board uses these settings:: |
| |
| CONFIG_DEBUG_UART=y |
| CONFIG_DEBUG_UART_PL010=y |
| CONFIG_DEBUG_UART_BASE=0x9000000 |
| CONFIG_DEBUG_UART_CLOCK=0 |