Makefile improvements:
Improved dependency checking when building.
Removed dump target (build now always produces dump files).
Enabled platform ports to optionally make use of parts of the Trusted Firmware (e.g. BL3-1 only), rather than being forced to use all parts. Also made the fip target optional.
Specified the full path to source files and removed use of the vpath keyword.
Provided translation table library code for potential re-use by platforms other than the FVPs.
Moved architectural timer setup to platform-specific code.
Added standby state support to PSCI cpu_suspend implementation.
SRAM usage improvements:
Started using the -ffunction-sections, -fdata-sections and --gc-sections compiler/linker options to remove unused code and data from the images. Previously, all common functions were being built into all binary images, whether or not they were actually used.
Placed all assembler functions in their own section to allow more unused functions to be removed from images.
Updated BL1 and BL2 to use a single coherent stack each, rather than one per CPU.
Changed variables that were unnecessarily declared and initialized as non-const (i.e. in the .data section) so they are either uninitialized (zero init) or const.
Moved the Test Secure-EL1 Payload (BL3-2) to execute in Trusted SRAM by default. The option for it to run in Trusted DRAM remains.
Implemented a TrustZone Address Space Controller (TZC-400) driver. A default configuration is provided for the Base FVPs. This means the model parameter -C bp.secure_memory=1 is now supported.
Started saving the PSCI cpu_suspend 'power_state' parameter prior to suspending a CPU. This allows platforms that implement multiple power-down states at the same affinity level to identify a specific state.
Refactored the entire codebase to reduce the amount of nesting in header files and to make the use of system/user includes more consistent. Also split platform.h to separate out the platform porting declarations from the required platform porting definitions and the definitions/declarations specific to the platform port.
Optimized the data cache clean/invalidate operations.
Improved the BL3-1 unhandled exception handling and reporting. Unhandled exceptions now result in a dump of registers to the console.
Major rework to the handover interface between BL stages, in particular the interface to BL3-1. The interface now conforms to a specification and is more future proof.
Added support for optionally making the BL3-1 entrypoint a reset handler (instead of BL1). This allows platforms with an alternative image loading architecture to re-use BL3-1 with fewer modifications to generic code.
Reserved some DDR DRAM for secure use on FVP platforms to avoid future compatibility problems with non-secure software.
Added support for secure interrupts targeting the Secure-EL1 Payload (SP) (using GICv2 routing only). Demonstrated this working by adding an interrupt target and supporting test code to the TSP. Also demonstrated non-secure interrupt handling during TSP processing.
Now support use of the model parameter -C bp.secure_memory=1 in the Base FVPs (see New features).
Support for secure world interrupt handling now available (see New features).
Made enough SRAM savings (see New features) to enable the Test Secure-EL1 Payload (BL3-2) to execute in Trusted SRAM by default.
The tested filesystem used for this release (Linaro AArch64 OpenEmbedded 14.04) now correctly reports progress in the console.
Improved the Makefile structure to make it easier to separate out parts of the Trusted Firmware for re-use in platform ports. Also, improved target dependency checking.
GICv3 support is experimental. The Linux kernel patches to support this are not widely available. There are known issues with GICv3 initialization in the ARM Trusted Firmware.
Dynamic image loading is not available yet. The current image loader implementation (used to load BL2 and all subsequent images) has some limitations. Changing BL2 or BL3-1 load addresses in certain ways can lead to loading errors, even if the images should theoretically fit in memory.
The ARM Trusted Firmware still uses too much on-chip Trusted SRAM. A number of RAM usage enhancements have been identified to rectify this situation.
CPU idle does not work on the advertised version of the Foundation FVP. Some FVP fixes are required that are not available externally at the time of writing. This can be worked around by disabling CPU idle in the Linux kernel.
