CONTRIB: opentracing: add the OpenTracing filter

This commit adds the OpenTracing filter (hereinafter we will use the
abbreviated name 'the OT filter') to the contrib tree.

The OT filter adds native support for using distributed tracing in HAProxy.
This is enabled by sending an OpenTracing compliant request to one of the
supported tracers; such as Datadog, Jaeger, Lightstep and Zipkin tracers.
Please note: tracers are not listed by any preference, but alphabetically.

The OT filter is a standard HAProxy filter, so what applies to others also
applies to this one (of course, by that I mean what is described in the
documentation, more precisely in the doc/internals/filters.txt file).

The OT filter activation is done explicitly by specifying it in the HAProxy
configuration.  If this is not done, the OT filter in no way participates
in the work of HAProxy.

As for the impact on HAProxy speed, this is documented with several tests
located in the test directory, and the result is found in the README-speed-*
files.  In short, the speed of operation depends on the way it is used and
the complexity of the configuration, from an almost immeasurable impact to
a significant deceleration (5x and more).  I think that in some normal use
the speed of HAProxy with the filter on will be quite satisfactory with a
slowdown of less than 4%.

The OT filter allows intensive use of ACLs, which can be defined anywhere in
the configuration.  Thus, it is possible to use the filter only for those
connections that are of interest to us.

More detailed documentation related to the operation, configuration and use
of the filter can be found in the contrib/opentracing directory.

To make the OpenTracing filter easier to configure and compile, several
entries have been added to the Makefile.  When running the make utility,
it is possible to use several new arguments:

  USE_OT=1     : enable the OpenTracing filter
  OT_DEBUG=1   : compile the OpenTracing filter in debug mode
  OT_INC=path  : force the include path to libopentracing-c-wrapper
  OT_LIB=path  : force the lib path to libopentracing-c-wrapper
  OT_RUNPATH=1 : add libopentracing-c-wrapper RUNPATH to haproxy executable

