alist: Add support for an allocated pointer list

In various places it is useful to have an array of structures, but allow
it to grow. In some cases we work around it by setting maximum number of
entries, using a Kconfig option. In other places we use a linked list,
which does not provide for random access and can complicate the code.

Introduce a new data structure, which is a variable-sized list of structs
each of the same, pre-set size. It provides O(1) access and is reasonably
efficient at expanding linearly, since it doubles in size when it runs out
of space.

Signed-off-by: Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org>
diff --git a/include/alist.h b/include/alist.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..586a1ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/alist.h
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ */
+/*
+ * Handles a contiguous list of pointers which be allocated and freed
+ *
+ * Copyright 2023 Google LLC
+ * Written by Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org>
+ */
+
+#ifndef __ALIST_H
+#define __ALIST_H
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <linux/bitops.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+
+/**
+ * struct alist - object list that can be allocated and freed
+ *
+ * Holds a list of objects, each of the same size. The object is typically a
+ * C struct. The array is alloced in memory can change in size.
+ *
+ * The list rememebers the size of the list, but has a separate count of how
+ * much space is allocated, This allows it increase in size in steps as more
+ * elements are added, which is more efficient that reallocating the list every
+ * time a single item is added
+ *
+ * Two types of access are provided:
+ *
+ * alist_get...(index)
+ *	gets an existing element, if its index is less that size
+ *
+ * alist_ensure(index)
+ *	address an existing element, or creates a new one if not present
+ *
+ * @data: object data of size `@obj_size * @alloc`. The list can grow as
+ * needed but never shrinks
+ * @obj_size: Size of each object in bytes
+ * @count: number of objects in array
+ * @alloc: allocated length of array, to which @count can grow
+ * @flags: flags for the alist (ALISTF_...)
+ */
+struct alist {
+	void *data;
+	u16 obj_size;
+	u16 count;
+	u16 alloc;
+	u16 flags;
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum alist_flags - Flags for the alist
+ *
+ * @ALIST_FAIL: true if any allocation has failed. Once this has happened, the
+ * alist is dead and cannot grow further
+ */
+enum alist_flags {
+	ALISTF_FAIL	= BIT(0),
+};
+
+/**
+ * alist_has() - Check if an index is within the list range
+ *
+ * Checks if index is within the current alist count
+ *
+ * @lst: alist to check
+ * @index: Index to check
+ * Returns: true if value, else false
+ */
+static inline bool alist_has(struct alist *lst, uint index)
+{
+	return index < lst->count;
+}
+
+/**
+ * alist_err() - Check if the alist is still valid
+ *
+ * @lst: List to check
+ * Return: false if OK, true if any previous allocation failed
+ */
+static inline bool alist_err(struct alist *lst)
+{
+	return lst->flags & ALISTF_FAIL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * alist_get_ptr() - Get the value of a pointer
+ *
+ * @lst: alist to check
+ * @index: Index to read from
+ * Returns: pointer, if present, else NULL
+ */
+const void *alist_get_ptr(const struct alist *lst, uint index);
+
+/**
+ * alist_getd() - Get the value of a pointer directly, with no checking
+ *
+ * This must only be called on indexes for which alist_has() returns true
+ *
+ * @lst: alist to check
+ * @index: Index to read from
+ * Returns: pointer value (may be NULL)
+ */
+static inline const void *alist_getd(struct alist *lst, uint index)
+{
+	return lst->data + index * lst->obj_size;
+}
+
+/** get an entry as a constant */
+#define alist_get(_lst, _index, _struct)	\
+	((const _struct *)alist_get_ptr(_lst, _index))
+
+/** get an entry which can be written to */
+#define alist_getw(_lst, _index, _struct)	\
+	((_struct *)alist_get_ptr(_lst, _index))
+
+/**
+ * alist_ensure_ptr() - Ensure an object exists at a given index
+ *
+ * This provides read/write access to an array element. If it does not exist,
+ * it is allocated, reading for the caller to store the object into
+ *
+ * Allocates a object at the given index if needed
+ *
+ * @lst: alist to check
+ * @index: Index to address
+ * Returns: pointer where struct can be read/written, or NULL if out of memory
+ */
+void *alist_ensure_ptr(struct alist *lst, uint index);
+
+/**
+ * alist_ensure() - Address a struct, the correct object type
+ *
+ * Use as:
+ *	struct my_struct *ptr = alist_ensure(&lst, 4, struct my_struct);
+ */
+#define alist_ensure(_lst, _index, _struct)	\
+	((_struct *)alist_ensure_ptr(_lst, _index))
+
+/**
+ * alist_add_placeholder() - Add a new item to the end of the list
+ *
+ * @lst: alist to add to
+ * Return: Pointer to the newly added position. Note that this is not inited so
+ * the caller must copy the requested struct to the returned pointer
+ */
+void *alist_add_placeholder(struct alist *lst);
+
+/**
+ * alist_add_ptr() - Ad a new object to the list
+ *
+ * @lst: alist to add to
+ * @obj: Pointer to object to copy in
+ * Returns: pointer to where the object was copied, or NULL if out of memory
+ */
+void *alist_add_ptr(struct alist *lst, void *obj);
+
+/**
+ * alist_expand_by() - Expand a list by the given amount
+ *
+ * @lst: alist to expand
+ * @inc_by: Amount to expand by
+ * Return: true if OK, false if out of memory
+ */
+bool alist_expand_by(struct alist *lst, uint inc_by);
+
+/**
+ * alist_add() - Used to add an object type with the correct type
+ *
+ * Use as:
+ *	struct my_struct obj;
+ *	struct my_struct *ptr = alist_add(&lst, &obj);
+ */
+#define alist_add(_lst, _obj)	\
+	((typeof(_obj) *)alist_add_ptr(_lst, &(_obj)))
+
+/**
+ * alist_init() - Set up a new object list
+ *
+ * Sets up a list of objects, initially empty
+ *
+ * @lst: alist to set up
+ * @obj_size: Size of each element in bytes
+ * @alloc_size: Number of items to allowed to start, before reallocation is
+ * needed (0 to start with no space)
+ * Return: true if OK, false if out of memory
+ */
+bool alist_init(struct alist *lst, uint obj_size, uint alloc_size);
+
+#define alist_init_struct(_lst, _struct)	\
+	alist_init(_lst, sizeof(_struct), 0)
+
+/**
+ * alist_uninit_move_ptr() - Return the allocated contents and uninit the alist
+ *
+ * This returns the alist data to the caller, so that the caller receives data
+ * that it can be sure will hang around. The caller is responsible for freeing
+ * the data.
+ *
+ * If the alist size is 0, this returns NULL
+ *
+ * The alist is uninited as part of this.
+ *
+ * The alist must be inited before this can be called.
+ *
+ * @alist: alist to uninit
+ * @countp: if non-NULL, returns the number of objects in the returned data
+ * (which is @alist->size)
+ * Return: data contents, allocated with malloc(), or NULL if the data could not
+ *	be allocated, or the data size is 0
+ */
+void *alist_uninit_move_ptr(struct alist *alist, size_t *countp);
+
+/**
+ * alist_uninit_move() - Typed version of alist_uninit_move_ptr()
+ */
+#define alist_uninit_move(_lst, _countp, _struct)	\
+	(_struct *)alist_uninit_move_ptr(_lst, _countp)
+
+/**
+ * alist_uninit() - Free any memory used by an alist
+ *
+ * The alist must be inited before this can be called.
+ *
+ * @alist: alist to uninit
+ */
+void alist_uninit(struct alist *alist);
+
+#endif /* __ALIST_H */