Various bugs in ARM Trusted Firmware, UEFI and the Linux kernel have been observed when using Linaro toolchain versions later than 13.11. Although most of these have been fixed, some remain at the time of writing. These mainly seem to relate to a subtle change in the way the compiler converts between 64-bit and 32-bit values (e.g. during casting operations), which reveals previously hidden bugs in client code.
The firmware design documentation for the Test Secure-EL1 Payload (TSP) and its dispatcher (TSPD) is incomplete. Similarly for the PSCI section.
Support for Foundation FVP Version 2.0 added. The documented UEFI configuration disables some devices that are unavailable in the Foundation FVP, including MMC and CLCD. The resultant UEFI binary can be used on the AEMv8 and Cortex-A57-A53 Base FVPs, as well as the Foundation FVP.
NOTE: The software will not work on Version 1.0 of the Foundation FVP.
Enabled third party contributions. Added a new contributing.md containing instructions for how to contribute and updated copyright text in all files to acknowledge contributors.
The PSCI CPU_SUSPEND API has been stabilised to the extent where it can be used for entry into power down states with the following restrictions:
The PSCI AFFINITY_INFO api has undergone limited testing on the Base FVPs to allow experimental use.
Required C library and runtime header files are now included locally in ARM Trusted Firmware instead of depending on the toolchain standard include paths. The local implementation has been cleaned up and reduced in scope.
Added I/O abstraction framework, primarily to allow generic code to load images in a platform-independent way. The existing image loading code has been reworked to use the new framework. Semi-hosting and NOR flash I/O drivers are provided.
Introduced Firmware Image Package (FIP) handling code and tools. A FIP combines multiple firmware images with a Table of Contents (ToC) into a single binary image. The new FIP driver is another type of I/O driver. The Makefile builds a FIP by default and the FVP platform code expect to load a FIP from NOR flash, although some support for image loading using semi- hosting is retained.
NOTE: Building a FIP by default is a non-backwards-compatible change.
NOTE: Generic BL2 code now loads a BL3-3 (non-trusted firmware) image into DRAM instead of expecting this to be pre-loaded at known location. This is also a non-backwards-compatible change.
NOTE: Some non-trusted firmware (e.g. UEFI) will need to be rebuilt so that it knows the new location to execute from and no longer needs to copy particular code modules to DRAM itself.
Reworked BL2 to BL3-1 handover interface. A new composite structure (bl31_args) holds the superset of information that needs to be passed from BL2 to BL3-1, including information on how handover execution control to BL3-2 (if present) and BL3-3 (non-trusted firmware).
Added library support for CPU context management, allowing the saving and restoring of
Added a framework for implementing EL3 runtime services. Reworked the PSCI implementation to be one such runtime service.
Reworked the exception handling logic, making use of both SP_EL0 and SP_EL3 stack pointers for determining the type of exception, managing general purpose and system register context on exception entry/exit, and handling SMCs. SMCs are directed to the correct EL3 runtime service.
Added support for a Test Secure-EL1 Payload (TSP) and a corresponding Dispatcher (TSPD), which is loaded as an EL3 runtime service. The TSPD implements Secure Monitor functionality such as world switching and EL1 context management, and is responsible for communication with the TSP. NOTE: The TSPD does not yet contain support for secure world interrupts. NOTE: The TSP/TSPD is not built by default.
Support has been added for switching context between secure and normal worlds in EL3.
PSCI API calls AFFINITY_INFO & PSCI_VERSION have now been tested (to a limited extent).
The ARM Trusted Firmware build artifacts are now placed in the ./build directory and sub-directories instead of being placed in the root of the project.
The ARM Trusted Firmware is now free from build warnings. Build warnings are now treated as errors.
The ARM Trusted Firmware now provides C library support locally within the project to maintain compatibility between toolchains/systems.
The PSCI locking code has been reworked so it no longer takes locks in an incorrect sequence.
The RAM-disk method of loading a Linux file-system has been confirmed to work with the ARM Trusted Firmware and Linux kernel version (based on version 3.13) used in this release, for both Foundation and Base FVPs.