If USE_OT is set, then an additional Makefile from the contrib/opentracing
directory is included in the compilation process.
diff --git a/contrib/opentracing/include/conf.h b/contrib/opentracing/include/conf.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97df12e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/opentracing/include/conf.h
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+/***
+ * Copyright 2020 HAProxy Technologies
+ *
+ * This file is part of the HAProxy OpenTracing filter.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+ * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+ */
+#ifndef _OPENTRACING_CONF_H_
+#define _OPENTRACING_CONF_H_
+
+#define FLT_OT_CONF(f)              ((struct flt_ot_conf *)FLT_CONF(f))
+#define FLT_OT_CONF_HDR_FMT         "%p:{ { '%.*s' %zu %d } "
+#define FLT_OT_CONF_HDR_ARGS(a,b)   (a), (int)(a)->b##_len, (a)->b, (a)->b##_len, (a)->cfg_line
+#define FLT_OT_STR_HDR_ARGS(a,b)    (a)->b, (a)->b##_len
+
+#define FLT_OT_DBG_CONF_SAMPLE_EXPR(f,a) \
+	FLT_OT_DBG(3, "%s%p:{ '%s' %p }", (f), (a), (a)->value, (a)->expr)
+
+#define FLT_OT_DBG_CONF_SAMPLE(f,a)               \
+	FLT_OT_DBG(3, "%s%p:{ '%s' '%s' %s %d }", \
+	           (f), (a), (a)->key, (a)->value, flt_ot_list_debug(&((a)->exprs)), (a)->num_exprs)
+
+#define FLT_OT_DBG_CONF_STR(f,a) \
+	FLT_OT_DBG(3, f FLT_OT_CONF_HDR_FMT "}", FLT_OT_CONF_HDR_ARGS(a, str))
+
+#define FLT_OT_DBG_CONF_CONTEXT(f,a) \
+	FLT_OT_DBG(3, f FLT_OT_CONF_HDR_FMT "0x%02hhx }", FLT_OT_CONF_HDR_ARGS(a, id), (a)->flags)
+
+#define FLT_OT_DBG_CONF_SPAN(f,a)                                                                                   \
+	FLT_OT_DBG(3, f FLT_OT_CONF_HDR_FMT "'%s' %zu %d '%s' %zu %hhu 0x%02hhx %s %s %s }",                        \
+	           FLT_OT_CONF_HDR_ARGS(a, id), FLT_OT_STR_HDR_ARGS(a, ref_id), (a)->ref_type,                      \
+	           FLT_OT_STR_HDR_ARGS(a, ctx_id), (a)->flag_root, (a)->ctx_flags, flt_ot_list_debug(&((a)->tags)), \
+	           flt_ot_list_debug(&((a)->logs)), flt_ot_list_debug(&((a)->baggages)))
+
+#define FLT_OT_DBG_CONF_SCOPE(f,a)                                                                           \
+	FLT_OT_DBG(3, f FLT_OT_CONF_HDR_FMT "%hhu %d %s %p %s %s %s }",                                      \
+	           FLT_OT_CONF_HDR_ARGS(a, id), (a)->flag_used, (a)->event, flt_ot_list_debug(&((a)->acls)), \
+	           (a)->cond, flt_ot_list_debug(&((a)->contexts)), flt_ot_list_debug(&((a)->spans)),         \
+	           flt_ot_list_debug(&((a)->finish)))
+
+#define FLT_OT_DBG_CONF_GROUP(f,a)                       \
+	FLT_OT_DBG(3, f FLT_OT_CONF_HDR_FMT "%hhu %s }", \
+	           FLT_OT_CONF_HDR_ARGS(a, id), (a)->flag_used, flt_ot_list_debug(&((a)->ph_scopes)))
+
+#define FLT_OT_DBG_CONF_PH(f,a) \
+	FLT_OT_DBG(3, f FLT_OT_CONF_HDR_FMT "%p }", FLT_OT_CONF_HDR_ARGS(a, id), (a)->ptr)
+
+#define FLT_OT_DBG_CONF_TRACER(f,a)                                                                                                   \
+	FLT_OT_DBG(3, f FLT_OT_CONF_HDR_FMT "'%s' '%s' %p %u %hhu %hhu 0x%02hhx %p:%s 0x%08x %s %s %s }",                             \
+	           FLT_OT_CONF_HDR_ARGS(a, id), (a)->config, (a)->plugin, (a)->tracer, (a)->rate_limit, (a)->flag_harderr,            \
+	           (a)->flag_disabled, (a)->logging, &((a)->proxy_log), flt_ot_list_debug(&((a)->proxy_log.logsrvs)), (a)->analyzers, \
+	           flt_ot_list_debug(&((a)->acls)), flt_ot_list_debug(&((a)->ph_groups)), flt_ot_list_debug(&((a)->ph_scopes)))
+
+#define FLT_OT_DBG_CONF(f,a)                                                  \
+	FLT_OT_DBG(3, "%s%p:{ %p '%s' '%s' %p %s %s }",                       \
+	           (f), (a), (a)->proxy, (a)->id, (a)->cfg_file, (a)->tracer, \
+	           flt_ot_list_debug(&((a)->groups)), flt_ot_list_debug(&((a)->scopes)))
+
+#define FLT_OT_STR_HDR(a)        \
+	struct {                 \
+		char   *a;       \
+		size_t  a##_len; \
+	}
+
+#define FLT_OT_CONF_HDR(a)            \
+	struct {                      \
+		FLT_OT_STR_HDR(a);    \
+		int         cfg_line; \
+		struct list list;     \
+	}
+
+
+struct flt_ot_conf_hdr {
+	FLT_OT_CONF_HDR(id);
+};
+
+/* flt_ot_conf_sample->exprs */
+struct flt_ot_conf_sample_expr {
+	FLT_OT_CONF_HDR(value);   /* The sample value. */
+	struct sample_expr *expr; /* The sample expression. */
+};
+
+/*
+ * flt_ot_conf_span->tags
+ * flt_ot_conf_span->logs
+ * flt_ot_conf_span->baggages
+ */
+struct flt_ot_conf_sample {
+	FLT_OT_CONF_HDR(key);   /* The sample name. */
+	char        *value;     /* The sample content. */
+	struct list  exprs;     /* Used to chain sample expressions. */
+	int          num_exprs; /* Number of defined expressions. */
+};
+
+/* flt_ot_conf_scope->finish */
+struct flt_ot_conf_str {
+	FLT_OT_CONF_HDR(str); /* String content/length. */
+};
+
+/* flt_ot_conf_scope->contexts */
+struct flt_ot_conf_context {
+	FLT_OT_CONF_HDR(id); /* The name of the context. */
+	uint8_t flags;       /* The type of storage from which the span context is extracted.  */
+};
+
+/* flt_ot_conf_scope->spans */
+struct flt_ot_conf_span {
+	FLT_OT_CONF_HDR(id);    /* The name of the span. */
+	FLT_OT_STR_HDR(ref_id); /* The reference name, if used. */
+	int         ref_type;   /* The reference type. */
+	FLT_OT_STR_HDR(ctx_id); /* The span context name, if used. */
