CONTRIB: opentracing: add the OpenTracing filter

This commit adds the OpenTracing filter (hereinafter we will use the
abbreviated name 'the OT filter') to the contrib tree.

The OT filter adds native support for using distributed tracing in HAProxy.
This is enabled by sending an OpenTracing compliant request to one of the
supported tracers; such as Datadog, Jaeger, Lightstep and Zipkin tracers.
Please note: tracers are not listed by any preference, but alphabetically.

The OT filter is a standard HAProxy filter, so what applies to others also
applies to this one (of course, by that I mean what is described in the
documentation, more precisely in the doc/internals/filters.txt file).

The OT filter activation is done explicitly by specifying it in the HAProxy
configuration.  If this is not done, the OT filter in no way participates
in the work of HAProxy.

As for the impact on HAProxy speed, this is documented with several tests
located in the test directory, and the result is found in the README-speed-*
files.  In short, the speed of operation depends on the way it is used and
the complexity of the configuration, from an almost immeasurable impact to
a significant deceleration (5x and more).  I think that in some normal use
the speed of HAProxy with the filter on will be quite satisfactory with a
slowdown of less than 4%.

The OT filter allows intensive use of ACLs, which can be defined anywhere in
the configuration.  Thus, it is possible to use the filter only for those
connections that are of interest to us.

More detailed documentation related to the operation, configuration and use
of the filter can be found in the contrib/opentracing directory.

To make the OpenTracing filter easier to configure and compile, several
entries have been added to the Makefile.  When running the make utility,
it is possible to use several new arguments:

  USE_OT=1     : enable the OpenTracing filter
  OT_DEBUG=1   : compile the OpenTracing filter in debug mode
  OT_INC=path  : force the include path to libopentracing-c-wrapper
  OT_LIB=path  : force the lib path to libopentracing-c-wrapper
  OT_RUNPATH=1 : add libopentracing-c-wrapper RUNPATH to haproxy executable

If USE_OT is set, then an additional Makefile from the contrib/opentracing
directory is included in the compilation process.
diff --git a/contrib/opentracing/test/README-speed-ctx b/contrib/opentracing/test/README-speed-ctx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa8fc2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/opentracing/test/README-speed-ctx
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+--- rate-limit 100.0 --------------------------------------------------
+Running 5m test @ http://localhost:10080/index.html
+  8 threads and 8 connections
+  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
+    Latency     2.49ms  799.87us  43.00ms   70.90%
+    Req/Sec   393.01     20.61   696.00     71.68%
+  Latency Distribution
+     50%    2.50ms
+     75%    3.00ms
+     90%    3.38ms
+     99%    4.23ms
+  939237 requests in 5.00m, 249.01MB read
+Requests/sec:   3130.01
+Transfer/sec:    849.75KB
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+--- rate-limit 50.0 --------------------------------------------------
+Running 5m test @ http://localhost:10080/index.html
+  8 threads and 8 connections
+  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
+    Latency     1.27ms    0.97ms  40.77ms   56.91%
+    Req/Sec   778.22     70.30     1.36k    69.10%
+  Latency Distribution
+     50%    1.36ms
+     75%    1.80ms
+     90%    2.49ms
+     99%    3.51ms
+  1859055 requests in 5.00m, 492.88MB read
+Requests/sec:   6195.58
+Transfer/sec:      1.64MB
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+--- rate-limit 10.0 --------------------------------------------------
+Running 5m test @ http://localhost:10080/index.html
+  8 threads and 8 connections
+  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
+    Latency   442.00us  481.47us  31.61ms   90.27%
+    Req/Sec     2.25k   130.05     2.73k    72.83%
+  Latency Distribution
+     50%  287.00us
+     75%  526.00us
+     90%    0.92ms
+     99%    1.76ms
+  5380213 requests in 5.00m, 1.39GB read
+Requests/sec:  17930.27
+Transfer/sec:      4.75MB
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+--- rate-limit 2.5 --------------------------------------------------
+Running 5m test @ http://localhost:10080/index.html
+  8 threads and 8 connections
+  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
+    Latency   346.65us  414.65us  28.50ms   95.63%
+    Req/Sec     2.75k   159.74     3.23k    84.68%
+  Latency Distribution
+     50%  271.00us
+     75%  353.00us
+     90%  505.00us
+     99%    1.55ms
+  6560093 requests in 5.00m, 1.70GB read
+Requests/sec:  21864.43
+Transfer/sec:      5.80MB
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+--- rate-limit 0.0 --------------------------------------------------
+Running 5m test @ http://localhost:10080/index.html
+  8 threads and 8 connections
+  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
+    Latency   313.32us  402.25us  24.73ms   98.55%
+    Req/Sec     2.95k   145.03     3.21k    88.99%
+  Latency Distribution
+     50%  264.00us
+     75%  327.00us
+     90%  403.00us
+     99%    1.33ms
+  7050847 requests in 5.00m, 1.83GB read
+Requests/sec:  23501.14
+Transfer/sec:      6.23MB
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+--- rate-limit disabled --------------------------------------------------
+Running 5m test @ http://localhost:10080/index.html
+  8 threads and 8 connections
+  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
+    Latency   310.19us  384.76us  22.18ms   98.66%
+    Req/Sec     2.96k   115.62     3.37k    84.30%
+  Latency Distribution
+     50%  265.00us
+     75%  327.00us
+     90%  402.00us
+     99%    1.10ms
+  7058682 requests in 5.00m, 1.83GB read
+Requests/sec:  23526.70
+Transfer/sec:      6.24MB
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+--- rate-limit off --------------------------------------------------
+Running 5m test @ http://localhost:10080/index.html
+  8 threads and 8 connections
+  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
+    Latency   305.86us  367.56us  25.76ms   98.65%
+    Req/Sec     2.99k   116.93     3.43k    85.59%
+  Latency Distribution
+     50%  261.00us
+     75%  322.00us
+     90%  396.00us
+     99%    1.09ms
+  7137173 requests in 5.00m, 1.85GB read
+Requests/sec:  23788.84
+Transfer/sec:      6.31MB
+----------------------------------------------------------------------