The following is a list of issues which are expected to be fixed in the future releases of the ARM Trusted Firmware.
The TrustZone Address Space Controller (TZC-400) is not being programmed yet. Use of model parameter -C bp.secure_memory=1 is not supported.
No support yet for secure world interrupt handling.
GICv3 support is experimental. The Linux kernel patches to support this are not widely available. There are known issues with GICv3 initialization in the ARM Trusted Firmware.
Dynamic image loading is not available yet. The current image loader implementation (used to load BL2 and all subsequent images) has some limitations. Changing BL2 or BL3-1 load addresses in certain ways can lead to loading errors, even if the images should theoretically fit in memory.
The ARM Trusted Firmware uses too much on-chip Trusted SRAM. Currently the Test Secure-EL1 Payload (BL3-2) executes in Trusted DRAM since there is not enough SRAM. A number of RAM usage enhancements have been identified to rectify this situation.
CPU idle does not work on the advertised version of the Foundation FVP. Some FVP fixes are required that are not available externally at the time of writing.
Various bugs in ARM Trusted Firmware, UEFI and the Linux kernel have been observed when using Linaro toolchain versions later than 13.11. Although most of these have been fixed, some remain at the time of writing. These mainly seem to relate to a subtle change in the way the compiler converts between 64-bit and 32-bit values (e.g. during casting operations), which reveals previously hidden bugs in client code.
The tested filesystem used for this release (Linaro AArch64 OpenEmbedded 14.01) does not report progress correctly in the console. It only seems to produce error output, not standard output. It otherwise appears to function correctly. Other filesystem versions on the same software stack do not exhibit the problem.
The Makefile structure doesn't make it easy to separate out parts of the Trusted Firmware for re-use in platform ports, for example if only BL3-1 is required in a platform port. Also, dependency checking in the Makefile is flawed.
The firmware design documentation for the Test Secure-EL1 Payload (TSP) and its dispatcher (TSPD) is incomplete. Similarly for the PSCI section.
First source release.
Code for the PSCI suspend feature is supplied, although this is not enabled by default since there are known issues (see below).
The following is a list of issues which are expected to be fixed in the future releases of the ARM Trusted Firmware.
The TrustZone Address Space Controller (TZC-400) is not being programmed yet. Use of model parameter -C bp.secure_memory=1 is not supported.
No support yet for secure world interrupt handling or for switching context between secure and normal worlds in EL3.
GICv3 support is experimental. The Linux kernel patches to support this are not widely available. There are known issues with GICv3 initialization in the ARM Trusted Firmware.
Dynamic image loading is not available yet. The current image loader implementation (used to load BL2 and all subsequent images) has some limitations. Changing BL2 or BL3-1 load addresses in certain ways can lead to loading errors, even if the images should theoretically fit in memory.
Although support for PSCI CPU_SUSPEND is present, it is not yet stable and ready for use.
PSCI API calls AFFINITY_INFO & PSCI_VERSION are implemented but have not been tested.
The ARM Trusted Firmware make files result in all build artifacts being placed in the root of the project. These should be placed in appropriate sub-directories.
The compilation of ARM Trusted Firmware is not free from compilation warnings. Some of these warnings have not been investigated yet so they could mask real bugs.
The ARM Trusted Firmware currently uses toolchain/system include files like stdio.h. It should provide versions of these within the project to maintain compatibility between toolchains/systems.
The PSCI code takes some locks in an incorrect sequence. This may cause problems with suspend and hotplug in certain conditions.
The Linux kernel used in this release is based on version 3.12-rc4. Using this kernel with the ARM Trusted Firmware fails to start the file-system as a RAM-disk. It fails to execute user-space init from the RAM-disk. As an alternative, the VirtioBlock mechanism can be used to provide a file-system to the kernel.
Copyright (c) 2013-2014, ARM Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.