+	uint8_t     ctx_flags;  /* The type of storage used for the span context. */
+	bool        flag_root;  /* Whether this is a root span. */
+	struct list tags;       /* The set of key:value tags. */
+	struct list logs;       /* The set of key:value logs. */
+	struct list baggages;   /* The set of key:value baggage items. */
+};
+
+struct flt_ot_conf_scope {
+	FLT_OT_CONF_HDR(id);        /* The scope name. */
+	bool             flag_used; /* The indication that the scope is being used. */
+	int              event;     /* FLT_OT_EVENT_* */
+	struct list      acls;      /* ACLs declared on this scope. */
+	struct acl_cond *cond;      /* ACL condition to meet. */
+	struct list      contexts;  /* Declared contexts. */
+	struct list      spans;     /* Declared spans. */
+	struct list      finish;    /* The list of spans to be finished. */
+};
+
+struct flt_ot_conf_group {
+	FLT_OT_CONF_HDR(id);   /* The group name. */
+	bool        flag_used; /* The indication that the group is being used. */
+	struct list ph_scopes; /* List of all used scopes. */
+};
+
+struct flt_ot_conf_ph {
+	FLT_OT_CONF_HDR(id); /* The scope/group name. */
+	void *ptr;           /* Pointer to real placeholder structure. */
+};
+#define flt_ot_conf_ph_group      flt_ot_conf_ph
+#define flt_ot_conf_ph_scope      flt_ot_conf_ph
+
+struct flt_ot_conf_tracer {
+	FLT_OT_CONF_HDR(id);              /* The tracer name. */
+	char              *config;        /* The OpenTracing configuration file name. */
+	char              *plugin;        /* The OpenTracing plugin library file name. */
+	struct otc_tracer *tracer;        /* The OpenTracing tracer handle. */
+	uint32_t           rate_limit;    /* [0 2^32-1] <-> [0.0 100.0] */
+	bool               flag_harderr;  /* [0 1] */
+	bool               flag_disabled; /* [0 1] */
+	uint8_t            logging;       /* [0 1 3] */
+	struct proxy       proxy_log;     /* The log server list. */
+	uint               analyzers;     /* Defined channel analyzers. */
+	struct list        acls;          /* ACLs declared on this tracer. */
+	struct list        ph_groups;     /* List of all used groups. */
+	struct list        ph_scopes;     /* List of all used scopes. */
+};
+
+struct flt_ot_counters {
+#ifdef DEBUG_OT
+	struct {
+		bool     flag_used; /* Whether this event is used. */
+		uint64_t htx[2];    /* htx_is_empty() function result counter. */
+	} event[FLT_OT_EVENT_MAX];
+#endif
+
+	uint64_t disabled[2];       /* How many times stream processing is disabled. */
+};
+
+/* The OpenTracing filter configuration. */
+struct flt_ot_conf {
+	struct proxy              *proxy;    /* Proxy owning the filter. */
+	char                      *id;       /* The OpenTracing filter id. */
+	char                      *cfg_file; /* The OpenTracing filter configuration file name. */
+	struct flt_ot_conf_tracer *tracer;   /* There can only be one tracer. */
+	struct list                groups;   /* List of all available groups. */
+	struct list                scopes;   /* List of all available scopes. */
+	struct flt_ot_counters     cnt;      /* Various counters related to filter operation. */
+};
+
+
+#define flt_ot_conf_ph_group_free   flt_ot_conf_ph_free
+#define flt_ot_conf_ph_scope_free   flt_ot_conf_ph_free
+
+struct flt_ot_conf_ph          *flt_ot_conf_ph_init(const char *id, int linenum, struct list *head, char **err);
+void                            flt_ot_conf_ph_free(struct flt_ot_conf_ph **ptr);
+struct flt_ot_conf_sample_expr *flt_ot_conf_sample_expr_init(const char *id, int linenum, struct list *head, char **err);
+void                            flt_ot_conf_sample_expr_free(struct flt_ot_conf_sample_expr **ptr);
+struct flt_ot_conf_sample      *flt_ot_conf_sample_init(char **args, int linenum, struct list *head, char **err);
+void                            flt_ot_conf_sample_free(struct flt_ot_conf_sample **ptr);
+struct flt_ot_conf_str         *flt_ot_conf_str_init(const char *id, int linenum, struct list *head, char **err);
+void                            flt_ot_conf_str_free(struct flt_ot_conf_str **ptr);
+struct flt_ot_conf_context     *flt_ot_conf_context_init(const char *id, int linenum, struct list *head, char **err);
+void                            flt_ot_conf_context_free(struct flt_ot_conf_context **ptr);
+struct flt_ot_conf_span        *flt_ot_conf_span_init(const char *id, int linenum, struct list *head, char **err);
+void                            flt_ot_conf_span_free(struct flt_ot_conf_span **ptr);
+struct flt_ot_conf_scope       *flt_ot_conf_scope_init(const char *id, int linenum, struct list *head, char **err);
+void                            flt_ot_conf_scope_free(struct flt_ot_conf_scope **ptr);
+struct flt_ot_conf_group       *flt_ot_conf_group_init(const char *id, int linenum, struct list *head, char **err);
+void                            flt_ot_conf_group_free(struct flt_ot_conf_group **ptr);
+struct flt_ot_conf_tracer      *flt_ot_conf_tracer_init(const char *id, int linenum, char **err);
+void                            flt_ot_conf_tracer_free(struct flt_ot_conf_tracer **ptr);
+struct flt_ot_conf             *flt_ot_conf_init(struct proxy *px);
+void                            flt_ot_conf_free(struct flt_ot_conf **ptr);
+
+#endif /* _OPENTRACING_CONF_H_ */
+
+/*
+ * Local variables:
+ *  c-indent-level: 8
+ *  c-basic-offset: 8
+ * End:
+ *
+ * vi: noexpandtab shiftwidth=8 tabstop=8
+ */